Determination of labour input on Bavarian dairy farms with four different organisation forms
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1 Determination of labour input on Bavarian dairy farms with four different organisation forms Juliana Mačuhová, Andrea Heinrich und Bernhard Haidn Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture (LfL) Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry (ILT) CIOSTA & CIGR Section V Conference 11 Efficient and safe production processes in sustainable agriculture and forestry 29 June - 1 July 11, Vienna, Austria Backround of the study Introduction Labour is one of most expensive entry on dairy farms Agricultural l sector is undergoing structural t changes with declining farm numbers and labour resources on farms (Frawley and Phelan, 2) Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 2 1
2 Introduction Backround of the study Num ber of dairy cows (x 1 3 ) Number of dairy cows Number of dairy farms Numb ber of dairy farms (x 1 3 ) Year (Data of Bavarian State Office for Statistic and Data Processing, 1) Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 3 Backround of the study Introduction Labour is one of most expensive entry on dairy farms Agricultural l sector is undergoing structural t changes with declining farm numbers and labour resources on farms (Frawley and Phelan, 2) Still more than half of the farms keep cows in tie stalls (6 % in year 1; LKV) Increasing of average herd size Increasing of workload The organisation of work is becoming a crucial factor on dairy farms Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 4 2
3 Introduction Backround of the study Different strategies to cope with workload: Outsourcing of certain tasks The use of labour replacement services Employment of hired labour of farms (e.g. some tasks, production sector) Automation of some processes (e.g. milking, feeding).. Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 5 The aim To evaluate the labour input and work organisation, relating to a range of dairy tasks, on Bavarian dairy farms with four organisation forms - Traditional family farm - Automated farm - Farm with permanent hired labour - of at least two family farms Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 6 3
4 g Material and Methods Farms: 16 prosperous larger dairy farms with good technical equipment (4 per organisation form, the data of 15 could be evaluated) Herd size: cows Annual milk production: 47, - 177, kg Farms with automatic milking system (AMS): - one milking box (herd size cows) - one farm with hired labour milked also with AMS s: - three consisted of two and one of six members - one cooperation employed also hired labour Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 7 Recording of working time All farm operators involved in dairy tasks 4 periods (4 weeks per every season) 2 periods were evaluated (autumn, winter) For individual dairy tasks resp. partial tasks (timesheets) milking feeding bedding and manure removal stable management office and management care of calves and young cattle maintenance an repair manure handling pasture Material and Methods Arbeitstagebuch für Innenwirtschaft Betrieb Arbeitsgänge 1 1 Tierkontrollen 2 2 Tierbehandlungen* 3 3 Besamung* 4 4 Umstallarbeiten, Verkauf der Tiere* 5 5 Geburtsüberwachung und -hilfe* 6 6 Klauenpflege* 7 7 Sonstige Arbeiten 8 8 Futtermittelvorbereitung 9 9 Grundfutter- bzw. TMR-Fütterung 1 1 Kraftfutterfütterung Arbeit Woche von bis Organisation, Büro, Verwaltung KÜHE Stallmanagement Einstreuen/Entmisten Fütterung Melken KÄLBER UND JUNGVIEH Montag Grünfütterung Futternachschieben Futteranlieferung und -einlagerung Sonstige Arbeiten Bereitsstellung des Einstreumaterial Liegeboxen, Liegeflächen Laufflächen Abkalbeboxen Selektionsbereich einstreuen 17 einstreue einstreuen 19 einstreue einstreuen Sonstige Arbeiten einstreue Vorarbeiten-Früh Kannen Kühe 23 Kannen K Milchproben-Mastitis Milchprob Melkgang-Früh Mastitis trockenstellen Nacharbeiten-Früh Vorarbeiten-Abend Kannen Kühe 26 Kannen K Milchproben-Mastitis Milchprob Melkgang-Abend Mastitis trockenstellen Nacharbeiten-Abend Sonstige Arbeiten Vorarbeiten, Weidepflege Tierumtrieb* 3 3 Tierkontrollen Tränkekälber mit Eimerfütterung Tränkekälber mit Automatfütterung Sonstiges - Tränkekälber Abgesetzte Kälber und JV Sontiges - abgesetzte Kälber und JV36 36 Gülle bzw. Festmist ausbringen WARTUNG Weide Maschinen Stalleinrichtung Sonstiges 4 4 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 8 4
5 g g Recording of working time All farm operators involved in dairy tasks 4 periods (4 weeks per every season) 2 periods were evaluated (autumn, winter) management Stable Supervision of animals Treatments of animals Reproduction management Handling, movement and transport of animals Inspection of calving Claw trimming Miscellaneous Material and Methods Arbeitstagebuch für Innenwirtschaft Betrieb Arbeitsgänge 1 1 Tierkontrollen 2 2 Tierbehandlungen* 3 3 Besamung* 4 4 Umstallarbeiten, Verkauf der Tiere* 5 5 Geburtsüberwachung und -hilfe* 6 6 Klauenpflege* 7 7 Sonstige Arbeiten 8 8 Futtermittelvorbereitung 9 9 Grundfutter- bzw. TMR-Fütterung 1 1 Kraftfutterfütterung Arbeit Woche von bis Organisation, Büro, Verwaltung KÜHE Stallmanagement Einstreuen/Entmisten Fütterung Melken KÄLBER UND JUNGVIEH Montag Grünfütterung Futternachschieben Futteranlieferung und -einlagerung Sonstige Arbeiten Bereitsstellung des Einstreumaterial Liegeboxen, Liegeflächen Laufflächen Abkalbeboxen Selektionsbereich einstreuen 17 einstreue einstreuen 19 einstreue einstreuen Sonstige Arbeiten