Approach to Fares Around the World

Transkript

1 Approach to Fares Around the World

2 Icon Legend: Regional rail Suburban rail Streetcar Local transit Rapid transit Right Of Way Mixed traffic

3 Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Ontario, Canada Regional Characteristics Population 6,574,140 (2011, all of GTHA) GDP: US$260.6 billion Regional Rail by provincial agency (Metrolinx) 10 municipal-based service providers Types of Transit Regional rail is a separate system, with limited connections to rapid transit or reserved- transit Most current regional lines are peak-only, but all regional lines are planned to have increased service (RER program) Rapid transit fed by local transit Regional Rail (all-day/peak) Rapid transit Mixed traffic Local transit Mixed traffic Approach to Fares Regional rail: - Fine-grained fare zones (more than 90) oriented in an uneven grid - Also serves regional bus For other modes: - Each municipal service provider has its own fare zone A single fare provides access to rapid transit, and local transit within each service provider fare zone No Peak or Time-of-Day Pricing Regional rail fares focused on financial district in City of Toronto Fare zones for most rapid, reserved-, and local transit based on municipal / service provider boundaries, not density / land use patterns Fare zones not oriented to serve suburban centres How do customers pay? Pricing and products vary, but all offer single-trip products and monthly passes or caps, some offer additional products Four municipal service providers offer a joint weekly pass product PRESTO on GO Transit and all other providers with some TTC stations/vehicles How do customers transfer? Free transfer, either time-based or trip-based when same operator and same mode Free transfer within a single provider when same operator and different modes A mix of full, reduced-price and free transfers between regional rail, rapid transit and local transit (depends on providers)

4 _MetroLinx_TheBigMove_Appendix_ "x11".qxd 12/15/08 12:17 PM Page 1 Map of regional rail and rapid transit in the GTHA (as of 2008): APPENDIX A: EXISTING REGIONAL RAPID TRANSIT AND HIGHWAY NETWORK IN THE GTHA Source: Metrolinx Regional Transportation Plan (2008), retrieved February 19, 2015 THE BIG MOVE Transforming Transportation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area 102

5 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Regional Characteristics Population 3,824,221 (2011, census metropolitan area) GDP: US$142.8 billion Canadian city most comparable in size to Toronto Regional rail controlled by provincial agency (AMT) and rapid transit controlled by STM, the municipal service provider for the City of Montreal Local buses in Greater Montreal served by a number of providers, including STM within Montreal Types of Transit Local buses structured to feed rapid transit Regional rail is a separate system, with some local transit feeders connections with rapid transit network Most regional rail lines are peak-only Regional Rail (all-day/peak) Rapid transit Mixed traffic Local transit Approach to Fares Regional rail: - Greater Montreal Area divided into 8 fare zones Rapid transit and local bus: - Each local municipal provider has its own fares and zones - Some municipal providers offer fare products for their services based on regional rail zones No Peak or Time-of-Day Pricing Regional rail fare structure is focused on city financial district Regional rail fare zones fairly circular but some are irregularly-sized Fare zones for other modes based on municipal / service provider boundaries No relationship of municipal fare zones to density / land use patterns Fare zones not oriented to serve suburban centres How do customers pay? TRAM fare products provide access to regional rail and other modes from Zone 1 Some service providers offer fare products for services spanning multiple zones though not consistent across region Single-operator products and pricing vary by operator OPUS electronic fare card adopted by all providers How do customers transfer? Free transfer, either time-based or trip-based when same operator and same mode Free transfer within a single provider when same operator and different modes A mix of full, reduced-price and free transfers between regional rail, rapid transit and local transit (depends on providers)

6 Map of fare zones in Greater Montreal: Source: AMT website, retrieved January 9, 2015

7 London, England, United Kingdom Regional Characteristics Population 8,615,246 (Greater London) GDP: US$731.2 billion Extensive and developed transport network with rail and bus Transport for London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for managing all transport services across London Types of Transit Underground, DLR and London Overground are fully integrated Buses and trams generally operate as their own network with connections to rapid transit Inner segments of National Rail complement rail network Regional Rail (all-day/peak) Rapid transit Suburban rail Local transit Mixed traffic Approach to Fares Regional rail (selected services), suburban rail, and rapid transit: - Fares based on TfL zone fare system - 6 fare zones (for Greater London) and 3 additional zones outside Greater London where rapid transit extends - Most inner segments of National Rail regional rail uses TfL fare structure; outer segments use National Rail fare structure Rapid transit and local transit: - Single flat fare for each bus or tram segment (one fare per boarding) Peak (AM/PM) and off-peak pricing Zone 1 more expensive than outlying zones All of Greater London is within the 6 main zones, oriented to the core of London Most suburban centres lie within Zones 1-4 and some outlying communities are within Zones 7-9 Width of fare zones roughly equal How do customers pay? Large variety of fare products available, for different modes, zones, lengths of time based on the zone(s) travelled For rail travel, a daily cap is automatically applied based on rail zones travelled when using electronic fare payment A separate, lower daily cap is automatically applied on tram/bus fares (set at just less than three fares) Day Travel cards provide unlimited travel on all modes Prices are zone-specific and not all three-zone products cost the same Oyster smartcard (pay as you go credit) Contactless payment (e.g., credit cards) Limited paper products available Cash fares not accepted on buses How do customers transfer? Rail network fares based on start and end zones, with no free transfers to buses/trams No free transfers between buses and trams Separate National Rail fare required where National Rail does not use TfL fare structure

