Wood production and harvesting within the Natura 2000 network in Bavaria

Transkript

1 Wood production and harvesting within the Natura 2000 network in Bavaria Theresia Holzamer, Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests

2 1. Forests and Natura 2000 in Bavaria 2. Regulation of wood production and harvesting 3. Impact of Natura Management of the protected sites 5. Conclusion / Forecast Folie 2 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

3 1. Forests and Natura 2000 in Bavaria 2,56 Mio ha forest area 980 Mio m³ standing volume timber harvested annually: 17 Mio m³ annual increment: 33 Mio m³ standing volume Sector forest/wood/paper: 30 Billion annual turnover employees Folie 3 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

4 1. Forests and Natura 2000 in Bavaria 745 sites, ha, 11,36 % of total area Natura 2000 management plans: 30% finished, 30% in progress Folie 4 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

5 1. Forests and Natura 2000 in Bavaria Percentage of forested area within Natura 2000: 56 % Forest area covered with Natura 2000: 17 % Property situation of forested Natura 2000 sites: Folie 5 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

6 1. Forests and Natura 2000 in Bavaria 15 forest habitat types, 65% beech types (Fagus sylvatica) 33 species FFH II and 28 bird species connected to forests LWF LWF Folie 6 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

7 1. Forests and Natura 2000 in Bavaria Natura 2000 Responsibilities Overall-responsibility: Ministry of Environment and Health Professional responsibility: Non-forests Nature Conservation Administration Forests Forest Service Organisational leadership depending on major land use (Forest / Non Forest) Folie 7 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

8 2. Regulation of wood production and harvesting Federal Forest Act and Bavarian Forest Act = basis for sustainable and close to nature forestry Legal regulations concerning e.g. clearing, clearcutting, soil protection Within legal frame free choice of forest management aims State owned and municipal forests: Forest regulation / forest management plans are obligatory. Legal requirements are on a high level (model function). Private owned forests: No obligation for forest management plans. Financial incentives (subsidies), consultation service of forest administration, forest owner associations and certification (PEFC, FSC) support close to nature forestry. Folie 8 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

9 3. Impact of Natura 2000 Aim of Natura 2000 = Ensurement / restoration of a favourable conservation status of species and habitats Avoidance of deterioration (Habitat Directive, Birds Directive) Measures are necessary Impact on wood production and harvesting examples: Folie 9 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

10 3. Impact of Natura 2000 Examples of measures to ensure a favourable conservation status and consequences a) Augmentation of percentage of habitat trees Habitat type Carpinion betuli (9160): To risen the conservation status from C to B, three more habitat trees per hectare are necessary loss of income of ~ 400 /ha (within habitat type) C. Frey Folie 10 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

11 3. Impact of Natura 2000 Examples of measures to ensure a favourable conservation status and consequences b) Restriction of logging and opening-up in essential habitats 1 2 BaySF waldwissen.de, J. Hlasek 1 Tetrao urogallus: During mating and breeding season restriction of logging 2 Carabus menetriesi pacholei: Traversion and skidding in habitats restricted Temporary limitation or complete restriction of logging and skidding in prior habitats Folie 11 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

12 3. Impact of Natura 2000 Examples of measures to ensure a favourable conservation status and consequences c) Promotion of habitat typical tree species 1 2 LWF waldwissen.de/m. Feulner 1 Admixture of Douglas fir in beech habitat type 9130 (Asperulo fagetum) 2 Regeneration with decidious tree species in pine stands Change of tree species can deteriorate the favourable conservation status. E.g. percentage of beech in habitat type 9130 under 30% Depending on silvicultural goals restriction of decisions Folie 12 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

13 3. Impact of Natura 2000 Direct consequences of measures on forestry management and wood production goals: - Less options for forest management - Loss of income and profit cuts - Restrictions due to protected species and habitats Impact depends on management goals, and lots of measures can be integrated Folie 13 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

14 3. Impact of Natura Research project (Germany) aiming on results about natural and economic impact of Habitat Directive on forestry and wood production 1. Results of online investigation of forest owners: 60% expect negative consequences on profit average assessment of profit decline: /ha/a a range of owners expects a restriction of their autonomy of decision and negative financial consequences others assess a minimal impact and conformity with their economic aims Folie 14 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

15 3. Impact of Natura Study: Methods of ffh-impact: Study of 18 companies (3 in Bavaria): - Modification of logging costs - Modification of areal impact - Modification of mixture of tree species - Modification of rotation - Modification of administration costs 3 Variants: - Production as yet - Implementation of Natura Implementation of management goals Dynamic model Folie 15 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

16 4. Management of the protected sites - Liability of measures for all authorities: State ist officially responsible for favourable conservation status - Voluntariness = Principle for implementation of Natura 2000 in Bavarian forests Instruments: Round Table Site Managers Consulting Folie 16 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

17 4. Management of the protected sites State forests: a) Integration of all necessary measures in forest management plans - examples: - Protection of rare single stands by respect of natural dynamic - Continuing of close to nature treatment - Augmentation of dead wood and number of habitat trees - Restriction of logging in single stands - All other measures are realized by Program of particular welfare measures (bgwl) Folie 17 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

18 4. Management of the protected sites State forests: b) Nature protection concept - Protection of old and rare stands - Management of dead wood and habitat trees - Classification : Class I II III IV mountains Description old close to nature / rare stands (e.g. beech > 180 y., oak > 300 y.) old / close to nature mixture (> 140 y. / 80 y.) younger close to nature stands others special regulations Folie 18 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

19 4. Management of the protected sites State forests: c) Program of particular welfare measures (bgwl) - Subsidies for Bavarian State Forests - Conservation actions above legal compulsory standard, mainly done for welfare reasons (e.g. restoration of moors) - 90% subsidy - no EU-cofinancing - total amount 2011: Folie 19 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

20 4. Management of the protected sites Municipal and private owned forests Subsidies by Environmental Contracting Program Forest (VNPWald) - Natura 2000 sites and other legally protected sites - total amount 2011: 1 Mio. - no EU-cofinancing Measure Preservation of wolf trees (minimum 6 / hectare) Preservation of dead wood Subsidy (maximum) 80 / hectare /year 70 / hectare / year Abandonement of forestry use 110 (250) / hectare / y. Folie 20 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

21 4. Management of the protected sites Integration: Of people and claims in process Of protection goals in production goals Since 2005 intense efforts in - participation - transparency - communication with forest owners and all stakeholders Folie 21 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

22 5. Conclusion / Forecast - Measures to ensure or restorate a favourable conservation status of forests within Natura 2000 have an impact on wood production and harvesting - Areal measures with small impact / spotty measures with big impact - Especially old stands and percentage of snag are in focus - Within multifunctional forestry, an integration of the Natura 2000 aims in forest management is possible - More experiences with implementation are necessary Folie 22 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

23 5. Conclusion / Forecast - Implementation of Natura 2000 can only be achieved by transparency and participation of all stakeholders - Voluntary implementation and integration of conservation aims in exploitation - Termination of establishment of management plans is key and in sight - Measures eligable for financial support should be extended, e.g. instruments for conservation actions of single protected sites - Need for research (impact and conflicts with mixture of tree species, climate change, abandonment of use ) Folie 23 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012

24 Thank you for your attention! Folie 24 Winter Forest School Poland, March 20-22, 2012 Wimmer