Wasser und Landwirtschaft

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1 Wasser und Landwirtschaft Agriglobal 14. Nov Alexander Müller Senior Fellow Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) Potsdam/Germany

2 Globale Wasserentnahme Industrie 20% Städte 10% Sektoraler Wasserverbrauch Landwirtschaft entnimmt mit 70 % den größten Anteil an Wasser! Landwirtschaft In einigen Entwicklungsländern 70% bis zu 90%

3 FAO

4 Ernährung und Wasser FAO Produkt (m 3 pro Kg) Rind 15 Schaf 10 Schwein 6 Huhn 2.8 Eier 4.7 Käse 5.3 Milch 0.9 Getreide 1.5 Früchte 1.0 Gemüse 1.0

5 Gibt es genug Wasser? Wasserverbrauch im Vergleich zu den Wassersesourcen today in Source: Global Perspective Studies Unit, FAO

6 Ausbau der Bewässerung Hektar ausgerüstet für Bewässerung 1961/ / million ha % p.a. World Developed countries Developing countries excl. China and India sub-saharan Africa Latin America Near East/North Africa South Asia East Asia

7 Wasser, Lebensmittel und Bioenergie Wasserbedarf: 1 Kilo Weizen: Liter 1 Kilo Rindfleisch: Liter Täglicher Wasserbedarf pro Person: Trinken: 2-3 Liter Haushalt: Liter Lebensmittel: Liter mit Liter Wasser kann: Essen für eine Persone für einen Tag produziert warden, oder 1 Liter Biotreibstoff (abhängig von der Produktionsform und der region)

8 Global Water Scarcity (2000)

9 Handel mit Wasser Maize, rice, wheat and barley Oki et al., 2003 Based on FAO Statistics (2000)

10 Total population (billions) 16 Bevölkerungswachstum geht weiter Wachstumsraten werden kleiner Annual increments (millions) High variant low variant Source: UNPD, 2008

11 Bevölkerungswachstum 2010 und 2100 (Millionen)

12 billion people Urbanization to accelerate Rural Urban

13 Prozent Expected overall food production growth to / / / World Developed Developing

14 Outlook2050/80: provisional nutritional outcomes (global averages/aggregates) undernourished % of population with kcal/person/day obese % million >2700 >3000 % million 2005/

15 Lebensmittelabfall und Wasser

16 Results Volumes Weltweit wurden 2007 schätzungsweise 1.3 Milliarden Tonnen agrarische Produkte weggeworfen

17 Million tonnes Results Volumes Weltweit wurden 2007 schätzungsweise 1.3 Milliarden Tonnen agrarische Produkte weggeworfen 2,500 2,500 Agricultural production volumes vs. Food wastage volumes Agricultural production volumes vs. Food wastage volumes 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,000 1, Cereals Starchy roots Oilcrops Pulses Fruits (excluding Meat Fish Seafood Milk (excluding Vegetables Cereals Starchy roots Oilcrops & Pulses Fruits (excluding Meat Fish & Seafood Milk (excluding Vegetables (excluding beer) wine) butter) Eggs (excluding beer) wine) butter) & Eggs Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity 1 Commodity 2 Commodity 3 Commodity 4 Commodity 5 Commodity 6 Commodity 7 Commodity 8 Agricultural production (FBS) Food wastage Food wastage Edible part only Agricultural production (FBS) Food wastage Food wastage - Edible part only The sum of the domestic agricultural production of all countries is about 6 Gtonnes. This value includes also agricultural production for other uses than food. 17

18 Jede Region in der Welt hat hat ein spezifisches Profil Results Volumes Volumes for the edible and the non-edible parts of food.

19 Million tonnes Results Volumes Weltweit verteilt sich die Menge des Abfalls gleichermaßen zwischen der Produktionsseite (54%) und dem Konsum (46%). 600 Food wastage volumes, at world level by phase of the food supply chain Upstream Downstream Agricultural production Postharvest handling and storage Processing Distribution Consumption FSC 1 FSC 2 FSC 3 FSC 4 FSC 5 Volumes for the edible and the non-edible parts of food.