8 Map of London Underground, DLR, Overground, and fare zones: 6 Tube map Chesham Amersham Uxbridge 5 Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 Bakerloo Central Circle District District open weekends, public holidays and some Olympia events Hammersmith & City Jubilee Special fares apply Watford Junction Chalfont & Latimer Hillingdon Ruislip 4 Heathrow Terminal 4 Chorleywood Ruislip Gardens South Ruislip Hounslow Hatton Cross Ickenham Heathrow Terminal 5 Northolt Greenford Rickmansworth Metropolitan Northern Piccadilly Victoria Waterloo & City DLR Perivale Stepney Green St. Paul s Aldgate North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn East Whitechapel Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Covent Garden Aldgate High Street Green Park Shadwell Acton Central Kensington Leicester Square Shepherd s Bush London Overground Emirates Air Line Rayners Lane Hanger Lane Ealing Broadway 5 Moor Park Watford Croxley South Harrow Sudbury Hill Sudbury Town Alperton Park Royal North Ealing Ealing Common Northfields Boston Manor Osterley Ruislip South Ealing Hounslow East Hounslow Central Moor Park Ruislip Manor Station in both fare zones Interchange stations Step-free access from street to train Step-free access from street to platform National Rail Airport Emirates Air Line Riverboat services Tramlink Northwood Northwood Hills Eastcote Pinner South Acton Acton Town Chiswick Park Harrow 4 North Harrow Turnham Green Gunnersbury Kew Gardens Richmond Transport for London This diagram is an evolution of the original design conceived in 1931 by Harry Beck Correct at time of going to print Poster December 2014 Bow Road Bromleyby-Bow Devons Road Langdon Park All Saints Harrowon-the-Hill Watford High Street Carpenders Park 3 Hatch End Headstone Lane Northwick Park South Kenton North Wembley Wembley Central Stonebridge Park Harlesden Willesden Junction Stamford Brook Harrow & Wealdstone East Acton Bushey Kilburn Park Market Goldhawk Road Maida Vale Warwick Avenue Ravenscourt Park 2 Fulham Broadway Parsons Green Putney Bridge East Putney Southfields Wimbledon Park Bank/Waterloo Waterloo & City line open between Bank and Waterloo Mondays to Fridays and Saturdays. Between Waterloo and Bank Mondays to Fridays and Saturdays. Closed Sundays and public holidays. Camden Town Open Sundays for interchange and exit only. Covent Garden Exit only from late February until early November Also, on Saturdays and Sundays, westbound trains will not stop. Please use Leicester Square instead. Emirates Air Line Emirates Greenwich Peninsula and Emirates Royal Docks For full information about operating times and fares please visit tfl.gov.uk/emiratesairline Hounslow Step-free access for manual wheelchairs only. Stanmore Step-free access via a steep ramp. Tottenham Court Road Central line trains will not stop at this station from early January until early December Turnham Green Served by Piccadilly line trains until 0650 Mondays to Saturdays, 0745 Sundays and after 2230 every evening. At other times use District line. Ham Until late February 2015 step-free access will only be to the DLR and c2c. India Quay Not served by DLR trains from Bank towards Lewisham at certain times. Pimlico 5 High Barnet Cockfosters Totteridge & Whetstone Oakwood Woodside Park Southgate Mill Hill East Finchley Arnos Grove Edgware 4 Stanmore Bounds Green Burnt Oak Finchley Central Canons Park Wood Green Colindale East Finchley Kenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane Hendon Central Preston Highgate Crouch Road Kingsbury Hill Brent Cross 3 Archway Manor House Gospel Golders Green Oak Hampstead Upper Holloway Neasden Hampstead Heath Wembley Tufnell Park Arsenal Park Dollis Hill Finsbury Park Finchley Road Holloway Road Willesden Green & Frognal Kentish Belsize Park Town Kentish Town Kilburn Highbury & Kensal Brondesbury Caledonian Road Islington Rise Park Hampstead Chalk Farm Camden Road Brondesbury Finchley Road Camden Town Caledonian Kensal Green 2 Road & Canonbury Swiss Cottage Barnsbury Queen s Park Kilburn South Mornington Dalston Junction High Road Hampstead St. John s Wood Crescent Royal Oak bourne Park White City Hammersmith Kensington (Olympia) Kensington Brompton Wimbledon Paddington Ladbroke Grove Latimer Road Shepherd s Bush Barons Court Earl s Court Edgware Road Bayswater Notting Hill Gate Gloucester Road Edgware Road Hyde Park Corner Knightsbridge South Kensington Clapham Junction Source: TfL website, retrieved February 27, 2015 Imperial Wharf Marylebone Lancaster Gate Morden Sloane Square Bond Street Victoria Vauxhall Wandsworth Road Clapham High Street Clapham North Clapham Common Clapham South Balham Tooting Bec Tooting Broadway Colliers Wood South Wimbledon Baker Street Oxford Circus Regent s Park St. James s Park Great Portland Street Warren Street Piccadilly Circus minster Goodge Street Charing Cross Waterloo Euston Oval Stockwell Euston Square Russell Square Lambeth North Kennington Brixton Temple Embankment Southwark King s Cross St. Pancras Farringdon Chancery Lane Mansion House Borough Elephant & Castle Denmark Hill Angel Barbican Cannon Street Blackfriars Peckham Rye Old Street Moorgate Monument London Bridge Queens Road Peckham Crystal Palace Liverpool Street Tower Hill Fenchurch Street River Thames Bermondsey 5 Brockley Harringay Green Lanes New Cross Gate Forest Hill Anerley Dalston Kingsland Honor Oak Park Sydenham Penge Seven Sisters Haggerston Hoxton Shoreditch High Street Tower Gateway Rotherhithe Canada Water Surrey Quays Norwood Junction Croydon Tottenham Hale Hackney Central 2 Bethnal Green South Tottenham Blackhorse Road Walthamstow Queen s Road Homerton Limehouse Wapping New Cross 3 Hackney Wick Mile End Bow Church ferry Canary Wharf Heron Quays South Quay Crossharbour Mudchute Island Gardens Walthamstow Central Stratford International Leyton Midland Road Blackwall India Quay 2 Deptford Bridge Elverson Road Epping Theydon Bois Debden Loughton Buckhurst Hill Woodford South Woodford Snaresbrook Leytonstone Poplar Pudding Mill Lane East India Leyton Cutty Sark for Maritime Greenwich Greenwich Lewisham North Greenwich Emirates Greenwich Peninsula Roding Valley 4 Wanstead Leytonstone High Road Wanstead Park Stratford Woodgrange Park Ham Canning Town Chigwell 3 Hainault Fairlop Barkingside Newbury Park Redbridge Stratford High Street Abbey Road Star Lane Plaistow Grange Hill Gants Hill Royal Victoria 6 5 East Ham Upton Park 3 Emirates Royal Docks Pontoon Dock Barking Silvertown London City Airport Dagenham East Upney King George V Becontree Custom House for ExCeL 4 Upminster Bridge Hornchurch Dagenham Heathway Prince Regent Upminster Elm Park Royal Albert 4 Beckton Park Gallions Reach Cyprus Beckton Woolwich Arsenal

