The Malm Aquifer in the pre-alpine Molasse Basin Hydrogeology and Temperature Distribution with Indications of Influences by the Alps

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The Malm Aquifer in the pre-alpine Molasse Basin Hydrogeology and Temperature Distribution with Indications of Influences by the Alps Michael Schneider 1

1 The Malm Aquifer in the pre-alpine Molasse Basin Hydrogeology and Temperature Distribution with Indications of Influences by the Alps Michael Schneider 1 & Anna M. Przybycin 1,2 1 Freie Universität Berlin Arbeitsbereich Hydrogeologie 2 German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ - Helmholtz Centre Potsdam 1

3 C/100m Sedimentary Basin Geothermal potential in Germany red areas: Aquifers with temperatures above 100 C orange: Aquifers with temperatures above 60 C up to 4.

Triassic - Middle Bunter sandstones Upper Triassic - Keuper sandstones Rhätian - Lower Jurassic complex Middle Jurassic ( Dogger ) - sandstones Lower Cretaceous - sandstones Upper

2 3 C/100m Sedimentary Basin Geothermal potential in Germany red areas: Aquifers with temperatures above 100 C orange: Aquifers with temperatures above 60 C up to 4.5 C/100m 3 C/100m Figure from: Schulz (2009) (Schulz 2009; Thomas 1994) Main aquifers with geothermal potential Northern German Sedimentary Basin (~ m depth): Lower Triassic - Middle Bunter sandstones Upper Triassic - Keuper sandstones Rhätian - Lower Jurassic complex Middle Jurassic ( Dogger ) - sandstones Lower Cretaceous - sandstones Upper Rhine Graben (~ m depth): Lower Triassic - Middle Buntsandstein Middle Triassic - Upper Muschelkalk Southern German Molasse Basin (~ m depth): Upper Jurassic (Malm) - dolomitic limestones 2

3 Hydrochemistry Region Northern German Sedimentary Basin Total dissolved solids (TDS) [mg/kg] Water type Origin Location Na - Cl Formation water Lower Saxony Upper Rhine Graben Na - Cl Na-(Ca)-Cl Formation water sw Darmstadt Landau Southern German Molasse Basin > Ca-(Mg)-HCO 3 Na-Ca-Mg-HCO 3 Na-Ca-HCO 3 -Cl Na-HCO 3 -Cl Na-Cl-HCO 3 Na-Cl-HCO 3 /Na-Ca-Cl shallow aquifer Ion - exchange Ion - exchange Ion - exchange crystalline Formation water n rim of basin n central basin s central basin Lower Bavarian basin ne basin sw basin (Thomas, 1994; Birner et al. 2011) 3

$fractures + karstification +$

4 Geological cross-section of the Molasse Basin Erdwerk GmbH 2005 Hydraulic conductivity of aquifer: matrix porosity + fractures + karstification + faults Hydraulically active: upper Malm 4

5 Hydrochemical facies: regional distribution (Birner et al. 2011) 5

6 Hydrogeological interpretation of the carbonate facies (Modified from Meyer & Schmidt-Kaler, 1996) 6

7 Regional distribution of the carbonate facies 7

8 Regional distribution of hydraulic conductivity (Birner, 2013) 8

Lithospheric-scale 3D conductive thermal calculations Basin-scale 3D

9 Temperature distribution at a depth of 3500m thermal anomalies Origin? Approach: Databased Lithospheric-scale 3D structural modelling Lithospheric-scale 3D conductive thermal calculations Basin-scale 3D coupled fluid flow and heat transport simulations GeotIS, Bayerischer Geothermieatlas 9

Databased 3D structural modelling Elevation (m asl) Nördliner Ries Faltenmolasse Vorlandmolasse Kreidesedimente Malm (Oberes Jura) PreMalm-Sedimente Alpenkörper Tauernkörper 500 km (N-S) x 450 km

