Programmieren mobiler Geräte

Transkript

1 Datum Technologie Entwicklung Werkzeug Übung Grundlagen Überblick Ant Kompilieren WLAN, BT Eclipse Projektverwaltung GSM Eclipse Debugging WAP, WML, WMLS XML Nokia Toolkit WML, WMLS WAP, SMS, MMS XML JAVA mobil Einführung J2ME J2ME Toolkit Erste Schritte MIDP 1.0 GUI POSE Grafik JSR RMS+IO RMS MIDP 2.0 Media+Game Vernetzte Systeme Grundlagen Netzwerke Tomcat Servlet Projektvergabe SMS, MMS Kannel SMS Service Cocoon Präsentationen 1

2 Graphical User Interface High-level API Portability, high Abstraction, little Control keine genaue Definition des Erscheinungsbildes Low Level expliziter Zugriff auf alle Tasten, alle Pixel Verlust der automatischen Portabilität Portabilität muss anders gewährleistet werden eigene Version für jede Natel-Klasse Verwenden abstrahierter Tastenbelegung und Bldschirmgrössenabfrage Abfangen von Spezialfällen (Palm ohne Tastatur etc) Event Handling CommandListener andere Listener 2

3 high-level UI API Portability, high Abstraction, little Control keine Definition des Erscheinungsbildes Enthält grafische Komponenten, die je nach Endgerät ganz verschieden aussehen können. Navigation, Scrolling etc werden gekapselt, d.h. man braucht sich bei der Applikations-Entwicklung nicht damit zu befassen Die Gauge Komponente auf verschiedenen Geräten 3

4 low-level UI API Wenig Abstraktion Prezise Plazierung von graphischen Elementen Eingabe über spezifische Tasten / Stylus z.b. wichtig für Spiele Wichtige Klassen : Canvas and Graphics. Nicht apriori portabel es ist möglich Pixel und Tasten einzeln anzusteuern Portabel nur wenn beschränkt auf device-unabhängige Eigenschaften keine konkrete Tasten-Belegung, sondern GameCanvas verwenden keine impliziten Bedingungen an Bildschirmgrösse (ev. Abfrage) 4

5 Klassen-Hierarchie Displayable Objekt Kapselt geräte-abhängiges Rendering nur ein Displayable gleichzeitig sichtbar optional : Title, Ticker, Commands Screen Objekte high-level GUI Gewährleistet Rendering, Interaktion, Scrolling, etc 3 Unterarten von Screen Komplexe UI Komponenten : List, TextBox, etc Generische Screens: Form Objekt mit Item Objekten Text, Image, etc Unterklassen von Canvas (low-level API) Display Klasse ist der Display Manager wird von jedem MIDlet instanziert und kennt Bildschirm-Eigenschaften Display.setCurreent(myDisplayable); 5

6 MIDP UI Class Diagram 6

7 high-level Commands & Actions public class mymidlet extends Midlet implements CommandListener.. static final Command backcommand = new Command( Back, Command.BACK, 1);.. public mymidlet() display = Display.getDisplay(this); public void startapp() myscreen = new List( meine Liste, Choice.IMPLICIT) myscreen.addcommand(backcommand); Display.setCurrent(myScreen);.. void commandaction(command c, Displayable d); String label = c.getlabel(); if (label.equals( Back )) Display.setCurrent(myScreen);... 7

8 high-level Screen Klassen Vordefinierte List TextBox Alert Konfigurierbare Form kann Items enthalten TextFields ChoicGroup Gauge ImageItem StringItem CustomItem exclusive 8

9 Events Listener für Items in einem Form Interface ItemStateListener analog zum CommandListener void itemstatechanged(item item); wacht über Änderungen in Gauge, ChoiceGroup, TextField 9

10 low-level Events Ereignisse für ITU-T keypad (0-9, *, #) public void keypressed(int keycode); public void keyreleased(int keycode); public void keyrepeated(int keycode); public static boolean hasrepeatevents() Canvas hat abstrahierte Tastenbelegung: UP, DOWN,LEFT, RIGHT, FIRE, GAME_A, GAME_B, GAME_C, and GAME_D. weiteres dazu im Game API in 2 Wochen public void pointerpressed(int x, int y); public void pointerreleased(int x, int y); public void pointerdragged(int x, int y); 10

11 Bild darstellen : high-level private Form picform;... picform = new Form("Commands"); picform.append(gauge1); Image img = Image.createImage("/midp/uidemo/JavaPowered-8.png"); append(new ImageItem("Default Layout",img,ImageItem.LAYOUT_DEFAULT,"Image Cannot be shown")); einfach, wenig Einfluss auf Layout und Auffrischen 11