9 Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands Regional Characteristics Population 2,332,773 (2014, metropolitan region) GDP: US$322.3 billion (includes Rotterdam and other nearby cities) GVB is the local service provider serving Amsterdam and adjacent suburbs NS is the primary national rail provider, serving most cities and towns in the Netherlands Other service providers serve satellite towns throughout North Holland Types of Transit Rapid transit, and local transit are fully integrated within Amsterdam area, generally serving their own corridors Regional rail is part of the national rail network; some lines operate similar to suburban rail Regional rail operates as a separate network with some connections to rapid transit and local transit Regional Rail (all-day/peak) Rapid transit Suburban rail Local transit Mixed traffic Approach to Fares Regional and suburban rail: - Station distances converted to price units and fares based on total price units incurred Rapid transit and local transit: - Fare structure depends on fare product used - Single trips calculated using a base fare plus distance travelled fare - Multi-operator fare products use sub-municipal fare zones spanning the entire province of North Holland - Single-operator fare products cover entire service provider area No Peak or Time-of-Day Pricing Fare zones are roughly equal-sized, approximately 5 km in each direction Fare zones are sub-municipal, with approximately 4 zones for Amsterdam and 1 or 2 zones for other towns Fare zones boundaries often use barriers separating neighbourhoods or districts, such as watercourses, highways, and green corridors How do customers pay? Single-operator fare products available covering all services by that service provider - GVB products cover all of Amsterdam and adjacent suburbs Multi-operator products (excluding regional rail) available using fare zones - Customer chooses central zone and star value, representing the number of zones from the central zone Single-trip travel uses base fare plus km-based fare deducted from balance Zone-based product prices are consistent across region (e.g., two-zone products cost the same regardless of zones) OV-chipkaart is an electronic fare card used across the Netherlands and is the only form of ticketing used How do customers transfer? Transfer on GVB within 35 minutes considered as a continuous trip Transfers valid between GVB and surrounding local providers for some fare products No reduction in fare for transfers between NS and GVB

10 Map of Amsterdam metro and trams (left) and map of North Holland fare zones (right): Zonekaart Randstad Noord Zone Abonnement Source: GVB website, retrieved February 27, 2015

11 Hamburg, Germany Regional Characteristics Population ~5,000,000 (2012, metropolitan region) GDP: US$157 billion HVV is an association of 30+affiliated transport operators covering the entire Hamburg area DB Bahn AG operates regional rail services and also provides regional and intercity services throughout Germany Types of Transit Regional rail connects with suburban rail at many stations Suburban rail fully integrated with rapid transit, which is integrated with local transit; functions as one system Regional Rail (all-day/peak) Rapid transit Suburban rail Local transit Mixed traffic Approach to Fares Complex ring fare structure Hamburg and surrounding suburbs and rural areas are allocated into five fare rings (A-E) Each ring of zones divided in up to 20 segments per ring Fare products based on either rings or zones Some fare products offer reduced-fare travel after 9 AM; other fare products exclude both AM and PM peak periods Rings of zones are divided roughly equal Ring size of fare zones increases away from the financial district, but are ~10 km in radius downtown How do customers pay? Single and day tickets: Apply to one or more specific fare rings or Greater Hamburg Area Weekly / monthly / annual tickets: Apply to unlimited trips within Greater Hamburg Area and/or selected zones Product prices are consistent across region outside of Greater Hamburg Area Less-expensive short-journey tickets available within Greater Hamburg Area No electronic fare card used How do customers transfer? Single tickets valid for one trip only One-day tickets available and best fare if making 2 trips (transfers considered two trips)

