Essential Grammar in Use

Transkript

1 Essential Grammar in Use Nachschlage- und Übungsgrammatik für Englischlernende mit Grundkenntnissen Raymond Murphy und Almut A.mutKöster

2 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK Information on this title: Cambridge University Press 2001 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published rd printing 2005 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN paperback ISBN paperback ii

3 Inhalt an die Lernenden an die Unterrichtenden Danke Unit 1 am/is/are 2 am/is/are (Frageform) 3 I m hungry / I m afraid usw. 4 Iamdoing (present continuous) 5 Are you doing? (present continuous: Fragen) 6 Ido/work/like usw. (present simple: bejahte Form) 7 I don t... (present simple: Verneinung) 8 Do you...? (present simple: Frageform) 9 Iamdoing und Ido (present continuous und present simple) 10 I have.../i ve got was/were 12 worked/got/went usw. (past simple) 13 I didn t... Did you...? (past simple: Verneinung und Frageform) 14 I was doing (past continuous) 15 I was doing (past continuous) und I did (past simple) 16 I have done (present perfect 1) 17 I ve just... I ve already... I haven t...yet (present perfect 2) 18 Have you ever...? (present perfect 3) 19 How long have you...? (present perfect 4) 20 for since ago 21 I have done (present perfect) und I did (past simple) 22 is done was done (Passiv 1) 23 is being done has been done (Passiv 2) 24 be/have/do (Gegenwarts- und Vergangenheitsformen) 25 Regelmäßige und unregelmäßige Verben 26 I used to What are you doing tomorrow? 28 I m going to will/shall (1) 30 will/shall (2) 31 might 32 can und could 33 must mustn t needn t 34 should 35 Ihaveto Would you like...? I d like there is there are 38 there was/were there has/have been there will be 39 It I am I don t usw. 41 Have you? Are you? Don t you? usw. 42 too/either so am I / neither do I usw. 43 isn t haven t don t usw. (Verneinung) 44 is it...? have you...? do they...? usw. (Fragen 1) 45 Who saw you? Who did you see? (Fragen 2) 46 Who is she talking to? What is it like? (Fragen 3) 47 What...? Which...? How...? 48 How long does it take...? 49 Do you know where...? I don t know what...usw.

4 50 She said that... He told me that... (die indirekte Rede) 51 work/working go/going do/doing 52 to...(i want to do) und -ing (I enjoy doing) 53 Iwant you to... I told you to Iwent to the shop to go to... go on... go for... go -ing 56 get 57 do und make 58 have 59 I/me he/him they/them usw. (Personalpronomen) 60 my/his/their usw. 61 Whose is this? It s mine/yours/hers usw. 62 I/me/my/mine 63 myself/yourself/themselves usw. (reflexive Personalpronomen) 64 - s (Ann s camera / my brother s car) usw. 65 a/an 66 flower(s) bus(es) (Singular und Plural) 67 a car / some money (zählbar / nicht zählbar 1) 68 a car / some money (zählbar / nicht zählbar 2) 69 the 70 go to work / go home / go to the cinema 71 I like music I hate exams 72 the (geographische Bezeichnungen) 73 this/that/these/those 74 one/ones 75 some und any 76 not + any no none 77 not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no-one/nothing 78 somebody/anything/nowhere usw. 79 every und all 80 all most some any no/none 81 both either neither 82 a lot much many 83 (a) little (a) few 84 old/nice/interesting usw. (Adjektive) 85 quickly/badly/suddenly usw. (Adverbien) 86 old/older expensive / more expensive 87 older than... more expensive than not as...as 89 the oldest the most expensive 90 enough 91 too 92 He speaks English very well. (Satzbau 1) 93 always/usually/often usw. (Satzbau 2) 94 still yet already 95 Give me that book! Give it to me! 96 at 8 o clock on Monday in April 97 from...to until since for 98 before after during while 99 in at on (räumliche Präpositionen 1) 100 in at on (räumliche Präpositionen 2) 101 to in at (räumliche Präpositionen 3) 102 under behind opposite usw. (Präpositionen) 103 up over through usw. (Präpositionen) 104 on at by with/without about (Präpositionen) 105 afraid of... good at... usw. good at -ing usw. (Präposition +-ing) 106 listen to...look at...usw. (Verb + Präposition) iv

5 107 go in fall off run away usw. (phrasal verbs 1) 108 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2) 109 and but or so because 110 When If we go... If you see...usw. 112 If I had... If we went...usw. 113 a person who... athing that/which... (Relativsätze 1) 114 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (Relativsätze 2) Anhang Anhang 1 Aktiv und Passiv 231 Anhang 2 Liste der unregelmäßigen Verben 232 Anhang 3 Unregelmäßige Verben nach Gruppen 233 Anhang 4 Kurzformen (he s / I d / I don t usw.) 234 Anhang 5 Rechtschreibung 236 Anhang 6 Phrasal verbs (look out / take off usw.) 238 Anhang 7 Phrasal verbs + Objekt (fill in a form / put out a fire usw.) 239 Zusätzliche Übungen 240 Schlüssel zu den Übungen 257 Schlüssel zu den zusätzlichen Übungen 286 Index 288

