Bavarian Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Programme: A useful Tool to Analyze the Drought 2003 and its Effects on Forests

Transkript

1 Bavarian Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Programme: A useful Tool to Analyze the Drought 23 and its Effects on Forests Stephan Raspe, Hans-Peter Dietrich, Günter Dobler, Georg Gietl, Winfried Grimmeisen, Frank Kroll, Bernd Schultze, Christoph Schulz, Alfred Schubert

2 Structure Bavarian Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Program History Objectives Programme Effects of drought 23 on: Meteorology Water budget Phenology Litterfall Growth Conclusion

3 History Resolutions of the Bavarian federal state parliament: 1984 intensification of the forest meteorological research 1987 reinforcement of the research of effects of longterm global climate change 1991 establishing of a Bavaria-far basic net of forest climate stations starting of the Bavarian Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Station Programme (Waldklimastationen) since 1992 European community: 1992 regulation for the establishment of level II plots

4 UNECE SEARCH SITEMAP PROGRAMMES Documents Home ICP Forests ICP Waters ICP Materials ICP Vegetation ICP Integrated Monitoring ICP Modelling and Mapping Task Force on Health Print this page Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution Working Group on Effects International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) Chairman: Mr.T. Haußmann Head of Programme Centre: Mr. M. Lorenz ICP Forests was set up to monitor the effects of air pollution on Europe's forests. The mandate of ICP Forests is : to monitor effects of anthropogenic (in particular air pollution) and natural stress factors on the condition and development of forest ecosystems in Europe and to contribute to a better understanding of cause-effect relationships in forest ecosystem functioning in various parts of Europe

5 The main objectives of ICP Forests include the monitoring of forest condition on a representative, systematic grid net throughout Europe (Level I) and the intensive monitoring on a number of selected permanent plots (Level II). In detail the objectives are: 1. to provide a periodic overview on the spatial and temporal variation in forest condition in relation to anthropogenic (in particular air air pollution) as as well well as as natural stress stress factors on on an an European and national large-scale systematic network (Level I), 2. to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between the condition of forest ecosystems and anthropogenic (in particular air air pollution) as as well well as as natural stress stress factors through intensive monitoring on a number of selected permanent observation plots spread over Europe (Level II) and to study the development of important forest ecosystems in Europe, 3. to provide a deeper insight into the interactions between the various components of forest ecosystems by compiling available information from related studies, 4. to contribute in close co-operation with the ICP on Modelling and Mapping to the calculation of critical levels/loads and their exceedancesin in forests and to to improve collaboration with other environmental monitoring programmes inside and outside the CLRTAP, 5. to contribute by means of the monitoring activities to other aspects of relevance for forest policy at national, pan-european and global level, such as effects of climate changes on forests, sustainable forest management and biodiversity in forests, 6. to provide policy-makers and the general public with relevant information.

6 Objectives Bavarian Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Programme Characterization of the Condition and Dynamic of the Forest Stands Soils Water Effects of Air Pollution Climate Change...

7 Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Programme Level II Plots in 22 Europe Europe Bad Brückenau Bavaria Rothenkirchen more Rothenbuch than 88 plots Goldkronach Ebrach Würzburg Flossenbürg Pegnitz in 31 countries Altdorf Bodenwöhr Dinkelsbühl obligatorily for EU states Buche Riedenburg Mitterfels Buche / Ei Eiche / Bu Landau ("Forest Eiche / Es focus") Europ. Lärche Zusmarshausen Freising Altötting Ebersberg standardized Fichte Fichte/ Ta (Bu) programme Schongau and Kiefer methods Kreuth Sonthofen Berchtesgaden 22 plots all over Bavaria

8 Bavarian Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Programme phenology (weekly) foliar composition (annual / 2 years) crown condition (annual) deposition (weekly) meteorology (15 minutes) litter (monthly) ground vegetation (annual) soil condition (15 years ) increment (annual / 5 years) soil solution (2-4 weeks) througfall and stemflow (3 minutes / weekly) soil moisture (3 minutes) standard programme at all plots additional surveys at 6 plots

9 Results from the Drought 23

10 6 Global Radiation 23 deviation from long term average Ø 2 W/m² increase of 2 % 4 [W/ m²] 2 Jan Feb Mrz Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez -2-4 BBR FRE WUE

11 Temperature 23 deviation from long term average exceedance of long term average WKS Freising [ C] below long term average -5 Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez -1

12 12 Precipitation 23 cumulative sum WKS Freising [l/m²] 8-31% 4 Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez

13 Temperature and Precipitation deviation from long term average ( ) May - September 6 lower and middle Franconia south and east Bavarian lowlands secondary chain of mountains alpine foreland and alps WUE ALT EBR DIN ROT BOD PEG RIE FRE ZUS ROK GOL BBR FLO MIT AOE EBE SOG KRE SON BER precipitation deficit [l/m²] difference in temperature [K] -6-6