12 A 1 Map of regional rail, S-Bahn, A-Bahn, U-Bahn, and HVV fare zones: RE 5 RB 33 RE6 RB61 RB71 RE 7 RE 70 RB 71 RE6 RE7 RB61 RE 70 RB 71 RE 5 RB 33 RE 5 RE4 RB41 Neumünster Schmalensee Groß Bornhöved Kummerfeld Zeichenerklärung / Key to signs Kleinkummerfeld Trappenkamp Neumünster Bezeichnung der Tarifringe Schlamersdorf C Description of fare rings Boostedt Rickling Brokenlande 904 Nr. der Tarifzone 204 Großenaspe Warder Number of fare zones 823 Wahlstedt Klein Rönnau Mönkhagen 803 Wiemersdorf Eekholt Strenglin Fahrenkrug 804 Tarifzonengrenzen 914 Neumünster/ Bad Bramstedt 813 Wittenborn Bad Segeberg Weede Kiel Armstedt Goldenbek Fare zone boundaries Hartenholm Mözen Zarpen Bad Bramstedt Kurhaus Tarifzonengrenze und Grenze Strukdorf Mönkloh Lentföhrden Todesfelde 703 Altengörs Lübeck des Großbereichs Hamburg (Ringe AB) 714 Dauenhof Struvenhütten Leezen Fare zone boundary and boundary of Nützen 724 Wakendorf 805 Hamberge 702 dodenhof Groß Seth Reinfeld Greater Hamburg Area (fare rings AB) Holstentherme Grönau 614 Sülfeld A Fresenburg Lutzhorn 614/703 Kaltenkirchen Kisdorf Sievershütten Kaltenkirchen Süd 915 Wesenberg Schnellbahnverkehr Grabau 705 Kronsforde Langeln Itzstedt Bad Oldesloe Henstedt-Ulzburg } Rapid Transit Rail (U/S/A-Bahn) 604 Bargfeld- 825 Barmstedt Wakendorf II Nahe Stegen Barnitz Horst Alveslohe Sparrieshoop Ulzburg Süd Barmstedt A 3 Brunnenstraße Regionalverkehr Meeschensee Wilstedt Kayhude Elmenhorst Lasbek Regional Rail Haslohfurth Itzehoe/ Husum Langenmoor Voßloch Hemdingen Tanneneck Kupfermühle Quickborner Str Bokholt Ellerau 503 Friedrichsgabe Tangstedt Bargteheide Berkenthin 602 Moorbekhalle A 2 Kastorf 603 Quickborn Timmerhorn U 1 705/715 Ratzeburg Geltungsraum des A 3 Norderstedt Mitte Quickborn Süd Area of Elmshorn Richtweg Gartenholz 916 Ohlstedt U /615 Borstel- Hasloh Garstedt Hammoor Ellerhoop Hohenraden Ammersbek Hoisbüttel Ahrensburg Ochsenzoll Großhansdorf Tornesch S 1 Buckhorn Buchenkamp Ost U 1 Mollhagen Klinkrade 906 Mustin Seestermühfeld Tangstedt Kiwittsmoor Kummer- S Langenhorn Nord Poppenbüttel Volksdorf Kiekut 615 Prisdorf Hoisdorf Heidgraben Ellerbek Bönningstedt Schmalenbeck Hamburg 402 Langenhorn Markt Wellingsbüttel Meiendorfer S 3 U 2 S 1 Weg 765 Niendorf Nord Fuhlsb. Nord Hoheneichen Oetjendorf Pinneberg 203 Berne 745 Burgwedel Fuhlsbüttel Schippelsweg Hamburg Kornweg Siek Nusse Geltungsraum des Thesdorf Airport Klein Borstel Ritzerau Joachim-Mähl-Str Ohlsdorf Farmsen Neuendeich Trabrennbahn Lütjensee Sandesneben Area of Halstenbek 405 Appen Linau Schnelsen Niendorf Markt Sengelmannstraße Hagendeel 103 Alsterdorf Rübenkamp 816 E 103/105 Großensee Grönwohld Hagenbecks Tierpark Wandsbek- Lattenkamp Alte Wöhr Sterley Gartenstadt Braak Mölln Hörgensweg Krupunder U 3 Rahlstedt Eidelstedt Lutterothstr. Habichtstr. Alter Teichweg Stapelfeld 101/ / Uetersen Moorrege Elbgaustr. Zentrum Hudtwalckerstr. D S 21 Straßburger Str. Trittau Osterstr. Koberg A 1 Eppendorfer 105 Hamfelde Hamburg-Harburg Baum Barmbek Emilienstr. Wandsbek Tonndorf Eidelstedt Christuskirchhusenstraße Friedrichs- 205 Großbereich 836 Kelling- U 3 Markt C Stellingen B Hamburg 806 Heist Langenfelde Dehnhaide berg Breitenfelde Gudow Schenefeld Hoheluftbrücke (Ringe AB) Klosterstern Diebsteich Alster Hamburger Wandsbeker Wandsbek Schlump Straße Ritter- Chauss. Barsbüttel Hallerstraße Str. Sternschanze Mundsburg Hasselbrook Dammtor 000 A 625/ Elbe Basthorst Talkau Güster S 1 S 11 Witzhave Holm Holstenstr. Uhlandstr. Messehallen Lübecker Str. Landwehr Grande Wartenau Stephansplatz Balje Freiburg Wischhafen 101 Feldstr. Gänse- Jungfern- Lohmühlenstr. Elmenhorst Haseldorf Wedel Rissen Glinde Altona markt stieg Hauptbahnhof S 2 Besenthal Oederquart S 31 Hornbek Krautsand Stadthausbrbergstr. 706 Rathaus Möncke- St. Pauli Horner U Berliner Tor 106 Rennbahn Mümmelmannsberg Friedrichsruh U 4 U 2 S 21 Schwarzenbek Königstr. Reeperbahn Rödingsmarkt Meßberg Steinstrbrook Rothenburgsort Müssen Hammer- Dornbusch Landungsbrücken Übersee- HafenCity Baumwall quartier Universität Aumühle Wohltorf Büchen 929 Tiefstack Reinbek Itzwörden Elbe Elbe S 2 Dassendorf 108 Bergedorf 726 Schwerin/ Rostock Assel Grünendeich Borstel Cranz Veddel Billwerder- Allermöhe 606 Hamwarde Moorfleet Drochtersen Börnsen Hollern- Jork Wilhelmsburg Kollow 716 Twielenfleth Mittlerer Nettelnburg 909 Escheburg Landweg Gülzow Steinkirchen 307 Bützfleth Mittelnkirchen Königreich Basedow S 31 RE 5 Agathenburg Geesthacht Neugraben 407 * Ring E. HVV-Tarif Großenwörden Stade HVV-Ergänzungs-, S 3 Harburg 729 Neuwiedenthal 318 Heimfeld Harburg 308 Marschacht gilt nur für Zeitkarten. 609 Rübke Rathaus Einzel-, Tages- und Gruppenkarten sind Dollern Tespe ungültig. Hammah Neuenkirchen Fischbek Estebrügge 507 Neu 616 Wiepenkathen Hittfeld Wulmstorf RE 4 RB 41 Meckelfeld Artlenburg Himmelpforten Rosen- 909 Schnakenbek Düdenbüttel Stelle Barum Amt 418 Seevetal 408 Maschen Hohnstorf 937* Cuxhaven garten Horneburg Rade Klecken Lauenburg Neuhaus 919 Heinbockel Ashausen Deinste Drage Fredenbeck Brietlingen Hittbergen 717 Bleckede 719 Harmstorf 727 Hagenah Darchau Oldendorf Bliedersdorf 618 Marxen Handorf Echem Gräpel 628 Lüdersburg Nottensdorf Mulsum 608 Wittorf 907 Estorf Neukloster Jesteburg Buxtehude Brackel Neu Radbruch Darchau 749/ Moisburg Wulfsen Rottorf Adendorf Wenzendorf Buchholz Asendorf Winsen 807 Groß Suerhop Garstedt Aspe Harsefeld Tosterglope Brest- Bardowick Hollenstedt Sprötze Vierhöfen Rullstorf Aspe Holm- Regesbostestedt Seppensen Reppen- Neetze Kutenholz Apensen Scharnebeck 817 Kirchgellersen 749 Rusch- Halves- Hanstedt Lüneburg Brest Trelde Garlstorf Thomasburg Bargstedt Salzhausen bostel Sülbeck wedel Kakenstorf Büsenbachtagellersen 747 Dahlem 617 er- 917 Beckdorf Bremerhaven Undeloh Egestorf Eyendorf Südergellersen Hitzacker Bavendorf Leitstade Heidenau Ahlerstedt Wiegersen 718 Reinstorf Dahlenburg Neetzendorf Göhrde Deutsch Wendisch Evern Evern Sauensiek Handeloh Dannenberg Ost Oldendorf Embsen Tostedt Evendorf 967 Wintermoor Barendorf Otter Soderstorf Wangersen Schneverdingen838* 857 Amelinghausen Barnstedt Vastorf * Ring E. HVV-Tarif Stand / Date of Issue : Wistedt Königsmoodorf gilt nur für Zeitkarten. Betzen- Wolterdingen HVV-Ergänzungs-, 847 Uelzen Grafik : HVV Einzel-, Tages- und Soltau Nord 918* Gruppenkarten sind Bremen Soltau ungültig. Sülldorf Iserbrook Blankenese Hochkamp Klein Flottbek Othmarschen Bahrenfeld Hannover RB 38 RE 4 RB 41 Sierichstr. Saarlandstr. Borgweg RE 3 RE 4 RE 5 RB 31 RB 41 RB 82 RE 3 Burgstr. Hammer Kirche Rauhes Haus RE 1 RE 3 RB 31 Legienstraße Billstedt RE 8 RE 80 RB 81 Merkenstraße Steinfurther Allee Elbe RE 3 RB 82 RE8 RE80 RB81 RB 32 RE 83 Tarifplan Fare Zone Plan Elbe RE 8 RE 80 RE 1 RB 11 RB 32 RE 83 RE 1 RB 11 RE 83 RE 83 RE 1 RB 32 Source: HVV website, retrieved January 9, 2015

