Energieeffizienz in der Gewächshausindustrie. Low Energy Greenhouse and the Hot-Box Approach

Transkript

1 Energieeffizienz in der Gewächshausindustrie Low Energy Greenhouse and the Hot-Box Approach Kamer van Koophandel Haaglanden Den Haag 27.Januar 2009 Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Tantau Institute of Biological Production Systems Biosystems and Horticultural Engineering section Leibniz Universität Hannover

2 Low Energy Greenhouse and the Hot-Box Approach Joined research project ZINEG Berlin Hanover - Munich

3 ZINEG-Consortium: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Uwe Schmidt, Fachgebiet Gartenbautechnik, Berlin Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Bokelmann, FG Ökonomik der Gärtnerischen Produktion, Berlin Dr. Hans-Peter Kläring, Institut für Gemüse und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren Dr. Martin Geyer, Technik im Gartenbau, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim Univ.-Prof. Dr. Joachim Meyer, Technik im Gartenbau, Freising Dr. Peter Lorenz, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum, Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße Prof. Dr. Bernhard Beßler, Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Gartenbau Ahlem, Hannover Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Tantau, Fachgebiet Biosystem- und Gartenbautechnik, Hannover

4 Energy situation (global): Availability of oil and gas 35 Production of oil and gas Billionen barrels Barrels per year pro Jahr Jahr year Scenario, Association for the Study of Peak Oil & Gas,

5 Energy situation (global): consumption consumption Mt/a The consumption is increasing! inhabitants in millions (2001) source: BGR-Datenbank, IEA

6 Energy situation (global): CO 2 -concentration Global warming The CO 2 -concentration is increasing!

7 Objectives of ZINEG Low Energy Greenhouse : Systems approach to operate a greenhouse without fossil energy, without fossil CO 2 -emissions

8 Solutions: Reduction of energy consumption by 90% using new covering materials, three thermal screens, closed greenhouses, energy saving climate control strategies, cropping systems with adapted seasonal temperature requirements. Substitution of fossil energy by renewable energies

9 Reduction of energy consumption by 90 %: Requirements: New covering materials high light transmittance good insulation technical solution: double glazing using anti reflex glass (AR-glass) double or triple plastic films combination of glass and plastic film Problems: - too high air humidity

10 Combination of glass and plastic film, construction produced by CENTROSOLAR GLAS GmbH & Co. KG, Fürth GFK glued ETFE- plastic film (Ethylen-Tetrafluor-Ethylen) 2 cm AR-glass glued GFK+profile profile ETFE-plastic film 2 cm AR-glass profile FGFK+profile profile ETFE-plastic film 2 cm ETFE- plastic film profile source: Reisinger, 2004, modified

11 Combination of glass and plastic film, Advantages - same light transmittance as single glazing, but 50 % energy saving - switchable insulation (snow) - high stability - hail save (plastic film) - condensation: film condensation inside (glass) - reduced growing time - 40 to 50 % transmittance for UVB-radiation source: Reisinger, 2004, modified

12 Hot-Box-measurement angle like greenhouse roof, Photo Hinken 2008

13 U-value: comparison of all measurements U-value in % (single glass 100 %)140 glass/bar single glass GFK GFK+profile FGFK+profile 20 angle 26 with condensation angle 26 without condensation vertical horizontal 0 source: Hinken, Tantau, Ulbrich, Hoffmann, Reisinger, 2008, modified

14 Reduction of energy consumption by 90 %: Thermal screens Requirements: no light reduction during day time switchable thermal insulation Technical solution: double or triple thermal screen with different materials Problems: - air humidity (control of thermal screen)

15 Reduction of energy consumption by 90 %: Requirements: Closed Greenhouses no air exchange through leakages insect protected greenhouses CO 2 -supply Technical solution: insect screens in front of the ventilation opening use of solar energy (day-night-storage) ventilation as late as possible Problems: - air humidity, dehumidification necessary

16 Reduction of energy consumption by 90 %: Energy saving control strategies Requirements: using the compensation potential of a crop temperature integration Technical solution: long term temperature integration climate management (temperature, air humidity, light) phytomonitoring (measurement of phytosignals ) Problems: - compensation potential is unknown

17 Example: results of temperature integration (source: Ludolph, Hannover Ahlem)

18 Example: limits of temperature integration (source: Ludolph, Hannover Ahlem)

19 Reduction of energy consumption by 90 %: Cropping program with seasonal adapted temperatures Requirements: during winter season lower set-points for temperature Solution: adaptation of the cropping program selection of cold tolerant varieties long term: plant breeding Problems: - high air humidity, crop protection, fungi infections - economy

20 Renewable Energy Requirements: availability in winter time inexpensive CO 2 -neutral Technical solution: use of solar energy (surplus heat of the greenhouse) use of CO 2 -neutral Energy Problems: - availability during winter period -economy

21 ZINEG: Laufzeit, Förderung Investitionsmittel für die Forschungs- und Demonstrationsanlagen sind bewilligt: Die Förderung des Bauvorhabens erfolgt aus Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit unter Federführung des Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz (BMELV) mit Unterstützung der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE). Anträge für die Forschung sind in der Begutachtung. Laufzeit: bis gefördert aus Mitteln der Rentenbank unter Federführung des Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz (BMELV) mit Unterstützung der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE)

22 Hot-Boxen: Auftraggeber, Kooperationspartner Auftraggeber: Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG III): Phytosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Dr. Andreas Ulbrich Kooperationspartner: CENTROSOLAR GLAS GmbH & Co. KG, Fürth Dr. Thomas Hofmann Universität Bonn, Versuchstation Marhof Dipl-Ing. Gerhard Reisinger Siedenburger Gewächshausbau, Rahden Dipl.-Kfm. Jens Riemer

23 Thank you very much for your attention!