Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena. Istomino/Lake Baikal: Corner Reflector Installation with Russian PIs

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2 X-SAR Downlink

3 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Istomino/Lake Baikal: Corner Reflector Installation with Russian PIs 3

4 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius/ FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS DEM DATA SETS - DEM created by X-band single-pass interferometric SAR (SRTM). - DEM created by C-band repeat-pass interferometric SAR (ERS). (Source:Deutsches Fernerkundungs- Datenzentrum (DFD)) - DEM created from digitized contours from Russian Rosskartografia map series 1: scale. (Source: Novosibirsk Regional Center for GIS Technologies for SB RAS) - Global DEM data derived from a wide variety of sources (GTOPO30). (Source: U.S. National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC))

5 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS DATA SETS in the BAIKAL-REGION Irkutsk Site: GTOPO 30 TopDEM ERS InSAR Selenginsk Site: SRTM Gusiha Site: GTOPO 30 TopDEM SRTM

6 Diplomarbeit: DGM- Vergleiche 2. Methodische Grundlagen Elevation Model Product Specification DEM Structure ** Data Structure/ Elevations SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) ITHD Level-2 (Interferometric Terrain Height Data) UTM WGS 84 2-byte Integer/ whole units of meters relative to WGS 84 The data used in this study are non-calibrated downlink scenes. TopDEM (Cartographic DEM) DLG-Product (Digital Line Graph) UTM NAD 27 Clarke byte Floating/ decimal or whole units of meters relative to the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid GTOPO30 (Global collection of DEMs) DTED-Product (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) Geographic (lat/long) on WGS 84 converted to UTM on WGS 84 2-byte Integer/ whole units of meters relative to WGS 84 6

7 Diplomarbeit: DGM- Vergleiche 2. Methodische Grundlagen Elevation Model Pixel Geometry Horizontal Resolution** Vertical Resolution Notes SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) fixed-lenght 25 meters Resampled to 50 meters! 6 meters (relative) 16 meters (absolute) The data are homogenous (taken from one and only device), consistent (known geometric relations were clearly tested) and are available in a digital form. TopDEM (Cartographic DEM) GTOPO30 (Global collection of DEMs) fixed-lenght 50 meters 15 meters (estimated from 40-meter interval) fixed-angle converted to fixed-lenght 500 meters Resampled to 50 meters! The quality of the data highly depends on the based cartographic model, the digitizer and the extension of the Interpolation algorithms to vertically integrated features. 30 meters The spacing of points along the profile is considerably less than the distance between profiles. When the heights are resampled to a square grid, the interpolation technique produces clearly visible stripes parallel to the scanning direction 7 of the profiler.

8 Test Site Gusiha 8

9 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS MOSAIK of the BARGUZIN SET BARGUZIN VALLEY

10 Reliefdarstellung: Datensatz GUSIHA SRTM TopDEM GTOPO30 10

11 Diplomarbeit: DGM- Vergleiche 2. Methodische Grundlagen Modelleigenschaften durch verschiedene Herstellungsprozesse SRTM, TopDEM, GTOPO30, ERS-Tandem (im Uhrzeigersinn von links oben) Corner-Reflektionen (urban) Interpolation von Konturlinen Phasenfehler Line-striping 11

12 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Area-Altitude Plots Gusiha SRTM TopDEM (Meter) SRTM TopDEM GTOPO30 Min Max Mean Stdev GTOPO30 12

13 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Räumliche Beschreibung Vergleich eines Höhenwertes mit seiner Umgebung Horizontale Distanzen für eine Pixelgrösse von 50 m 13

14 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Räuml. Beschreibung/Spatial Description h-scatterplots, entfernungs- und richtungsabhängige Gegenüberstellung 14

15 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS SRTM SELENGINSK (Shaded Relief) SELENGA RIVER SELENGINSK

16 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS RIVERS, STREETS and URBAN AREAS Source: SELENGA-GIS (USGS et al. (1996)) SELENGINSK

17 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS SRTM SELENGINSK (blue-red-pastels) B C A SELENGINSK

18 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS CORNER-REFEKTIONS in the CITY of SELENGINSK (6.25 km 2 ) A

19 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS ELEVATION VARIABILITIES in the SELENGA FLOODPLAIN (6.25 km 2 ) B

20 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS PITS SELENGINSK

21 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Hydrological Parameters DGM, Run-off, Strahler River & Channel Profiles 21

22 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Ableitung hydrologischer Parameter Ungenauigkeiten bei der horizontalen und vertikalen Diskretisierung der Landoberfläche Signal Noise Digital Dams Local Minima Flats 22

23 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Manipulation Filtering, IDL-Program Menu 23

24 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Ergebnisse Statistik der Senkenfüllung Gusiha 1-Pixel Senken Ebene Lokales Minimum Pixel Pixel Pixel SRTM original SRTM median 3x SRTM median 5x SRTM lowpass 3x SRTM lowpass 5x SRTM gamma 3x SRTM gamma 5x SRTM sigma 5x SRTM sigma 7x TopDEM GTOPO Weniger Senken zu füllen! 24

25 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Ergebnisse Statistik der Ausweisung der Strahler-Flüsse 1.Ordnung Modell alle Ordnungen davon Strahler 1. Ordnung SRTM original (77,9 %) SRTM median 3x (77,8 %) SRTM median 5x (76,6 %) SRTM lowpass 3x (79,1 %) SRTM lowpass 5x (79,6 %) SRTM gamma 3x (79,5 %) SRTM gamma 5x (79,7 %) TopDEM (81,8 %) GTOPO (83,9 %) Weniger Quellen erkannt! 25

26 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Topographic Parameters: Slope Comparisons 26

27 K. Frotscher & C. Schmullius / FSU JENA DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS Drainage Networks Generating Flow Grids (after Callaghan & Mark,1984; Jenson & Domingue,1988) The flow grid contains a flow code, which indicates the direction in which water will flow away from the corresponding pixel in the DEM. SRTM TopDEM

28 Institute for Geography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, FSU Jena Cooperation cancelled Ulan-Ude: World`s Largest Lenin-Head and KGB(FSB)-HQ 28