Grammar Slides KAPITEL 23

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1 Grammar Slides KAPITEL 23

2 da(r)-compounds da- + preposition e.g. an, auf, aus, bei, durch, für, gegen, hinter, in, mit, nach, neben, über, um, unter, von, vor, zu, zwischen r inserted if the preposition begins with a vowel. Prepositions (Korb, Kapitel 6): Prepositions indicate relations such as time, position, direction, and cause and effect, between their noun or pronoun object and other items in a sentence (64). Two types of compounds: Da(r)- generally replaces a personal or demonstrative pronoun that refers to a singular or plural inanimate object or an area. Da(r)- compounds may also anticipate clauses (usually dass clauses) or infinitive phrases that complete idiomatic combinations of verbs or nouns and prepositions (244)

3 Da(r)- compounds used to replace a pronoun (auf ihn/den) (in ihnen/diesen) (mit ihnen/diesen)

4 Da(r)-Compounds anticipating clauses Viele Leute glaubten nicht daran, dass die Erde rund ist. (verb+prep: glauben an) Many people did not believe (the fact that) the earth is round. Die Mannschaft des Schiffes klagte darüber, dass die Reise zu lange dauerte. (verb+prep: klagen über) The ship s crew complained (about the fact) that the trip lasted too long. In diesem Artikel ist der Autor damit beschäftigt, die Basilika in Assisi zu beschreiben. (verb+prep: sich mit etw. beschäftigen) In this article the author is engaged in describing the basilica in Assisi. Der große Beitrag dieses Malers bestand darin, die perspektivische Malerei zu fördern. (verb+prep: bestehen in (or often aus, auf) This painter s great contribution consisted in promoting perspective painting.

5 Da(r)-Compounds Anticipating Clauses cont d Particularly common with common combinations of verbs or nouns and prepositions. See Kapitel 20.2 (Korb 215-6) for such idiomatic phrases. N.b. careful with multiple possibilities for verb+preposition combinations, e.g. bestehen in/aus/auf (see previous slide). Look at multiple possibilities in the dictionary/lexicon entry. Translate: preposition + the fact that; or preposition + gerund (verb ending in ing); other times, no translation is needed. Die Ungleichheit zwischen armen und reichen Ländern gehört seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zu den wichtigsten Themen der internationalen Politik. Dieses Buch zeigt historisch auf, welche Formen des Wissens dabei global bedeutsam wurden. The inequality between poor and rich countries belongs since the Second World War to the most important themes of international politics. This book demonstrates historically which forms of knowledge became significant (thereby) in this process.

6 Idiomatic uses of da(r)- compounds (thereby) (in contrast) (from thence)

7 Idiomatic uses of da(r)- compounds

8 As Interrogatives: Wo(r)- compounds

9 Introducing Relative Clauses (cf. Korb Kapitel 16.5, S. 176): Wo(r)- compounds

10 Hier- Compounds Hierauf werden wir später zurückkommen. We will come back to this later. Hierin muss ich Ihnen recht geben. I have to admit you are right in this (matter). Hiermit beenden wir unsere Unterhaltung. With this we conclude our conversation. Hierzu braucht man viel Zeit und Geld. A lot of time and money are needed for this. Similarly, but less often: hierauf, hieraus, hierbei, hierdurch, hierfür, hiergegen, hierin, hiermit, hierüber, hierunter, hierzu Translate the preposition first, then hier as this.

11 Adverbs of Direction in Prepositional Phrases hin: direction away from the speaker her: direction toward the speaker Can emphasize a directional adverb when it comes at the end of a prepositional phrase. In these cases, you may not need to translate hin/her into English.

12 Adverbs of Direction in Prepositional Phrases

13 Introductory es Not the Real Subject N.b. When es is merely a placeholder, the finite verb agrees not with the grammatical subject of the sentence, but rather with the singular or plural subject of the sentence that follows.

14 Introductory es Not the Real Subject N.b. for the phrase es gibt, the es is the true subject, thus geben is always singular (es gibt).

15 Clauses without a Subject Implied es (es elided)