SCCER FURIES. S.1.6. Demand side response/management. S 4.2. Life-cycle optimization of power system components. N. Schulz, FHNW Dec.

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1 SCCER FURIES N. Schulz, FHNW Dec. 15th, 2014 S.1.6. Demand side response/management S 4.2. Life-cycle optimization of power system components

2 SmartStability Stromversorgung und Strommarkt der Zukunft FHNW Hochschule für Architektur, Bau und Geomatik Institut Energie am Bau J. Bichsel Hochschule für Technik Institut für Automation H. Eichin Fachgruppe elektrische Energietechnik N. Schulz Hochschule für Wirtschaft Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik H. Wache

3 Collaborative Smart Homes Häuser schliessen sich zu einem Verbund zusammen (möglicherweise dynamisch) Sie stellen Ressourcen zur Verfügung Strom (aus eigener Produktion/Speicherung) Verbraucher Abschalten bei Unterproduktion Anschalten bei Überproduktion Speicherungsmöglichkeiten Sie handeln um diese Ressourcen autonom Ziel: ein Haushalt hat zusätzliche Erträge für seine Ressourcen (c) Holger Wache, FHNW 05/09/14 3

4 Analysis of Water Boilers - Schicht 1/ Sensor 1 - Schicht 2. - Schicht 3. - Schicht 4. - Schicht 5. - Schicht 6. - Schicht 7. - Schicht 8/ Sensor 8

5 Simplified Multilayer Boiler-Model d T boiler8 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw ( T iw T boiler8 )+(UA)( T d T boiler7 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw U lu7 ( T boiler8 T boiler7 d T boiler6 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw U lu6 ( T boiler7 T boiler6 d T boiler5 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw U lu5 ( T boiler6 T boiler5 d T boiler4 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw U lu4 ( T boiler5 T boiler4 d T boiler3 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw U lu3 ( T boiler4 T boiler3 d T boiler2 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw U lu2 ( T boiler3 T boiler2 d T boiler1 /dt = 1/ C boiler [ Q heat /8 + m w C pw U lu1 ( T boiler2 T boiler1

6 Modeling Result (300 Liter)

7 Next steps Combine boiler model with models of other electrical units Establish full physical house model: boiler, heat pump, PV, battery, base load Cross-link N houses, establish trading agents Apply optimization function to network Simulate

8 Life-cycle optimization of power system components and reliability analysis SCCER FURIES Subtask 4.2 Nicola Schulz, FHNW, Dec. 15, 2014

9 SiC solid-state transformers for the Energy Turnaround Why a solid-state transformer? Fluctuating renewable energy feed-in can de-stabilize the grid This requires a «smarter» electrical grid: Local & dynamic voltage stabilization Dynamic control of power flow Better exploitation of existing grid structures Integration DC-based systems All these functions can be combined in a single device: the solid-state transformer (SST) Why Silicon Carbide (SiC)? AC AC V 1, f 1, V 2, f 2, cosϕ cosϕ 2 1 AC AC or DC Silicon SSTs: max. 10 khz / 4.5 kv Novel SiC SST: 50 khz / 10 kv Combine SST functionalities in a compact & inexpensive system SiC device technology and power electronics are not mature yet Comprehensive and multi-disciplinary R&D is required to realize SiC SSTs N. Schulz 05/01/15 9

10 Applications of SST in the Swiss grid reactive power compensation AC-AC AC-DC hybrid AC-DC microgrids power flow control H 2 production plants voltage adjustment frequency variation Grid-based SiC Solid State Transformer EV charging stations grid integration of PV plants harmonics filtering grid integration of batteries N. Schulz 05/01/15 10

11 Reliability assessment of SiC power modules and SSTs Background Power module operation: large thermal amplitudes à thermo-mechanically induced stress Silicon modules: T max = 150 C ; SiC : T max = 250 C Lifetime depends exponentially on temperature; different physical failure mechanisms Research Plan & Deliverables Estabilish reliability testing procedure for novel SiC modules; based on active load cycling Assess lifetime & failure mechanisms of SiC modules Propose reliability improvement methods Extrapolate SiC module lifetime data to lifetime of entire SiC SST; as a function of missioin profile & dimensioning N. Schulz 05/01/15 11

12 Application & Sustainability of SiC SSTs Questions to be answered: 1. Which SST functionalities are required to maximize the grid-integration of renewables? 2. How much more renewables can be integrated using SSTs in the Swiss grid? 3. What is the net life-cycle energy balance (=sustainability) of grid-based SiC SSTs? Research Plan & Deliverables to BKW & Trasfor: Generate models of the BKW grid in the year ~2030; with / without SiC SSTs Assess highest possible integration of renewables Determine energy savings by local DC grids & blind current minimization Assess optimal distribution of SSTs in the BKW grid Calculate the net life-cycle energy balance & cost Extrapolate the results to entire Switzerland N. Schulz 05/01/15 12

13 Potential impact of SSTs on the Swiss Energy Turnaround Massive renewable energy feed-in needs to be handled Major issues addressed by this project: 1. Maximize the grid capability for renewables 2. Maintain the grid stability 3. Improve energy efficiency SiC SST is one of bigger changes in the context of the Energy Turnaround N. Schulz 05/01/15 13