6 UNIT 1 am/is/are A I m American. I m from Chicago. My name is Lisa. I m 22. I m not married. I m a student. My favourite colour is blue. My father is a doctor and my mother is a journalist. My favourite sports are football and swimming. B bejahte Form I am (I m) he (he s) she is (she s) it (it s) we (we re) you are (you re) they (they re) Verneinung I am not (I m not) he (he s not oder he isn t) she is not (she s not oder she isn t) it (it s not oder it isn t) we (we re not oder we aren t) you are not (you re not oder you aren t) they (they re not oder they aren t) You re very busy today. I m 32 years old. My sister is 29. Ich bin 32 Jahre alt. Meine Schwester ist... John is in bed. He s ill. John ist im Bett. Er ist krank. My car is very old. Mein Auto ist sehr alt. You re very busy today. Sie sind heute sehr beschäftigt. Ann and I are good friends.... sind gut befreundet. The keys are on the table. Die Schlüssel sind auf dem Tisch. I m not very fit. Ich bin nicht sehr fit. Jane isn t at home at the moment. She s at work. Jane ist zur Zeit nicht zu Hause. Sie ist bei der Arbeit. Those people aren t English. They re Australian. Die Leute dort sind keine Engländer. Sie sind... It s sunny today but it isn t warm. Es ist heute sonnig, aber es ist nicht warm. Beachten Sie, dass man a/an für Berufe und Tätigkeiten verwendet: I m a student. Ich bin Student. My brother is an electrician. Mein Bruder ist Elektriker. C that s = that is there s = there is here s = here is Thank you. That s verykind of you. Das ist sehr nett von Ihnen. Look! There s Chris. Guck mal! Dort ist Chris. Here s your key. Thank you. Hier ist Ihr Schlüssel... Here s your key. Beachten Sie, dass am/is/are in manchen Fällen nicht mit sein ins Deutsche übersetzt werden ( Unit 3). Thank you. 2 am/is/are (Fragen) UNIT 2 I m hungry / I m afraid usw. UNIT 3 there is/are UNIT 37 it a/an UNIT 65 UNIT 39

7 ÜBUNGEN Schreiben Sie die Kurzformen (she s/we aren t usw.). 1 she is... she s 3 it is not... 5I am not... 2 they are... 4 that is... 6you are not... Vervollständigen Sie die Sätze mit am, is oder are. 1 The weather... is nice today. 5 Look! There... Carol. 2 I... not tired. 6 My brother and I... good tennis players. 3 This bag... heavy. 7 Ann... at home. Her children... at school. 4 These bags... heavy. 8 I... a taxi driver. My sister... a nurse. Schreiben Sie vollständige Sätze. Verwenden Sie: is/isn t/are/aren t. Your shoes are very dirty. 1 (your shoes very dirty)... 2 (my mother a teacher) My... 3 (this cup not clean)... 4 (these houses not very old)... 5 (my keys in my bag)... 6 (Jenny 18 years old)... 7 (you not very tall)... Sehen Sie sich Lisas Aussagen an ( Unit 1A). Schreiben Sie jetzt Sätze über sich selbst. 1 (name?) My... 6(father or mother s job?)... 2 (from?) I... My... 3 (age?) I... 7(favourite colour or colours?) 4 (married?) I... My... 5 (job?) I... Schreiben Sie Sätze passend zu den Bildern. Verwenden Sie: angry happy noisy strong tall tired UNIT METRES 1 METRE 1... She s happy. 3They He Schreiben Sie wahre Aussagen. Verwenden Sie: am / am not / is / isn t / are / aren t. I m a student (oder I m not a student.) 1 (I / a student)... 2 (I / tired) I... 3 (it / very late) It... 4 (my hands / cold)... 5 (Canada / a very big country)... 6 (It / warm today)... 7 (diamonds / cheap)... 8 (I / a good swimmer)... 9 (Brussels / in France)... Übersetzen Sie ins Englische: 1 Claire ist Französin. Sie ist aus Paris. 2 Mike ist sehr stark. (stark = strong) 3 Deine Freunde sind nett. (nett = nice) 4 Es ist elf Uhr. Es ist spät. 5 Wir sind nicht verheiratet. 6 Die Kinder sind heute müde. 7 Ich bin Lehrer. 8Tom ist nicht zu Hause. 9Die Straße ist sehr laut. (laut = noisy) 10 Das Wetter ist heute nicht schön, aber es ist nicht kalt. (schön = nice) 3