10 Databased 3D structural modelling Elevation (m asl) Nördliner Ries Faltenmolasse Vorlandmolasse Kreidesedimente Malm (Oberes Jura) PreMalm-Sedimente Alpenkörper Tauernkörper 500 km (N-S) x 450 km (E-W) (Przybycin et al. 2015b) - Topographie (NATIONAL OCEANIC ANDATHMOSPHERICADMINISTRATION NOAA) - 2D Tiefen- und Mächtigkeitskarten (BAYERISCHER GEOTHERMIEATLAS 2010 GEOLOGIE VON BAYERN 1996 LFU) - 3D Strukturmodel von München und Baden-Württemberg (LIAG LGRB BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG) - Bohrdaten (BAYERISCHER GEOTHERMIEATLAS 2010) - Seismiken (TRANSALP, CELEBRATION2000, ALPASS, ALP2002) - Schwerefeld (EGM2008) 10

11 Lithospheric-scale conductive thermal field Vertical exaggeration 1:4 Randbedingungen Oben: variable Jahresdurchschnittstemperature der letzten 30Jahre (Dirichlet) Unten: 1300 an der LAB (Dirichlet) 11

12 Conductive thermal effects Thermal blanketing effect basin crust Chimney effect Tauern B. LAB Effect Crustal Effect crust vertical exaggeration 1: 2 12

13 Basin-scale model N Alpine front Danube -7500m Przybycin et al. 2015a 13

14 Basin-scale model Malm conductivity Birner (2013; Dissertation) C increased vertical resolution: 12 lithostratigraphic units from surface to crystalline crust Przybycin et al Exportierte Temperatur aus konduktivem Model in -7500m NN (Dirichlet), lower boundary condition 14

15 Results: Temperatures Malm at -3500m compared to measured values Coupled transport masl Munich Bavaria T [ C GeotIS Tauern Body 15

16 Coupled transport Przybycin et al. (subm. To Geothermics) 16

17 Summary - Hydraulic conductivity of the carbonate aquifer: interaction between karstification, fracture and matrix permeability, and large-scale tectonic structures - Dolomitization and karstification are essential processes for matrix permeabilities - Identification of basin-wide GW-movements by means of hydrochemical research and interpretation of facies distribution - Heat transport processes at deeper parts are dominated by conductive heat transport, shallower parts show combination of conductive and advective heat transport - Thermal field is cooled down significantly by fluid flow in the whole basin - Faults have only minor/local effect - Thermal anomalies are triggerd by the depth of the LAB, the configuration of the crystalline crust and the presence of the Tauern and Alpine Body > and are strengthend by fluid flow related cooling: - Positive anomalies: basin-wide deep fluid flow - Negative anomaly: local fluid flow, depending on distribution and configuration of Purbeck 17

18 Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit! 18

19 For more detailed information please refer to our website: Website of GeotIS - Geothermal Information System Germany: Research projects were funded by Federal Ministry for Environment (Germany) References Birner, J., Mayr, C., Thomas, L., Schneider, M., Baumann, T. & Winkler, A. (2011): Hydrochemie und Genese der tiefen Grundwässer im bayerischen Teil des Süddeutschen Molassebeckens.- Z. geol. Wiss., 39/3-4: Birner, J. (2013): Hydrogeologisches Modell des Malmaquifers im Süddeutschen Molassebecken.- Diss. FU Berlin, 86 p. Project reports: Schneider, M. & Thomas, L. (eds.; 2012): Wissenschaftliche und technische Grundlagen zur strukturgeologischen und hydrogeologischen Charakterisierung tiefer geothermisch genutzter Grundwasserleiter am Beispiel des süddeutschen Molassebeckens.- Verbundprojekt, BMU (FKZ ), Final Report. Schulz, R. (2009) [ed.]: Aufbau eines geothermischen Informationssystems für Deutschland (Endbericht BMU Forschungsvorhaben ), LIAG Archiv-Nr.: : 114 S.; Hannover. 19

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