14 Soil Water Reservoir Measurement & Modelling

15 Soil Water Content Measurement 3 cm depth

16 Soil Water Content Measurement 23 and 24 Flossenbürg loamy sand / spruce Freising loam / beech/ oak Riedenburg clay / oak / beech 5 depth: 5cm depth : 5cm depth : 5cm Soil water content [vol.%] depth : 2cm depth : 8cm not available depth : 3cm depth : 7cm i depth : 3cm depth : 9cm J F M A M J J A S O N D J J F M A M J J A S O N D J J F M A M J J A S O N D J

17 LWF-Brook9 V 11

18 Modelling of Plant Available Soil Water [l/m²] /spruce 23/beech long term average 5 stress beech Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug stress spruce Sep Okt Nov Dez

19 Modelling of Plant Available Soil Water plant available water [l/m²] standard vegetation period WKS Freising standard vegetation period modelled vegetation period standard vegetation period J A J O J A J O J A J O

20 1,8,6,4,2 Transpiration Index August 23 long term average 23 alps ALT BOD DIN PEG AOE EBE FLO GOL_Bk ROK ZUS_St KRE SON BER BBR EBR FRE_pF MIT SOG LAN RIE ROT WUE pine spruce larch beech oak Ta/Tp Pegnitz higher altitudes alpine foreland

21 Water deficiency in Bavaria August/September 23 8 x 8 km pattern of crown condition monitoring

22 Water deficiency in Bavaria August/September 23 Partly water deficiency was more than 1 l/m² 8 x 8 km pattern of crown condition monitoring only in the alpine region sufficiently water

23 Observation of Drought Damages BB R : stron 3 g lea drou ght) f fall (as s um ed b y zbad Brückenau z Rothenkirchen zrothenbuch z z B z Ebrach Goldkronach z Flossenbürg z Pegnitz Würzbu Würzburg sed u a 3 c. 7 ng z Altdorf 5. alli 1 f : e E z Bodenwöhr s ar e WU f a e z Dinkelsbühl en l ght e r G rou z Buche z Riedenburg zmitterfels d y b Buche / Ei z z z z Landau Eiche / Bu Eiche / Es B z Europ. Lärche Zusmarshausen Fichte z Ebersberg Fichte / Ta (Bu) z Schongau Kiefer Freising Kreuth z Sonthofen LAN : Yell 3 o fruit wing o z Altötting s caued f leafes a by d roug nd fallin ht g of K z Berchtesgaden B Bark beetle attack

24 Litterfall August + September Beech 4 3 Oak [kg/ha] 6 [kg/ha] BBR EBR FRE MIT SOG LAN RIE ROT WUE Spruce 1 8 Pine Mittel [kg/ha] 8 6 [kg/ha] AOE EBE FLO GOL KRE ROK SON ZUS ALT BOD DIN PEG

25 Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Change of diameter Pure Stands,5 WKS Ebersberg/Spruce,4,3,2,1 change of diameter [cm] Jun. Mai. Apr. Mrz. Feb. Jan. Aug. Jul.,4,35,3,25,2,15,1,5 -,5 WKS Altdorf/Pine Feb. Mrz. Apr. Mai. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. -,1 WKS Mitterfels/Beech,5 WKS Flossenbürg/Spruce ,4,3,2,1 Jan. Feb. Mrz. Apr. Mai. Jun. Jul. Aug. -, ,2 Apr. Mrz. Feb. Jul. Jun. Mai. Dez. Nov. Okt. Sep. Aug. Jan. change of diameter [cm] change of diameter [cm] Jan.,2,15,1,5 -,5 -, : +14 % 23: -32 % 23: -53 % 24: -5 % 23: +14 % 24: +12 % 23: -38 % 24: -11 % change of diameter [cm]

26 Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez.,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 -,1 Change of Diameter Mixed Stands WKS Freising/Beech,5 WKS Freising/Oak ,4,3,2,1 Jan. Feb. Mrz. Apr. Mai. Jun. Jul. Aug. -, ,2 Mai. Apr. Mrz. Feb. Jul. Jun. Dez. Nov. Okt. Sep. Aug. Jan. change of diameter [cm] change of diameter [cm],7,6,5,4,3,2,1 -,1 23: -41 % 24: -19 % 23: -39 % 24: -51 % WKS Riedenburg/Beech 23: -33 % 24: -16 %,35,3,25,2,15,1, WKS Riedenburg/Oak 23: +2 % 24: +6 % Jul. Jun. Mai. Apr. Mrz. Feb. Jan. Aug. -,5 -,1 Apr. Mrz. Feb. Jul. Jun. Mai. Dez. Nov. Okt. Sep. Aug. Jan. change of diameter [cm] change of diameter [cm]

27 Conclusion Bavarian Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Programme started in 1992 meteorology at all 22 plots cause and effect measurements in direct proximity effects of drought 23 clearly documented level II programme is a useful tool for the foreseeing environmental protection