Stand der Technik im Bereich Brennstoffzellen

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1 Zentrum für BrennstoffzellenTechnik GmbH Stand der Technik im Bereich Brennstoffzellen Übersicht über Motivation, Technologien & Anwendungen Dr. Christian Spitta Duisburg, Juni 2016

2 Agenda Kurzeinführung ZBT Energiewende Allgemeine Übersicht Brennstoffzellen Anwendungen und Produkte in Deutschland by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 2

3 Zentrum für BrennstoffzellenTechnik GmbH: The fuel cell research center The fuel cell research center: Research and development of fuel cells, hydrogen and battery technology Focus on industry demand Independent service provider and R&D partner (part of research organization JRF) 90 full time employees + 20 students Infrastructure: 1200 m² main laboratory 4 special laboratories with 220 m² Flexible test benches with advanced measurement and analytics 3 climatic chambers incl. vibration testing First accredited testing laboratory for fuel cells 120 m² injection molding/compound laboratory Prototype production line by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 3

4 Zentrum für BrennstoffzellenTechnik GmbH: Supporting association Goals: Support of fuel cell Research and Development at ZBT Supporting ZBT for (industrial) partner acquisition Support of ZBT for acquisition of sponsors Public relations Co-development of ZBT R&D program Facts: founded 24. September 2002 in Duisburg Member of the steering committee of ZBT 2002: 8 Members now 30 members (Mai 2016) 1 meeting / anno Board: Achim Edelmann, 1. director Dr. Frank Koch, 2nd director, treasurer by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 4

5 ZBT philosophy: supporting the industry for innovative energy technology Precompetitive research (TRL 1 5) evaluate new technology approaches functional model as a basis for future product development licensing of technology Industry cooperation research, public funded (TRL 4-8) minimizing market barriers solution of cross-industry problems infrastructure issues reducing technological hurdles Development services for industry (TRL 5-9) development service development support filler of technology gaps technology consulting tests and approval as service Funding: EU, BMBF, IGF and other Partner: R&D institutions Funding: BMWi, BMVI, Region, EU Partner: Industrie, R&D Customer: Industry, R&D, public institution by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 5

6 Agenda Kurzeinführung ZBT Energiewende Allgemeine Übersicht Brennstoffzellen Anwendungen und Produkte in Deutschland by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 6

7 Energieversorgung im Zeichen der Energiewende Status der Energieversorgung in Deutschland Zentrale Großkraftwerke auf Basis endlicher fossiler und nuklearer Brennstoffe Hohe Emission klimarelevanter Treibhausgase Produktion radioaktiver Abfälle 32,6 % des Bruttostromverbrauchs aus erneuerbare Energien (EE) in 2015 Stark fluktuierende Energiequelle Quelle: ISE, BMWi ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 7

8 Energieversorgung im Zeichen der Energiewende Energiepolitische Ziele bis 2050 in Deutschland Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen um mind. 80 % Reduktion des Primärenergieverbrauch um 50 % Steigerung des Anteils der EE am Bruttoendenergieverbrauch auf 60 % Bruttostromverbrauch auf 80 % Voraussetzung: Speicherbare Energieträger Ausbau der Netze (Strom und Gas) Effiziente Energiewandler Hightech zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 8

9 Agenda Kurzeinführung ZBT Energiewende Allgemeine Übersicht Brennstoffzellen Anwendungen und Produkte in Deutschland by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 9

10 Grundlegender Aufbau von Brennstoffzellen bipolar plate electrolyte cathode offgas bipolar plate anode offgas cathode electrode anode electrode heat electric energy Oxygen (cathode) fuel (anode) membrane electrode assembly (MEA) source: VKA, RWTH-Aachen by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 10

11 Unterschiedliche Brennstoffzellentypen Quelle: WBZU by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 11

12 Wasserstofferzeugung für Brennstoffzellensysteme ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 12

13 Agenda Kurzeinführung ZBT Energiewende Allgemeine Übersicht Brennstoffzellen Anwendungen und Produkte in Deutschland by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 13

14 Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung (KWK) Quellen: asue 2012 ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 14

15 BZ-(m)KWK Konzept & Aufbau Subsystem: Reformer und Brennstoffzelle Quelle: JX Nippon Oil and Energy, 2012 ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 15

16 BZ-(m)KWK Beispiel Viessmann/Panasonic Vitovalor 300-P Kooperation mit Panasonic NT-PEM / Kombigerät El. Wirkungsgrad: 37 % Gesamtnutzungsgrad: 90 % Quelle: Viessmann 2015 ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 16

17 BZ-(m)KWK Geräte vor/in der Markteinführung in Deutschland Quelle: IBZ 2016 ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 17

18 BZ-(m)KWK Verkaufszahlen weltweit m Quelle: Delta Energy ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 18

19 BZ-(m)KWK Verkaufszahlen und Preise in Japan 2030: 5.3 Mio. units 2020: 1.4 Mio. units 2016: Mio. Yen / /2016: units Quellen: Panasonic 2011 & 2013, NEDO 2015, ace.or.jp 2016, Toshiba 2015, E4tech 2015 ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 19

20 BZ-KWK Hersteller Hersteller Gerät N2telligence (Fuji Electric) Quattro Generation Fuel Cell Energy Solution Ballard Power Systems Bloom DFC xxx EU ClearGen Energy Servers Doosan Fuel Cell America BZ-Typ PAFC MCFC NT-PEMFC SOFC PAFC Brennstoff Erd- & Biogas Erd- & Biogas H2, Erd- & Biogas Erd- & Biogas El. Leistung / kw Erdgas El. / th. Wirkungsgrad / % 43,3 / 46,7 47,0 / 41,4-36,7 40,0 / 38,0 > 50,0 / - 42 / 48 Gesamtwirkungsgrad / % 90,0 88,4 83,7 78,0-90 Stromkennzahl 0,93 1,28 1,14 1,05-0,88 Quellen: N2telligence, FCES, Ballard, Bloom & Doosan ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 20