13 Rhine-Ruhr (Cologne/Bonn/Düsseldorf), Germany Regional Characteristics Population ~11,000,000 (full region) GDP: US$465.2 billion Region has several core cities (Cologne, Bonn, Düsseldorf, Essen, Duisberg) and numerous surrounding smaller cities and towns VRR and VRS are associations of transport operators serving municipalities within the Rhine-Ruhr area: VRR covers the northern part of the region and serves most of the population, VRS covers the southern part of the region DB Bahn AG operates regional rail services and also provides regional and intercity services throughout Germany Types of Transit Regional rail connects with suburban rail at many stations Suburban rail is the backbone of the regional structure, connecting the different cities in the region Suburban rail fully integrated with rapid transit in each city, which is integrated with local transit; functions as one network Approach to Fares VRR and VRS each have their own fare structures serving their geographic jurisdictions, though they are similar Each fare structure divided into grid of zones Both VRR and VRS fare products are both accepted where boundary overlaps Some fare products offer reduced-fare travel after 9 AM Both fare structures divided into zones based on municipal boundaries; some large municipalities are divided into multiple zones and some small municipalities are grouped into 1 zone Zones are approximately km in each direction How do customers pay? Regional Rail (all-day/peak) In both fare structures, fare products are tied to a specific zone and are grouped into five price levels Lowest price level buys access to only 1 zone, increasing the price level buys access to an increasing radius from the home zone; highest price level buys access to entire VRR or VRS area Prices are generally consistent across region, though one-zone products are tiered based on transit availability in that zone (zones for large cities cost more because they have more extensive transit networks) Less-expensive short-journey tickets available for short trips Paper/plastic tickets No electronic fare card used, though tickets can be purchased and stored on phones How do customers transfer? Rapid transit Suburban rail Single tickets valid for one trip only with time-based transfers allowed (round trips not permitted) Transfers unlimited for period products (within zones of validity) Within VRR VRS overlap, validity of fare products from one region extends into the other Local transit Mixed traffic

