Adsorption Technology in Water Treatment

Transkript

1 Adsorption Technology in Water Treatment Fundamentals, Processes, and Modelling Bearbeitet von Eckhard Worch 1. Auflage Buch. XII, 344 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 17 x 24 cm Gewicht: 719 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Verfahrenstechnik, Chemieingenieurwesen, Lebensmitteltechnik > Chemische Reaktionstechnik (incl. Katalyse, Elektrolyse) schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Preface xi 1 Introduction Basic concepts and definitions Adsorption as a surface process Some general thermodynamic considerations Adsorption versus absorption Description of adsorption processes: The structure of the adsorption theory Engineered adsorption processes in water treatment Overview Drinking water treatment Wastewater treatment Hybrid processes in water treatment Natural sorption processes in water treatment Adsorbents and adsorbent characterization Introduction and adsorbent classification Engineered adsorbents Activated carbon Polymeric adsorbents Oxidic adsorbents Synthetic zeolites Natural and low-cost adsorbents Geosorbents in environmental compartments Adsorbent characterization Densities Porosities External surface area Internal surface area Pore-size distribution Surface chemistry Adsorption equilibrium I: General aspects and single-solute adsorption Introduction Experimental determination of equilibrium data Basics

3 VI Practical aspects of isotherm determination Isotherm equations for single-solute adsorption Classification of single-solute isotherm equations Irreversible isotherm and one-parameter isotherm Two-parameter isotherms Three-parameter isotherms Isotherm equations with more than three parameters Prediction of isotherms Temperature dependence of adsorption Slurry adsorber design General aspects Single-stage adsorption Two-stage adsorption Application of isotherm data in kinetic or breakthrough curve models Adsorption equilibrium II: Multisolute adsorption Introduction Experimental determination of equilibrium data Overview of existing multisolute adsorption models Multisolute isotherm equations The ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) Basics of the IAST Solution to the IAST for given equilibrium concentrations Solution to the IAST for given initial concentrations The ph dependence of adsorption: A special case of competitive adsorption Adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) The significance of NOM in activated carbon adsorption Modeling of NOM adsorption: The fictive component approach (adsorption analysis) Competitive adsorption of micropollutants and NOM Slurry adsorber design for multisolute adsorption Basics NOM adsorption Competitive adsorption of micropollutants and NOM Nonequilibrium adsorption in slurry reactors Special applications of the fictive component approach

4 VII 5 Adsorption kinetics Introduction Mass transfer mechanisms Experimental determination of kinetic curves Mass transfer models General considerations Film diffusion Surface diffusion Pore diffusion Combined surface and pore diffusion Simplified intraparticle diffusion model (LDF model) Reaction kinetic models Adsorption kinetics in multicomponent systems Practical aspects: Slurry adsorber design Adsorption dynamics in fixed-bed adsorbers Introduction Experimental determination of breakthrough curves Fixed-bed process parameters Material balances Types of material balances Integral material balance Differential material balance Practical aspects Introduction Typical operating conditions Fixed-bed versus batch adsorber Multiple adsorber systems Fixed-bed adsorber design Introduction and model classification Scale-up methods Mass transfer zone (MTZ) model Length of unused bed (LUB) model Rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) Equilibrium column model (ECM) Complete breakthrough curve models Introduction Homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) Constant pattern approach to the HSDM (CPHSDM)

5 VIII Linear driving force (LDF) model Comparison of HSDM and LDF model Simplified breakthrough curve models with analytical solutions Determination of model parameters General considerations Single-solute adsorption Competitive adsorption in defined multisolute systems Competitive adsorption in complex systems of unknown composition Special applications of breakthrough curve models Micropollutant adsorption in presence of natural organic matter Biologically active carbon filters Desorption and reactivation Introduction Physicochemical regeneration processes Desorption into the gas phase Desorption into the liquid phase Reactivation Geosorption processes in water treatment Introduction Experimental determination of geosorption data The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and the retardation concept Simplified method for determination of R d from experimental breakthrough curves Breakthrough curve modeling Introduction and model classification Local equilibrium model (LEM) Linear driving force (LDF) model Extension of the local equilibrium model Combined sorption and biodegradation General model approach Special case: Natural organic matter (NOM) sorption and biodegradation The influence of ph and NOM on geosorption processes ph-dependent sorption Influence of NOM on micropollutant sorption Practical aspects: Prediction of subsurface solute transport General considerations

6 IX Prediction of sorption coefficients Prediction of the dispersivity Appendix Conversion of Freundlich coefficients Evaluation of surface diffusion coefficients from experimental data Constant pattern solution to the homogeneous surface diffusion model (CPHSDM) Nomenclature References Index