20 Gtonnes CO 2 eq. CO 2 Results Carbon footprint Der carbon foot print von Lebensmittelabfall wird auf 3.3 Gt CO 2 eq., geschätzt. 8 Total GHGs emissions excluding LULUCF Top 20 of countries (year 2005, WRI) vs. Food wastage Source for blue bars: WRI, Climate Analysis Indicators Tool. Available at:

21 % % of of total CO 2 Results Carbon footprint Tierische Produkte: 33 % des globalen carbon footprint, aber 15 % des Lebensmittelabfalls. 40% 40% Contribution of of each commodity to to food wastage and carbon footprint 35% 35% 30% 30% 25% 25% 20% 20% 15% 15% 10% 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% Cereals Starchy roots Oilcrops Pulses Fruits (excluding Meat Fish Seafood Milk (excluding Vegetables Cereals Starchy roots Oilcrops & Pulses Fruits (excluding Meat Fish & Seafood Milk (excluding Vegetables (excluding beer) wine) butter) Eggs (excluding beer) wine) butter) & Eggs Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity 1 Commodity 2 Commodity 3 Commodity 4 Commodity 5 Commodity 6 Commodity 7 Commodity 8 Food wastage Carbon footprint Food wastage Carbon footprint 21

22 % of total Results Blue water footprint Der blue water footprint des Lebensmittelabfalls ist ca. 250 km3, (3-faches Volumen des Genfer Sees) 40% Contribution of each region to food wastage and blue water footprint 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Europe North America & Oceania Industrialized Asia Subsahara Africa North Africa, Western Asia and Central Asia South and Southeast Asia Latin America Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5 Region 6 Region 7 Food wastage Blue water footprint Blue water footprint is the total consumption of surface and ground water resources to produce a product

23 km 3 of blue water Results Blue water footprint Wenn Lebensmittelabfall ein Land wäre, dann wäre es auf Platz 1 der Liste der Länder für den Wasser Fußabdruck 300 Total blue water footprint for consumption of agricultural products Top 10 of countries (yearly average over the period ) vs. Food wastage Food wastage India China Pakistan USA Iran Egypt Mexico Turkey Indonesia Spain Source for blue bars: Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra, A.Y., National water footprint accounts: the green, blue and grey water footprint of production and consumption. 23

24 Results Blue water footprint Der durchschnittl. Wasser Fußabdruck für Lebensmittelabfälle pro Person ist rund 38 m 3 (Person/Jahr). 24

25 % % of of total Results Blue water footprint Getreide und Früchte tragen ca. 52 % and 18% zum Wasser-Fußabdruck bei ihre Menge an Abfällen beträgt 26% und 16%. 60% 60% Contribution of each commodity to food wastage and blue water footprint Contribution of each commodity to food wastage and blue water footprint 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% Cereals (excluding Starchy roots Oilcrops Pulses Fruits (excluding Meat Milk (excluding Vegetables Cereals beer) (excluding Starchy roots Oilcrops & Pulses Fruits wine) (excluding Meat Milk butter) (excluding Eggs Vegetables beer) wine) butter) & Eggs Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity Commodity 1 Commodity 2 Commodity 3 Commodity 4 Commodity 5 Commodity 7 Commodity 8 Food wastage Blue water footprint Food wastage Blue water footprint 25

26 % of total Results Land occupation Für Lebensmittelabfall wurden 2007 fast 1.4 Milliarden Hektar genutzt, dies entspricht ca. 28% des landwirtschaftlich genutzten Landes 90% Contribution of each commodity to food wastage and land occupation 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Cereals (excluding beer) Starchy roots Oilcrops & Pulses Fruits (excluding wine) Meat & Milk Eggs Vegetables Commodity 1 Commodity 2 Commodity 3 Commodity 4 Commodity 5/7 Commodity 7 Commodity 8 Food wastage Land occupation 26

27 Der Klimawandel als neue Herausforderung

28 Source : FAO, NR Department

29 Source : FAO, NR Drought SIDS Cyclones/Extreme events Sea level rise incidence (mangroves/deltas/sids)

30 The 2003 summer heat wave in Europe MODIS data 30% reduction in gross primary production of terrestrial ecosystems Large reductions in agricultural production (13 billion ) Many very large wildfires Large CO 2 emissions from soils Record low river flows affecting ecosystems, navigation and cooling of power plants Extreme glacier melt in the Alps prevented extremely low flows in the Danube river Excess deaths due to very hot temperatures (about 35,000) IPCC WG-II (2007)

31 Landwirtschaft muß sich an den Klimawandel anpassen!

32 Danke sehr