einstreue Sonstige Arbeiten Vorarbeiten, Weidepflege Tierumtrieb* 3 3 Tierkontrollen Tränkekälber mit Eimerfütterung Tränkekälber mit Automatfütterung Sonstiges - Tränkekälber Abgesetzte Kälber und JV Sontiges - abgesetzte Kälber und JV36 36 Gülle bzw. Festmist ausbringen WARTUNG Weide Maschinen Stalleinrichtung Sonstiges 4 4 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 9 Recording of working time All farm operators involved in dairy tasks 4 periods (4 weeks per every season) 2 periods were evaluated (autumn, winter) For individual dairy tasks resp. partial tasks (timesheets) Sum of working time for individual tasks labour input per day for dairy tasks Material and Methods Arbeitstagebuch für Innenwirtschaft Betrieb Arbeit Woche von bis Arbeitsgänge Montag Organisation, Büro, Verwaltung 1 1 KÜHE Stallmanagement Einstreuen/Entmisten Fütterung Melken KÄLBER UND JUNGVIEH Tierkontrollen 2 2 Tierbehandlungen* 3 3 Besamung* 4 4 Umstallarbeiten, Verkauf der Tiere* 5 5 Geburtsüberwachung und -hilfe* 6 6 Klauenpflege* 7 7 Sonstige Arbeiten 8 8 Futtermittelvorbereitung 9 9 Grundfutter- bzw. TMR-Fütterung 1 1 Kraftfutterfütterung Grünfütterung Futternachschieben Futteranlieferung und -einlagerung Sonstige Arbeiten Bereitsstellung des Einstreumaterial Liegeboxen, Liegeflächen Laufflächen Abkalbeboxen Selektionsbereich einstreuen 17 einstreue einstreuen 19 einstreue einstreuen Sonstige Arbeiten einstreue Vorarbeiten-Früh Kannen Kühe 23 Kannen K Milchproben-Mastitis Milchprob Melkgang-Früh Mastitis trockenstellen Nacharbeiten-Früh Vorarbeiten-Abend Kannen Kühe 26 Kannen K Milchproben-Mastitis Milchprob Melkgang-Abend Mastitis trockenstellen Nacharbeiten-Abend Vorarbeiten-Früh Kannen Kühe 23 Kannen K Milchproben-Mastitis Milchprob Melkgang-Früh Mastitis trockenstellen Nacharbeiten-Früh Vorarbeiten-Abend Kannen Kühe 26 Kannen K Milchproben-Mastitis Milchprob Melkgang-Abend Mastitis trockenstellen Nacharbeiten-Abend Sonstige Arbeiten Vorarbeiten, Weidepflege Tierumtrieb* 3 3 Tierkontrollen Tränkekälber mit Eimerfütterung Tränkekälber mit Automatfütterung Sonstiges - Tränkekälber Abgesetzte Kälber und JV Sontiges - abgesetzte Kälber und JV36 36 Gülle bzw. Festmist ausbringen WARTUNG Weide Maschinen Stalleinrichtung Sonstiges 4 4 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 1 5
6 Results Total labour input per day (h) total la abour input per day ab Family farm a Automated farm ab Farm with hired labour organisation form b Means±SD a,b P.5 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 11 Results Total labour input per day (h) total la abour input per day ( R =.78*** *** P <.1 Automated farm 8 4 and AMS herd size Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 12 6
7 Results Total labour input per day (h) total la abour input per day ( R =.32 P =.346 Automated farm 8 4 and AMS herd size Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 13 Results Total labour input per day (h) total la abour input per day ( ±1.9 h Automated farm 8 P <.1 4 and AMS 7.9±1.9 h herd size Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 14 7
8 Results Total labour input per cow and year total lab bour input per cow and Family farm Automated farm Farm with hired labour organisation form Means±SD P >.5 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 15 Results Total labour input per cow and year total lab bour input per cow and Family farm 6 % 2 % Automated farm 32 % Farm with hired labour organisation form 25 % Family labour Non-family labour Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 16 8
9 Results Total labour input per cow and year total lab bour input per cow and 9 8 Automated farm 7 and AMS herd size R= P>.5 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 17 Results Total labour input per cow and year total lab bour input per cow and 9 8 Automated farm 7 and AMS herd size R=- 86,86 P <.1 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 18 9
10 Results Total labour input per cow and year total lab bour input per cow and 9 8 Automated farm 7 and AMS ±12.8 h ±11.5 9±115h P > herd size Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 19 Labour input per cow and year for individual dairy tasks input per cow and labour Results 1 milking 2 feeding 3 bedding and manure removal 4 stable management 5 office and management 6 care of calves and young cattle 7 maintenance and repair 8 manure handling 9 pasture Automated farm dairy tasks P <.15 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 1
11 Labour input per cow and year for individual dairy tasks input per cow and labour 4 35 ** * dairy task Results 1 milking 2 feeding 3 bedding and manure removal 4 stable management 5 office and management 6 care of calves and young cattle 7 maintenance and repair 8 manure handling 9 pasture Farms with automatic milking conventional milking ** P <.1; * P.5 Mačuhová-ILT 4d- 21 Conclusions Organisation form - no effect on total labour input or labour input (per cow and year) for individual dairy tasks Automatic milking - lower labour input for milking - labour input for feeding can be affected (e.g. feeding routine as a tool for regulation of cow traffic) - no effect on labour input for other dairy tasks Hired labour, automatic milking or cooperation - can be effective ways to cope with workload Mačuhová-ILT 4d
12 Thank you for your attention Thanks to the farmers and all farm operators for participation in the study The study was supported by Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agricultural and Forestry Mačuhová-ILT 4d
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