14 S1 RE1 RE2 RE3 RE5 RE6 Rhein Map of VRR regional rail and S-Bahn (top) and map of VRR fare zones (bottom): Schienen-Schnellverkehr 2015 Weitere Linien finden Sie in den Linienplänen der örtlichen Verkehrsunternehmen und unter Bocholt Borken (f.) Coesfeld (f.) Münster (f.) Venlo (NL) RE13 RE10 Kleve Goch Breyell Weeze Rhein Bedburg-Hau Kevelaer Krefeld Boisheim Geldern Forsthaus Dülken Viersen Nieukerk Anrath Mönchengladbach RE10 RE13 RB33 RB33 RE11 RE11 Aldekerk RB33 RE11, RE13 RB27 RB33 RB34 RE4 RE8 RB33 RE4 RB33 RE4 Emmerich RE5 RB35 RB31 Kempen (Niederrhein) KR- Oppum RE11 RB33 RE7 10 Kleinenbroich MG- Lürrip Xanten Praest Alpen KR- Linn RE7 RE10 Kaarster See Kaarster Bahnhof Kaarst Mitte/ Holzbüttgen IKEA Kaarst Neuss RE4 RE4 RE13 RE13 S8 Millingen (b. Rees) Millingen (b. Rheinberg) 8 S8 RB38 RB38 8 RE7 RE7 RE10 RE7 S11 RB27 RE8 RE10 DU- Obermeiderich RB36 Rhein Duisburg KR- KR- Hohenbudberg Uerdingen Chempark RE11 RE11 RB33 RB33 RB31 RB31 Rheinhausehausen Ost feld Rhein- DU-Hoch- Süd Mehrhoog Empel- Rees Rheinberg (Rheinl.) Moers Meerbusch-Osterath Büttgen Holzheim (b. Neuss) Haldern (Rheinl.) Trompet RB31 DU-Meiderich Ost Rumeln Blumenkamp DU-Ruhrort NE Am Kaiser Wesel Feldmark DU-Meiderich Süd DU-Großenbaum Rhein RE7 S11 Dingden Hamminkeln DU-Schlenk DU-Buchholz D Flughafen Terminal RE5 RB35 Friedrichsfeld (Nrh.) Voerde (Nrh.) Dinslaken OB-Holten OB-Sterkrade DU-Rahm RB32 S3 RE3 RE5 RE5 RB33 RB35 RB33 RB35 D-Angermund RB35 RB37 RB35 RE4 RE10 RE13 RB38 S8 S11 8 D- Hamm barmen Oberhausen S3 S11 Wesel RB37 S1 D-Unterrath D-Derendorf D-Zoo D-Wehrhahn Düsseldorf D- Völklinger Str. OB- Osterfeld Süd DU-Wedau Marbeck-Heiden E-Dellwig Ost E-Gerschede E-Borbeck E-Borbeck Süd Mülheim (Ruhr) Korschenbroich RE1 RE2 RE6 RE11 S3 S1 S1 MH Styrum MH- DU-Bissingheim RE1 RE2 RE3 RE5 RE6 D- Bilk DU-Entenfang D Flughafen NE Rheinparkcenter D-Friedrichstadt Rhade Deuten Feldhausen (BOT) Freizeitpark Gladbeck-Zweckel Gladbeck BOT- Vonderort S1 S6 S11 Dorsten BOT-Boy S1 S6 S68 RE1 RE5 RE1 RE5 S6 S6 S68 RE1 RE5 Ruhr RB35 RE14 Hervest-Dorsten RB44 RE14 RB43 S9 S9 RE14 RB45 RB43 Bottrop RE1 RE2 RE6 RE11 RE14 S3 S1 S9 E-Frohnhausen E- D-Rath Mitte D-Rath Ratingen Ost S6 8 S9 Gelsenkirchen RB42 RE2 S6 W-Ronsdorf D-Volksgarten Kapellen- Neuss Süd Stand: Alle Angaben ohne Gewähr. D-Oberbilk S1 S1 S7 S7 RS-Lüttringhausen Wevelinghoven MG- MG- Rheydt Norf Genhausedahlebroich Rhein- D-Eller-Süd D-Eller D-Eller Hilden Hilden Süd SG Solingen- SG- SG- RS- RS- Greven- Mitte Vogelpark Grünewald Mitte Schaberg Güldenwerth Remscheid Lennep RE2 RegionalExpress mit Bahnhof Wegberg Neuss D-Reisholz Allerheiligen RB31 RegionalBahn mit Bahnhof RB34 RE8 RE8 RB27 RB27 Dalheim D-Benrath Leichlingen S-Bahn mit Bahnhof Rheydt- Hochneukirch D-Garath Übergang zur U-/Stadtbahn, Schwebebahn, SchnellBus Jüchen Nievenheim Odenkirchen Opladen D-Hellerhof Park and Ride-Anlage Gustorf Rommerskirchen Langenfeld-Berghausen Fahrrad-Abstellplatz Dormagen Wickrath Herrath Dormagen Köln / Bonn Flughafen Frimmersdorf Chempark VRR mit Verbundraumgrenze Langenfeld (Rheinl.) Aufzug, Rampe oder stufenloser Weg zwischen Straße und Erkelenz Bedburg (Erft) Stommeln Köln-Worringen Bahnsteig im Fahrzeugeinstieg Stufen möglich 4 Leverkusen- 5 Aufzug, Rampe oder stufenloser Weg zwischen Straße und Rheindorf Bahnsteig; behindertenfreundlicher Fahrzeugeinstieg Aachen Köln/ Köln/ Köln Köln / Leverkusen / Eine linienweise Darstellung mit dem barrierefreien Zugang zum Horrem Koblenz Aachen / Koblenz Bahnsteig und in das Fahrzeug ist unter zur Ansicht eingestellt. metropolradruhr Leihfahrradstation RE4 RE13 S8 8 S68 D- D- Erkrath Flingern Gerresheim Wanne- Eickel E-Kray Essen Süd E-Hügel RB40 RE1 RE6 RE11 RE16 S1 S3 S9 E-Steele E-Steele Ost Kettwig Stausee Hösel ME-Zentrum Stadtwald Mettmann 8 ME-Neanderthal Erkrath-Nord GE-Rotthausen E-Kray Nord RE13 S9 Marl- Hamm RB44 RE3 RE3 RE2 RE3 RB42 RB46 E-Dellwig E- E - Berge- Zoll- borbeck Lembeck Wulfen (f.) verein Nord GE-Hassel GE-Buer Nord Gladbeck Ost Reken GE- Buer Süd E-Süd E-Stadtwald E-Werden Kettwig Marl Mitte Erkrath Hochdahl GE- Zoo S9 E-Altenessen Hochdahl- Millrath RB43 RE2 RB42 RE7 RB48 RE7 RB48 RE2 RB42 E-Überruhr RB46 Ruhr E-Holthausen E-Kupferdreh Sythen Haltern am See Velbert-Nierenhof Marl-Sinsen Recklinghausen RE3 RB43 S3 S3 S9 Herne Castrop-Rauxel RE3 W- W-Zoologischer Stein- W- Sonnborn Garten beck Haan Solingen RB43 RB46 RE1 RE6 RE11 S1 RB40 RE16 Wuppertal hausen Castrop-Rauxel-Merklinde Castrop-Rauxel Süd Lütgendortmund Somborn Germania S4 S1 Kley Oespel DO Universität BO-Langendreer BO-Langendreer Bochum Wupper Nette/ Oestrich erfilde Huckarde RB43 RE1 RE6 RE11 RE16 RB40 S7 RB40 RE16 RE4 S5 Ruhr RE3 RE4 RE4 S5 RE1 S1 Witten Gevelsberg HA- Wetter (Ruhr) Vorhalle S5 RE4 RE16 RB40 S8 HA-Wehringhausen HA-Heubing RE4 RE7 RE13 S8 Wupper S8 S8 S4 Schwelm Schwelm RB43 RE3 S5 RB52 RB53 RB59 RE57 RB52 RE4 RE7 RE13 RB50 RB51 RE1 RE6 Lünen Scharnhorst RE3 RE11 Dortmund RE57 RB53 RB59 DO Signal Iduna Park Tierpark Kirchhörde Löttringhausen Wittbräucke Herdecke Hagen RB52 RB51 RB50 Schwerte (Ruhr) RE7 RE13 RE17 RB91 RE16 RB52 RB53 RB53 RE57 RE1 RE6 RE3 RE11 RB59 Aplerbeck RE7 RE13 RE17 RB53 RB91 RB91 RE16 RE16 Kaldenkirchen The network area Dülmen RE Süd BO- Riemke Velbert-Langenberg Velbert-Neviges E-Horst BO- Hamme BO-Dahlhausen Velbert-Rosenhügel Wülfrath-Aprath BO- Unna Unna Massen S4 Unna- Königsborn Wattenscheid RB40 RE1 RE6 RE11 RE16 S1 S1 E-Eiberg Wattenscheid- BO- Höntrop Ehrenfeld Hattingen (Ruhr) S4 S4 DO Möllerbrücke Körne schaftskranken- Asseln Knapp- DOhaus Mitte HER- Börnig Hattingen (Ruhr) Mitte Mengede Haan Gruiten W-Vohwinkel RB48 RB48 RB48 S7 RE4 RE13 RE4 RE13 RE4 RE13 RE4 RE13 S8 S68 S8 S9 S8 S9 S8 RE7 RE7 RE7 W- Unter- Böving- W- Barmen Lütgendortmund Nord W- Oberbarmen W- Langerfeld Marten Witten- Annen Nord HA-erbauer Gevelsberg-Knapp Gevelsberg-Kipp Gevelsberg Rahm Wischlingen Marten Süd RE4 RE6 RE11 S1 S4 Dorstfeld DO Dorstfeld Süd Kruckel Huckarde Nord Barop Enschede (NL) Coesfeld (f.) Bork (f.) Kirchderne Stadthaus Derne Ennepetal (Gevelsberg) Münster (f.) Preußen Körne Hohenlimburg HA-Oberhagen Dahl Hörde Rummenohl Werne a. d. Lippe Kurl Dahlerbrück Brackel Ergste Lüdenscheid Kamen Kamen-Methler Wickede Wickede Aplerbeck Süd Letmathe RE17 RE57 Ruhr RB91 RE16 Minden Bielefeld Paderborn Hamm (f.) Nordbögge Sölde Holzwickede Iserlohn Altena (f.) Iserlohn Werdohl RB59 RE7 RE13 Siegen Finnentrop RB59 Lünern RB54 Kassel Winterberg Warburg RE7 RE7 RE13 RE13 Hemmerde Münster (f.) Hamm (f.) Frömern Fröndenberg Neuenrade Bönen Soest Verkehrsgemeinschaft Münsterland (VGM) More information at 60 Nijmegen 68 Groesbeek 9292ov (Netherlands) More information at Aachener Verkehrsverbund (AVV) More information at 59 Millingen a. d. Rijn 07 s-heerenberg Emmerich Borken** 7590 ** Isselburg* Bocholt* Heiden Reken Kranenburg 79 Rhede* Kleve Rees Verkehrsgemeinschaft Bedburg-Hau Raesfeld** Haltern Ruhr-Lippe (VRL) Kalkar Hamminkeln More information at Dorsten 18 Olfen Goch/ Uedem Xanten Schermbeck/ 15 Oer-Erkenschwick/Datteln Weeze Wesel Hünxe Marl Sonsbeck 2190 Bergkamen Waltrop Dinslaken Recklinghausen/ Lünen 85 Alpen /Voerde 25 Herten 2390 Kevelaer 28 Kamen 12 Bottrop/ 26 Castrop- Gelsenkirchen 37 Rauxel 04 Rheinberg Gladbeck Geldern/ Kamp- 24 Herne Dortmund Unna Issum Dortmund Lintfort 23 Oberhausen 35 Ost Mitte/ Duisburg 11 Nord Essen Neukirchen- Mitte/Nord Bochum Straelen Kerken/ Vluyn/ Holzwickede Venlo Wachtendonk Rheurdt Moers 34 Witten/ Schwerte 33 Mülheim/ 45 Wetter/ Duisburg Ruhr Essen Herdecke Mitte/Süd 21 Süd VRR tariff only applies to Kempen/ 32 Hattingen/ 55 Hagen Sprockhövel certain routes and only in Grefrath/ Krefeld 44 Tönisvorst Velbert 67 transit. 20 Ratingen/ Schwelm/ Nettetal/ 42 Heiligenhaus Ennepetal/ * Brüggen Meerbusch Gevelsberg/ VRR tariff applies to all 43 Mettmann/ Breckerfeld Viersen Willich 66 Düsseldorf Wülfrath 65 routes only in transit. Wuppertal 30 Mitte/Nord Wuppertal SchokoTickets are only Schwalmtal/ Ost Niederkrüchten valid for schoolchildren on Korschenbroich Neuss/ Düsseldorf Haan/ 75 all routes whose journeys Erkrath/ 50 ** 70 Mönchengladbach Kaarst Süd Hilden 74 Remscheid to and from school cross Solingen the VRR borders, and then Wegberg 73 only in transit Langenfeld/ KombiTickets are not valid. Jüchen 61 Dormagen Monheim Grevenbroich VRR tarif only applies to 63 Rommerskirchen routes in transit. Source: VRR website, retrieved February 27, 2015 Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg (VRS) More information at * SchokoTickets, VRR-Semestertickets and BärenTickets are only valid on VRR routes. ** BärenTickets in price leven D, North region do not apply. Price level D, North region Price level D, South region Price level E VRR-Tarif gilt nur auf bestimmten Linien und nur im Übergang. VRR-Tarif gilt auf allen Linien nur im Übergang. Schoko- Tickets gelten nur für Schüler auf allen Linien, deren Schulfahrten über die VRR-Grenzen hinausgehen, und dies nur im Übergang. KombiTickets gelten nicht. VRR-Tarif gilt auf allen Linien nur im Übergang. SchokoTickets, VRR-Semestertickets und BärenTickets gelten nur auf VRR-Linien. BärenTickets mit Preisstufe D, Region Nord gelten nicht. Preisstufe D, Region Nord Preisstufe D, Region Süd Preisstufe E

