Investigations on replacement of maize products in rations for dairy cows and fattening bulls

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1 Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft Investigations on replacement of maize products in rations for dairy cows and fattening bulls Dr. Thomas Ettle, Sabine Weinfurtner, Mariana Steyer

2 Feeding studies conducted within the diabrotica project: Maize vs. grass silage in fattening bulls Maize vs. alfalfa silage in fattening bulls Alfalfa vs. grass silage in dairy cows Maize vs. alfalfa silage in dairy cows Wheat vs. corn in dairy cows Digestibility and energy concentration of brown midrib sorghum T. Ettle 2

3 Feed value of some silages (Gruber feed tables 2012, Zifo, DLG 1997) DM CF CP ucp UDP NEL g/kg g/kg DM % MJ/kg DM Maize silage ,8 Rape silage ,7 Rye silage ,4 Grass-clover, young ,3 Grass-clover, middle ,2 Rye grass ,1 Meadow, middle ,0 Alfalfa, young ,4 Alfalfa, middle ,1 Sorghum ,1 T. Ettle 3

4 Alfalfa silage in dairy cows: Background Trial: Iden, Bulang et al., 2006 Grub, Ettle et al., 2011 Diet: Grass silage Alfalfa silage Maize silage Maize silage, % d.tm Grass silage, % d.tm Alfalfa silage, % d.tm Grass silage Alfalfa silage MJ NEL/kg DM 7,1 6,9 7,1 DM-intake, kg/day 21,2 b 23,2 a 22,6 a NEL-intake, MJ/day 150 b 160 a 159 a Milk yield, kg/day 37,3 b 38,5 b 41,7 a 7,0 6,6 20,3 b 22,1 a ,2 28,8 T. Ettle 4

5 Alfalfa silage in dairy cows: Diets Group Maize silage Alfalfa silage Maize silage 46,9 24,5 Grass silage 16,1 - Alfalfa silage - 41,6 Hay / straw 4,8 / 4,3 - Concentrates 13,3 25,5 Rape products 14,6 7,1 Nutrients CP, g/kg DM ucp, g/kg DM RNB, g -1,6 1,1 NEL, MJ/kg DM 7,0 6,7 XF, g/kg DM T. Ettle 5

6 Alfalfa silage in dairy cows: Results Group Maize silage Alfalfa silage DM-intake, kg/day 21,8 ± 2,5 21,8 ± 2,8 CP-intake, g/day 3503 ± ± 517 ucp-intake, g/day 3502 ± ± 448 RNB, g/day 0,1 ± 4,9 56,5 ± 11,4 NEL-intake, MJ/day 156 ± ± 19 Group Maize silage Alfalfa silage Milk yield, kg/day 34,0 ± 5,7 32,7 ± 6,4 Milk fat, % 3,78 ± 0,39 3,98 ± 0,55 Milk protein, % 3,45 ± 0,22 3,44 ± 0,19 Milk urea, mg/l 236 ± 28 b 311 ± 35 a ECM, kg/day 33,2 ± 5,3 32,5 ± 5,2 NABE* 1 (4. week), mmol/l; 111 ± 49 b 151 ± 22 a NABE 2 (8. week), mmol/l 155 ± 48 b 202 ± 23 a *NABE = Net Acid Base Excretion T. Ettle 6

7 Feed costs Maize Alfalfa group group % of DM % of DM /dt DM /dt DM Maize Alfalfa diet diet Maize silage 46,9 24, ,9 2,6 Grass silage 16, ,4 Alfalfa silage - 41,6 5,5 16 6,5 Hay 4, ,4 Straw 4, ,3 Barley 4,9 8, ,3 2,3 Corn 5,9 6, ,7 2,0 Wheat - 8, ,4 Rape meal, extracted ,2 Rape cake 5,6 7, ,1 2,7 Molasses 1,5 1, ,3 0,3 Beet pulp, dried ,3 Minerals 1 0, ,7 0,5 /dt DM 18,4 19,6 T. Ettle 7