21 BZ-KWK N2-Anlage am ZBT Ziele : Grundlastabdeckung für Strombereich Heizungsunterstützung HT- und NT-Wärme Forschungsobjekt Brennstoffzellen-KWK Luftseite / medizinische Aspekte Energietechnische Integration in die Gebäude: Minimaler Strombedarf der Gebäude liegt bei ca. 90 kw (Grundlast), Spitzenlast aktuell bis 250 kw Eigennutzung des erzeugten Stroms Wärmeintegration in die 2 Gebäude des ZBT HT Wärme der Anlage (90/80 C 45 kw) im Altbau (Heizungsanlage) NT Wärme der Anlage (54/35 C 43 kw) im Neubau (Heizregister EG) Kälteintegration ist wirtschaftlich nicht darzustellen (geringer, sporadischer Bedarf) Quellen: N2telligence ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 21

22 BZ-KWK N2-Anlage am ZBT: Installation Aufstellungsort Bodenplatte Zuwegung Blitzschutz Einfriedung Abwasser ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 22

23 BZ-KWK N2-Anlage am ZBT: Installation Stickstoffversorgung Reformer Tischkühler Stack Ionentauscher für DI- Wasser Versorgungsleitungen & Heizkreislaufleitungen ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 23

24 BZ-KWK N2-Anlage am ZBT: Betrieb ZBT-interner Vortrag: BZ-KWK Status (in D) & Aktivitäten vom ZBT Spitta, ZBT by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 24

25 Backup power and Industrial Power Solutions Future E Jupiter "back-up, interim, mini-peaker" 0.5 kw el, 1 kw el ; 2 kw el modular / 19" frame / air cooled lifetime: > hrs ReliOn / Hoppecke E-2500 Hydrogen Fuel Cell "stationary, back-up power" 2.5 kw el air cooled LT-PEM / H 2 Heliocentris NEXA 1200 "Backup Power" 1.2 kw el air cooled B & W / Ballard LT-PEM / open cathode / H 2 ElectraGen / ElectraGen ME "back-up power" LT-PEM / open cathode / H 2 3 kw el; 5 kw el LT-PEM / H 2 or Methanol Hydrogenics XRL 4-12 "stationary, back-up power" kw el water cooled LT-PEM / closed cathode / H 2 Lifetime > hrs Proton Motor PM Module S5 "stationary applications" kw el modular / 19" frame water cooled Lifetime > hrs LT-PEM / closed cathode / H 2 SmartFuelCell EFOY ProCabinet outdoor / cabinet 90 W el DMFC / Methanol Lifetime > hrs FC Power 1 kw el data center HT PEM / reformer / LPG air cooled Quellen: Heliocentris, ReliOn, Smart Fuel Cell, Hydrogenics, Ballard, Proton Motors, FC Power by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 25

26 Portable power Truma VEGA Camping market / industrial HT PEM fuel cell system LPG 250 W el Enysystems enyware Camping market / industrial HT PEM fuel cell system LPG ezelleron Kraftwerk Mobile charger LPG SOFC system 2 W / 10 W peak 200 W el Smart Fuel Cell EFOY comfort Camping market / industrial DM fuel cell system Methanol 40 / 72 / 105 W el Sources: Truma, Enymotion, Smart Fuel Cell, ezelleron, NOW Quellen: Truma, Smart Fuel Cell, Enysystems, ezelleron by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 26

27 Mobile Applications Passenger vehicles Full power fuel cell systems Fuel cell range extenders Busses Trucks Fuel cell range extender for battery electric truck Special purpose vehicles Utility vehicles Garbage trucks Logistics Forklifts Reachtrucks Ships Passenger ships Submarines Airplanes Fuel cell propulsion system Fuel cell APUs Trains Regional trains Local trains Sources: Daimler, Honda, VW, Hyundai, GM/Opel, FEV, APTS, Proton Motor, FAUN, Airbus, DLR, HDW, Still, Linde, Alstom by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 27

28 Automotive FC Technology benchmark Toyota Mirai Max. power: Max. speed: Curb weight: Range: Refuelling: Warranty: 114 kw 180 km/h kg up to 700 km (JC08) approx. 500 km real driving approx. 3 minutes 8 years / km powertrain Quelle: Toyota Sales price: Japan: 6.7MYen; up to 3 MYen incentives: USA/California: $57.500; up to $ incentives: Germany: incl. VAT. by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 28

29 Automotive FC Powertrain configuration Toyota Mirai Fuel cell stack Boost Converter NiMH battery system (hybrid-components) El. traction motor (hybrid-components) H 2 tanks Quelle: Toyota Power Control Unit (hybrid components) by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 29

30 Automotive FC Specifications Toyota Mirai fuel cell stack PEM fuel cell stack 114 kw (3.1 kw/l) 37 l / 56 kg 370 cells 102 g/cell; 1,34 mm cellpitch No cathode humidification -30 C freeze start Boost converter 650 V output voltage 4 phase, water cooled 13 l Quelle: Toyota BOP components H 2 recirculation pump by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 30

31 Automotive FC Toyota Mirai development focus durability source: Toyota by ZBT all rights reserved. Confidential no passing on to third parties 31

32 Zentrum für BrennstoffzellenTechnik GmbH Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit! Kontakt: Dr. Christian Spitta