15 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Regional Characteristics Population 4,442,919 (2014, Greater Melbourne) GDP: US$166.2 billion Public Transport Victoria is a state-level authority responsible for managing public transit in the state of Victoria Types of Transit V-Line regional rail focused on suburb-city demand (13 zones) Melbourne metropolitan trains, trams and buses focus on trips within core metro area (Zones 1 and 2) Regional Rail (all-day/peak) Rapid transit Suburban rail Local transit Mixed traffic Approach to Fares 13 zones, though Zones 1 and 2 cover Greater Melbourne Local bus in most outlying towns also integrated into the 13-zone structure Adjacent fare zones overlap so that boundary areas fall in 2 or more zones Regional rail: Off-peak discount of 30% when travelling 3 or more zones on V/Line regional rail Radius of Zone 1 is approximately km, radius of Zone 2 is approximately 50 km Zones 3 13 are approximately 10 km each and cover satellite towns / cities Fare zone overlaps are generally 2 5 km wide How do customers pay? Fare products provide access to specific zones Myki electronic fare card accepted on all transit (except outer segments of V-Line) Single-trip products available for all services, daily capping applies when using Myki card Period products can be selected for any duration up to 365 days Zones 3 13 are priced equally Zone 1 2 fares are equal to Zone 1 only fares; travel only within Zone 2 is less expensive Zoned fare products not valid on non-myki segments of V-Line Paper tickets required for travel beyond zone 13 and on buses in some satellite towns How do customers transfer? Single-trip fare valid for 2 hours, including transfers and stopovers Longer validity for zone products covering at least 6 zones Unlimited trips across all modes (for specific zones) when daily cap reached