8 Alfalfa silage in fattening bulls: Procedures 3 Feeding groups with 24 bulls each: Group 1: Group 2: Group 3: 0 % alfalfa silage (% of roughage DM) 30 % alfalfa silage (% of roughage DM) 60 % alfalfa silage (% of roughage DM) Weight range: kg Measurements: -Feed and nutrient intake -Weight gain -Back fat depth -Blood parameters -Slaughter criteria -Meat/fat quality T. Ettle 8

9 Diets: Alfalfa trial 0 % Alfalfa 30 % Alfalfa 60 % Alfalfa % of DM Maize silage 66,92 45,44 28,31 Alfalfa silage - 23,03 39,03 Straw 2, Wheat 4,05 9,46 10,77 Corn 4,05 8,11 13,47 Rape meal 16,55 5,53 - Rape cake 4,17 6,97 6,95 Minerals 1,62 1,48 1,47 Nutrients CP, % of DM 13,9 15,4 15,6 CF, % of DM 15,6 16,7 17,5 ME, MJ/kg DM 11,6 11,5 11,3 Aim: Adequate nutrient concentration in each diet Nutrient concentration of different diets are comparable T. Ettle 9

10 Feed and nutrient intake, growth and slaughter performance Treatment 0 % alfalfa 30 % alfalfa 60 % alfalfa DM, kg/day 9.05± ± ± 0.55 CP, g/day 1266± 176 b 1454± 118 a 1461± 84 a ME, MJ/day 105± ± 9 105± 6 End weight, kg 755± ± ± 28 Time on feed, days 335± ± ± 28 Hot carcass weight, kg 421± ± ±16 Dressing proportion, % 59.1± ± ± 1.4 Daily gain, g 1599± ± ± 144 Carcass classification (EUROP)* 2.67± ± ± 0.50 Fat classification** 2.86± ± ± 0.63 n-6/n-3-fatty acid ratio, m.l.d. 9.2± 1.2 a 5.9± 1.3 b 4.6± 0.7 c * E=1; P=5 ** 1= mager; 5 = Fett T. Ettle 10

11 Blood parameters U/l GLDH a b b 0 % alfalfa Luzerne 30 % Luzerne alfalfa 60 % alfalfa Luzerne week 0 week 17 week 31 mg/dl Urea b a a b a ab week 0 week 17 week Reference interval, TGD Grub T. Ettle 11

12 Effects on N-efficiency Treatment 0 % alfalfa 30 % alfalfa 60 % alfalfa CP intake, g/day N-intake, g/day N accretion, g/day [27 g/kg] N efficiency [accretion/intake] Effect of DM and welting time on protein quality of grass silage (Edmunds et al., 2012) fast > slow fast < slow T. Ettle 12

13 Calculation of demand for land for roughage production Treatment 0 % alfalfa 30 % alfalfa 60 % alfalfa DM intake, kg/animal Maize silage, % of DM Maize silage intake, kg DM/animal Maize silage yield, kg DM/ha Land demand for maize silage, ha/animal (%) 0.13 (100) 0.09 (67) 0.06 (44) Alfalfa silage, % of DM Alfalfa silage intake, kg DM/animal Alfalfa silage yield, kg DM/ha Land demand for alfalfa silage, ha/animal Land demand for roughage production (%) 0.13 (100) 0.18 (140) 0.22 (173) Plant breeding: higher yields in traditional field crops Rape production? ( Leakage effect ) Outsourcing of soybean production ( indirect land use change )? T. Ettle 13

14 Summary Feeding of fattening bulls and dairy cows using diets with reduced portions of maize silage is possible and allows a high production level Consequences: More area for feed/roughage production Higher production costs in most cases ILUC Strategies for compensation: More exact determination of feeding value (e.g. structural value, effects on feed intake etc.) Increased efficiency -protein quality -energy concentration -less feed losses from field to the animal T. Ettle 14