12 low-level Grafik Repainting ist für die Klasse Canvas nicht automatisch repaint() paint() zeichnet aktuellen Canvas-Inhalt Grafik Rendering direkt oder in off-line Buffer g = Image.getGraphics(); g.setcolor( red, green, blue); g.fillrect(0,0,12,12); (0,0) Koordinatensystem oben links (0,0) mycanvas.getheigth(); Events+Grafik : thread-safe 12

13 RGB Farben Rot-Grün-Blau Tripel von Werten Additive Farbmischung z.b. g.setcolor(255, 0, 0); ergibt ROT. FARBE Rot Grün Blau Weiss Schwarz Grau A A A Gelb Lila Türkis Gegensatz: CMYK, HSB 13

14 Graphics Klasse Die Klasse Graphics wird von der paint Methode bereitgestellt. public void paint(graphics g) g.setcolor(255,255,255); g.drawline(startx, starty, stopx, stopy); g.drawrect(obenlinksx, obenlinksy, untenrechtsx, untenrechtsy); g.drawstring(mystring, posx, posy, AnkerPunkt); Image img = Image.createImage( meinbild.png ); g.drawimage(img, posx, posy, AnkerPunkt); Sie ermöglicht die Bildbearbeitung: Zeichnen von primitiven Grafik-Typen (Linien, Ovale, Rechtecke, Bogen etc) Text Bilder 14

15 Bilder darstellen: ohne Buffer import javax.microedition.midlet.*; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; import java.util.*; public class Olympics extends MIDlet implements CommandListener private Command exitcommand; private Display display; private OlympicsCanvas screen; public Olympics() // Get the Display object for the MIDlet display = Display.getDisplay(this); // Create the Exit command exitcommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 2); // Create the main screen form screen = new OlympicsCanvas(); // Set the Exit command screen.addcommand(exitcommand); screen.setcommandlistener(this); public void startapp() throws MIDletStateChangeException // Set the current display to the screen display.setcurrent(screen); midlet command graphics public void pauseapp() public void destroyapp(boolean unconditional) public void commandaction(command c, Displayable s) if (c == exitcommand) destroyapp(false); notifydestroyed(); class OlympicsCanvas extends Canvas public void paint(graphics g) // Draw the first row of circles g.setcolor(0, 0, 255); // Blue g.drawarc(5, 5, 25, 25, 0, 360); g.setcolor(0, 0, 0); // Black g.drawarc(35, 5, 25, 25, 0, 360); g.setcolor(255, 0, 0); // Red g.drawarc(65, 5, 25, 25, 0, 360); // Draw the second row of circles g.setcolor(255, 255, 0); // Yellow g.drawarc(20, 20, 25, 25, 0, 360); g.setcolor(0, 255, 0); // Green g.drawarc(50, 20, 25, 25, 0, 360); 15

16 Bild darstellen low-level mit Buffer public PartCanvas() Buffer Bild für Zwischenspeicherung buffer = Image.createImage(128, 128); update() Methode für kontrolliertes Auffrischen public void update() Source-Bild aus System.err.println(uri); JAR holen source = Image.createImage(uri); Graphics Objekt für g = buffer.getgraphics(); Bildbearbeitung g.drawimage(source, 0, heigth, g.top g.left); repaint(); Source-Bild in den Buffer Auffrischen / Neu-Malen protected void paint(graphics g) try g.drawimage(buffer, 0, 0, g.top g.left); g.setcolor(255, 0, 0); rot Buffer-Bild in die aktuelle Canvas kopieren g.drawstring(message, getwidth() / 2, 20, g.top g.hcenter); catch (Exception e) System.err.println(e + " : error in paint()"); message String 20 Pixel von oben zentriert einschreiben komplizierter, Kontrolle über Layout und Auffrischungen, Bildbearbeitung möglich 16

17 J2ME Over The Air Provisioning MIME Types anpassen ( z.b. in Apache/conf/httpd.conf ) # MIME type Extension application/java-archive text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jar jad 17

18 Deployment aufs Mobil-Telefon Server-side Build Package Upload JAD+JAR to Server ev. WML-File mit Links erstellen Client-side im WAP-Browser URL-Link zu JAD eingeben oder Goto WML-Site URL-Links zu JAD Download / Info / Memory Status 18

19 Preferences 19

20 Memory Überwachung 20

21 Memory Loch Vector vec = new Vector(); for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++) vec.addelement(new Object()); 21

22 Profiler Name: java.io.reader.read Count: Anzahl Ausführung Cycles: Ausführungszeit %Cycles: % Anteil der Ausführungszeit Count With Children: Anzahl Ausführung mit Kindern %Count With Children: % Anteil der Ausführungszeit 22

23 Profiler 23

24 Profiler 24

25 CLDC Libraries: java.lang.* Boolean Byte Character Class Integer Long Math Object Runnable Runtime Short String StringBuffer System Thread Throwable 25

