Neue Technologien für die Übertragungsnetze von Morgen

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1 Titel Untertitel: Stichpunkt 1.Ebene Stichpunkt 2.Ebene Neue Technologien für die Übertragungsnetze von Morgen Quelle: Axpo Christian M. Franck (ETH Zürich, D-ITET, HVL) ESC / RGI Anlass: «Das Stromnetz der Zukunft», 18. Juni 2015 Christian M. Franck 1

2 Motivation increased use of new renewable generation sites long distance between source and load fluctuating sources and loads remote bulk storage sites but: little public acceptance for large infrastructure projects Christian M. Franck 2

3 What are the options (today)? Building new overhead lines «Upgrading» existing infrastructure Underground transmission lines Aim of talk: Give overview on (near future) technology options with advantages and disadvantages Give two detailed examples on present research at ETH-HVL Christian M. Franck 3

4 New OHL (established) Typical tower structures and rights-of-way for alternative transmission systems (2000 MW) [Arrillaga, 1998] Christian M. Franck 4

5 New OHL (novel) 16.7 Hz transmission - lower losses - less reactive power Novel tower design Four-circuit Wintrack pylon (380kV) [tennet.eu] Christian M. Franck 5

6 Upgrading make better use of existing infrastructure Voltage increase 220kV 380kV 380kV 500kV Christian M. Franck 6

7 Upgrading make better use of existing infrastructure Voltage increase 220kV 380kV 380kV 500kV PMU / FACTS devices [abb.com] Christian M. Franck 7

8 Upgrading make better use of existing infrastructure Voltage increase 220kV 380kV 380kV 500kV PMU / FACTS devices High Temperature Conductors [abb.com] [3m.com] Christian M. Franck 8

9 Upgrading make better use of existing infrastructure Voltage increase 220kV 380kV 380kV 500kV PMU / FACTS devices High Temperature Conductors Dynamic Line Rating Hybrid HVAC/HVDC overhead lines [3m.com] [abb.com] Christian M. Franck 9

10 Upgrading make better use of existing infrastructure Voltage increase 220kV 380kV 380kV 500kV High Temperature Conductors PMU / FACTS devices Dynamic Line Rating Hybrid HVAC/HVDC overhead lines Example in this presentation Christian M. Franck 10

11 Undergrounding (today) Paper-Oil Insulated cables [abb.com] XLPE insulated cables [bruggcables.com] Christian M. Franck 11

12 Undergrounding (prospective) Gas Insulated Lines [siemens.com] Superconducting Cables [nexans.de] Christian M. Franck 12

13 Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead lines In cooperation with and/or supported by: Christian M. Franck 13

14 Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead lines 400kV multi-circuit AC line replace one AC system with HVDC using existing construction Research question: optimal conductor arrangement subject to legislation constraints? (several hundred options) Christian M. Franck 14

15 Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead lines advantage: o o DC power with U peak no skin-effect No reactive power of line Better control of power flow (n-1 criterion) ~ + ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ + Influencing factors: Split up AC bundles? Neutral return? Structural strength? Voltage increase? Insulators? Corona? Christian M. Franck 15

16 Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead lines Corona: effects: - partial discharges due to locally enhanced fields - Ionisation above critical surface voltage gradient - space-charge dominated electric field strength power loss, space charge, radio interference audible noise, ozone production [Kapzow 1955] Foto: High Voltage Laboratory, ETH source: ETH Zürich Christian M. Franck 16

17 Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead lines effects: power loss, space charge, radio interference audible noise, ozone production AC fields magnetic ground field electric ground field Corona AC-Corona DC fields magnetic ground field electric ground field Ion currents Corona DC-Corona Quelle: ETH Zürich Christian M. Franck 17

18 Corona investigation at ETH Zurich (HVL) Calculation of Ion currents Current coupling Fields on ground Audible noise Verification of simulations with experiments Christian M. Franck 18

19 Corona investigation at ETH Zurich (HVL) HVAC (6m) kv eff HVDC (6m) ± kv HVL-Lab FKH-Däniken source: Google Maps l = 40m d = var. Outdoor (in preparation) 19

20 Field enhancement on ground by ions Electric field is influenced by ion currents (space charge) Conductor arrangement Optimization possible conductors can shield ion currents but: current coupling [Guillod 2013], ETH 20

21 Ion drift by wind wind increases corona current Influence of wind direction wider corridor? increased coupling? [Guillod et al. 2014], ETH 21

22 DC corona and rain (lab) (1) Start of rain: Corona onset due to rain drops Increasing number of drops Increasing corona current decreasing audible noise level (1) (2) (3) (2) steady-state rain: Many (sharp) droplets Highest ion current level Lowest audible noise level (3) After rain (drying off): Few (blunt) drops Highest audible noise level lowest ion current (1) Start of rain, drops on top (2) Constant rain, many (sharp) drops (3) After rain (drying off), few (blunt) drops 22

23 Future Electric Power Transmission today: MVA «tomorrow»: MVA Christian M. Franck 23

24 Future Electric Power Transmission 2 x 400 kv AC : 2 x MVA 400 kv AC : MVA 500 kv DC : MVA 400 kv AC : MW today: MVA «tomorrow»: MVA Christian M. Franck 24

25 Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit

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