16 POrT train network map Melbourne Map of Metro train network Trains with fare zones (left) and map of V-Line regional rail and fare zones (right): sunbury Diggers Rest Watergardens V/LINE Laverton Aircraft Williams Landing (opening 2013) Hoppers Crossing WerrIBee Keilor Plains St Albans Ginifer ona # Showgrounds # FLEMINGTON RACECOURSE Albion Seddon Yarraville Spotswood craigieburn Roxburgh Park Coolaroo Melton Rockbank Deer Park Ardeer Sunshine Tottenham Footscray Middle Footscray Footscray South Kensington Seaholme Altona Broadmeadows Jacana Glenroy Oak Park Pascoe Vale Strathmore Glenbervie Essendon Moonee Ponds Ascot Vale Newmarket Kensington Southern Cross south MOrANG Epping Lalor Thomastown upfield Keon Park Gowrie Ruthven Fawkner Reservoir Merlynston Regent Batman Preston Coburg Bell Moreland Thornbury Anstey Croxton Brunswick Northcote Jewell Merri Royal Park Rushall Flemington Clifton Hill Bridge Macaulay North Melbourne *Flagstaff city Loop Melbourne Central Parliament Jolimont Flinders Street Newport North Williamstown South Yarra Williamstown Beach Prahran WILLIAMsTOWN Windsor Balaclava Ripponlea Elsternwick Gardenvale PhILLIP North Brighton Middle Brighton Brighton Beach Hampton sandringham hurstbridge Wattle Glen Diamond Creek Eltham Montmorency Greensborough Watsonia Macleod Rosanna Heidelberg Eaglemont Ivanhoe Darebin Alphington Fairfield Dennis garth Victoria Park Collingwood North Richmond Richmond Richmond East Richmond Burnley Hawthorn Glenferrie Auburn Camberwell East Camberwell Canterbury Chatham Surrey Hills Mont Albert Laburnum Blackburn Nunawading Mitcham Heatherdale Ringwood LILYDALe Mooroolbark Croydon Ringwood East Heyington Riversdale Heathmont Kooyong Willison Bayswater Tooronga Hartwell Boronia Gardiner Burwood Hawksburn Ferntree Gully Glen Iris Ashburton Toorak Upper Ferntree Gully Darling Armadale ALAMeIN Upwey East Malvern Malvern Tecoma Holmesglen Caulfield BeLGrAVe Jordanville Carnegie Glenhuntly Mount Waverley Murrumbeena Syndal Ormond Hughesdale Oakleigh GLeN WAVerLeY McKinnon Huntingdale Bentleigh Clayton Patterson all Springvale Moorabbin Sandown Park Highett Noble Park Cheltenham Yarraman Dandenong Mentone Hallam Lynbrook Parkdale Narre Warren Merinda Park Mordialloc Berwick cranbourne Beaconsfield Aspendale Officer Edithvale Cardinia Road Box Hill Chelsea PAKeNhAM Bonbeach Carrum Seaford Kananook FrANKsTON Leawarra Baxter Somerville Tyabb Hastings DIESEL SERVICE Bittern Morradoo Crib Point stony POINT NORTH MAP NOT TO SCALE Effective 18 November 2012 Information For more information visit ptv.vic.gov.au or call (6am midnight daily) Ticketing zones Zone 1 Zone 2 Connecting tram Connecting bus Connecting V/Line train Connecting V/Line coach Premium Station Host Station Parking Premium Station: Customer service centre is staffed from first train to last, seven days a week. Host Station: Customer service staff at station during morning peak. Source: PTV website, retrieved February 27, 2015 *Flagstaff Station is closed on weekends and public holidays. #Line to Showgrounds and Flemington Racecourse is only open for special events. Public Transport Development Authority (operating as Public Transport Victoria) 2012