26 CLDC Libraries: java.util.* Calendar Date Enumeration Hashtable Random Stack TimeZone Vector 26

27 Package animated Timer Start Thread Objekt 27

28 Package animated Timer Start Support Objekt Display Objekte Thread Objekt 28

29 package animatedtimer; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; import java.util.*; public class DisplayManager extends Stack private Display display; // Reference to Display object private Displayable maindisplayable; // Main displayable for MIDlet private Alert alstackerror; // Alert for error conditions /* * Display manager constructor * */ public DisplayManager(Display display, Displayable maindisplayable) // Only one display object per midlet, this is it this.display = display; Setzen der privaten Klassenvariablen this.maindisplayable = maindisplayable; // Create an alert displayed when an error occurs alstackerror = new Alert("Displayable Stack Error"); alstackerror.settimeout(alert.forever); // Modal 29

30 /* * Push the current displayable onto stack and set * the passed in displayable as active * */ public void pushdisplayable(displayable newdisplayable) push(display.getcurrent()); display.setcurrent(newdisplayable); Aktuellen Screen auf den Stack speichern, neuen Screen setzen /* * Return to the main displayable object of MIDlet * */ public void home() while (elementcount > 1) pop(); 1. Screen vom Stack holen display.setcurrent(maindisplayable); 30

31 /* * Pop displayable from stack and set as active * */ public void popdisplayable() // If the stack is not empty, pop next displayable if (empty() == false) display.setcurrent((displayable) pop()); else // On error show an alert // Once acknowledged, set 'maindisplayable' as active display.setcurrent(alstackerror, maindisplayable); Screen vom Stack holen 31

32 package animatedtimer; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; class OptionsList extends List implements CommandListener private AnimatedTimer midlet; // Main midlet private Command cmback; public OptionsList(String title, int listtype, AnimatedTimer midlet) // Call list constructor super(title, listtype); Konstruktur von Mutter Objekt aufrufen // Save reference to MIDlet so we can // access the display manager class this.midlet = midlet; Referenz auf AnimatedTimer Objekt // Create the list entries in Klassenvariable speichern. append("sleep interval", null); append("start", null); Listeneinträge vorbereiten append("stop", null); // Create command and listen for events cmback = new Command("Back", Command.BACK, 1); addcommand(cmback); Zurück Kommando hinzufügen setcommandlistener(this); 32

33 public void commandaction(command c, Displayable s) if (c == List.SELECT_COMMAND) switch (getselectedindex()) case 0: // Push current displayable and show the form to adjust the timer sleep midlet.displaymgr.pushdisplayable(midlet.fmsleep); break; case 1: midlet.cvtimer.starttimer(); // Start timer and return to previous displayable midlet.displaymgr.popdisplayable(); break; case 2: midlet.cvtimer.stoptimer(); // Stop timer and return to previous displayable midlet.displaymgr.popdisplayable(); break; else if (c == cmback) midlet.displaymgr.popdisplayable(); // Return to previous displayable 33

34 package animatedtimer; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; public class SleepForm extends Form implements CommandListener private AnimatedTimer midlet; // Main midlet private Command cmback, // Back to options list cmhome, // Go to main displayable (canvas) cmsave; // Save new sleep time private Gauge gasleep; // Gauge to adjust sleep public SleepForm(String title, AnimatedTimer midlet) // Call the form constructor super(title); // Save reference to MIDlet so we can // access the display manager class this.midlet = midlet; // Commands cmsave = new Command("Save", Command.SCREEN, 1); cmback = new Command("Back", Command.BACK, 2); cmhome = new Command("Home", Command.SCREEN, 2); 34

35 (Titel, interaktiv, Max, Start) // Gauge to adjust the length of timer sleep gasleep = new Gauge("Timer Sleep", true, 100, 1000); // Set to current sleep. Gauge holds values 0 to 100, // divide the current sleep (milliseconds) by 10 gasleep.setvalue(midlet.cvtimer.getsleep() / 10); // Add to form and listen for events append(gasleep); addcommand(cmsave); addcommand(cmback); addcommand(cmhome); setcommandlistener(this); Zugriff auf getsleep Methode via Klassenvariable cvtimer von der Hauptklasse 35

36 /* Command event handling --*/ public void commandaction(command c, Displayable s) if (c == cmsave) // Gauge returns a value between 0 and 100 // We want milliseconds, so multiply by 10 midlet.cvtimer.setsleep(gasleep.getvalue() * 10); // Return to main midlet midlet.displaymgr.home(); else if (c == cmback) // Pop the last displayable off the stack midlet.displaymgr.popdisplayable(); else if (c == cmhome) // Return to main midlet midlet.displaymgr.home(); 36

37 package animatedtimer; import javax.microedition.midlet.*; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; public class AnimatedTimer extends MIDlet private Display display; // The display protected TimerCanvas cvtimer; // Canvas to display timer protected OptionsList lsoptions; // List to change timer options protected SleepForm fmsleep; // Form with gauge to set timer sleep protected DisplayManager displaymgr; // Class to help manage screens public AnimatedTimer() display = Display.getDisplay(this); cvtimer = new TimerCanvas(this); lsoptions = new OptionsList("Timer options", List.IMPLICIT, this); fmsleep = new SleepForm("Adjust sleep", this); // Create a display manager object displaymgr = new DisplayManager(display, cvtimer); Referenz auf die Mutterklasse 37

38 protected void startapp() // Start with the canvas display.setcurrent(cvtimer); protected void pauseapp() protected void destroyapp( boolean unconditional ) public void exitmidlet() destroyapp(true); notifydestroyed(); 38

39 package animatedtimer; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; public class TimerCanvas extends Canvas implements Runnable, CommandListener private AnimatedTimer midlet; // Main midlet private Command cmexit; // Exit midlet Thread Interface private Command cmoptions; // Display options list private Image im = null; // Sequence of images private int imagecount = 4; // Four images in the sequence private int imagewidth; // Width of one image in the sequence private int imageheight; // Height of one image in the sequence private int imageindex; // Current image in the sequence private int translate_x; // Translated x and y private int translate_y; private int viewport_x; // Location of the viewport private int viewport_y; private boolean active = false; // Timer active? private boolean requestedtostop = false; // Did user request to stop timer private int sleeptime = 400; // Current sleep time (milliseconds) 39

40 public TimerCanvas(AnimatedTimer midlet) // Call canvas constructor super(); // Save reference to MIDlet so we can // access the display manager class this.midlet = midlet; // Create commands & listen for events cmexit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1); cmoptions = new Command("Config", Command.SCREEN, 2); addcommand(cmexit); addcommand(cmoptions); setcommandlistener(this); 40

41 /* * Application manager is about to display canvas * */ protected void shownotify() if (im == null) Nur einmal Bild laden! try // Read the png from a file and get width and height of one image im = Image.createImage("/timer.png"); imageheight = im.getheight(); imagewidth = im.getwidth() / imagecount; // Get the coordinates for x/y of viewport, Viewport is centered viewport_x = (getwidth() / 2 ) - (imagewidth / 2); viewport_y = (getheight() / 2 ) - (imageheight / 2); // Set first translated coordinate to match viewport translate_x = viewport_x; translate_y = viewport_y; catch (Exception e) System.err.println("Unable to read png file."); 41

42 getwidth() viewport_x = (getwidth() / 2 ) - (imagewidth / 2); viewport_y = (getheight() / 2 ) - (imageheight / 2); im.getwidth() / imagecount 42

43 // Begin with the first image in the sequence imageindex = 0; // If the user has not requested to stop the timer... if (!requestedtostop) active = true; Bild wird angezeigt new Thread(this).start(); Start Methode dieses Threads ausführen. /* * Application manager is no longer displaying canvas * */ protected void hidenotify() active = false; Bild soll nicht mehr angezeigt werden. 43

44 TimerCanvas.java /* * Draw next timer in sequence * */ protected void paint(graphics g) if (im!= null) // Due to a bug in MIDP we need to // force a clear of the display g.setcolor(255, 255, 255); // White pen g.fillrect(0, 0, getwidth(), getheight()); g.setcolor(0, 0, 0); // Black pen // Viewport at center of display g.setclip(viewport_x, viewport_y, imagewidth, imageheight); Clip // Draw image at translated coordinates g.drawimage(im, translate_x, translate_y, Graphics.TOP Graphics.LEFT); 44

45 /* Loop forever, translating image coordinates ----*/ public void run() try while (active) Bild aktiv? Thread.sleep(sleepTime); repaint(); Bild zeichnen if (imageindex == imagecount - 1) // Reached the last image in sequence translate_x = viewport_x; // Reset translated coordinates translate_y = viewport_y; else translate_x -= imagewidth; // Translate coordinate system to the left // Which image in the sequence is next imageindex = (imageindex + 1) % imagecount; catch (InterruptedException e) 45

46 /* * Called from the "Config" options menu * */ public void starttimer() requestedtostop = false; active = true; repaint(); /* * Called from the "Config" options menu * */ public void stoptimer() requestedtostop = true; active = false; repaint(); 46

47 /* * Called from form/gauge to adjust sleep */ public void setsleep(int sleeptime) this.sleeptime = sleeptime; public int getsleep() return sleeptime; public void commandaction(command c, Displayable s) if (c == cmoptions) // Push current displayable and show the options list midlet.displaymgr.pushdisplayable(midlet.lsoptions); else if (c == cmexit) midlet.exitmidlet(); Departement Informatik 47