The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action. Switzerland. Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16, 2018

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1 The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action Switzerland Dr. Stephan Brenneisen Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ZHAW Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16, 2018

2 Research 1 & 2 in Basel and Switzerland Action 1: Campaigning green roofs Action 2: Planning green roofs & norms Urban ecological approach Green roofs for biodiversity Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 2

3 Research 1: 1 st Test site : Stormwater management 76.5% 62.8% 43.1% 12 cm 56.4% 54.2% 35.4% 8 cm 47.4% 45.5% 25.8% 5 cm «Roof soil (30% organic content)» Lava-pumise sandy gravel

4 Research 1: Lessons learned The more water the substrate can store, the more biomass you will get on the roof: Your habitat will be determined by the substrate type and thickness Source: ZHAW Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 4

5 Research 1: 16 primary test sites, Basel: large scale Dr. Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences

6 Bioindication pitfall trapping of beetles Bioindicator Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 6

7 Research 1: Technopark Anthicidae (Blumenkäfer) Carabidae (Laufkäfer) Chrysomelidae (Blattkäfer) Curculionidae (Rüsselkäfer) Anthicus antherinu s Hydrophilidae (Wasserfreunde) Amar a aene a Bembidio n femoratu m Bembidion quadrimaculatu m Lathridiidae (Moderkäfer) Lionychus quadrillu m Poecilu s cupreu s Pseudooph o nus griseus Staphylinidae (Kurzflügel Käfer) Aphthona nonstriata Chaetocnem ahortensis Longitarsus luridus Helophorus nubilus Cortinicara gibbosa Aleochara bilineata Aleochara intricata Aloconota gregaria Gabrius brevivent er Paederu s fuscipes Philonthus umbratilis Scopaeu s laevigatu s Scopaeus sulcicollis Tachyporus chrysomelinus Tachyporu s hypnorum Tachyporu s nitidulus The beetle fauna of green roofs correlates highly with the soil and vegetation conditions

8 Research 1: Wollishofen 3 Apionidae (Spitzmausrüssler) Carabidae (Laufkäfer) Chrysomelidae (Blattkäfer) Cyanapio n spencii Ischnopter a pion virens Protapio nfulvipes Protapion trifolii Squamapio n atomarium Squamapio n flavimanu m Amara lunicollis Clivina fossor Coccinellidae (Marienkäfer) Dyschiriu s globosus Panagae us cruxmajo r Poecilu s cupreu s Pseudooph o nus griseus Pterostichu sovoideus Curculionidae (Rüsselkäfer) Chaetocnema hortensis Chrysolina haemopter a Cryptocep halus moraei Galeruca pomona e Longitarsu sluridus Longitarsus pratensis Longitarsus rubiginosus Dryopidae (Hakenkäfer) Phyllotreta tetrastigma Coccinella septempunctata Scymnu s frontalis Elateridae (Schnellkäfer) Scymnu s suturalis Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata Brachyper azoilus Hydrophilidae (Wasserfreunde) Hypera miles Otiorhynchu spinastri Melyridae (Wollhaarkäfer) Otiorhynchu sporcatus Rhinocyllu sconicus Rhinoncu scastor Nitidulidae (Glanzkäfer) Sciaphilus asperatus Trichosirocalu stroglodytes Phalacridae (Glattkäfer) Dryops ernesti Pselaphidae (Palpenkäfer) Agriote s lineatus Scarabaeidae (Blatthornkäfer) Cercyon convexiusculus Staphylinidae (Kurzflügel Käfer) Dolichosoma lineare Epuraea melanocephala Meligeth es aeneus Meligeth es carinulatu s Olibrus corticalis Aphodius erraticus Onthophagu sovatus Amisch a analis Amischa nigrofusc a Carpelimus corticinus Carpelimus gracilis Falagria sulcatul a Ocypus aeneocephalus Ocyp us olens Philonthus carbonari us Platydracu s stercorari us

9 Research 1: Migros Anthicidae (Blumenkäfer) Carabidae (Laufkäfer) Anthicus antherinu s Amar a aene a Bembidio n femoratu m Bembidion quadrimaculatu m Lathridiidae (Moderkäfer) Staphylinidae (Kurzflügel Käfer) Cortinicara gibbosa Aleochara bilineata Scopaeus sulcicollis Tachyporus chrysomelinus The beetle fauna of green roofs correlates highly with the soil and vegetation conditions

10 Number of Beetle species on the investigated Green roos in Basel and Lucerne (Source: BRENNEISEN 2003) Basel 1999 Basel 2000 Basel 2001 Luzern Nordtangente (K) Unibibliothek Rossetti-Bau Migros Gym. Liestal Rhypark Kanti Liestal UBS Caféteria Klinikum II Rheinfelden Nordtangente (K I) Nordtangente (K II) Nordtangente (K III) Kunsthalle Nordtangente (E) Rossetti-Bau Rhypark Nordtangente (K) Peter Merian-Haus Kunsthalle Migros Rossetti-Bau Nordtangente (E) Pathologie Stadthaus Grenzhof Raeber Hubelmatt SUVA Sonnenberg Würzenbach Beetle species (family) Vegetation cover Age of Green roof Käfer-Familien Vegetationsbedeckung Dachalter in Jahren Carabidae Staphylinidae Curculionidae sonstige Familien < 25% % 50-75% > 75% Dr. Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences Number of species (Red Data Book listed) Number of species (total)

11 Action 1: Campaigning green roofs Scaling up From Pilot to Mainstream

12 Source: Theodore H. Osmundson Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 12

13 Action 1: Campaigning green roofs How to make it happen? Campaigns Legistlations Processes Basel: 1 st Green roof campaign Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences

14 Action 1: Campaigning green roofs Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 14

15 MOST CITIES IN SWITZERLAND IMPLEMENT GREEN ROOFS AS MANDATORY IN THE BUILDING CODE Basel Winterthur Zurich Berne St. Gallen etc Lucerne NEW APPROACH OF LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION HABITAT TRANSFER Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences

16 Research 2: Seewasserwerk Moos, Wollishofen

17 Wollishofen, Zurich A «World Wonder» of ecological construction, built 1914 Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 17 An Orchid meadow with a high nature conservation value: 10 orchid species (> individuals) and many other rare plants from the former meadows of the region could survive the last century on the roofs, while most of them got extinct in the surrounding areas

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19 Kantonsspital St. Gallen Orchid roof concept

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21 Research 2: Gardening? Ecosystem services? 21

22 Research unit Urban Ecology Green roofs high and low tec Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona

23 SIA Norm 312 Begrünung von Dächern Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW

24 Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona

25 Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona

26 SIA Norm 312 Begrünung von Dächern Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW

27 Photovoltaik & Dachbegrünung Dr. Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW

28 Fotos: Stephan Brenneisen In nature many varying factors are under ground on green roofs you have to creat the variation differently...

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31 Action 2: Implementation, second step Habitat guideline for green roofs of Basel, Switzerland Based on the ecofaunistical studies (and according to the federal law: NHG, natural and cultural heritage requirements) the habitat guideline for green roofs could be established: Three different substrate thickness (9, 12, 15 cm). Average of 12 cm Locale based substrate compositions only native plants

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33 Konzept: Stephan Brenneisen, Gestaltung Sybille Erni + use of different materials

34 Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 34

35 Action 2: Planning green roofs & norms Barcelona (competition) Quelle: Daniel Tigges Architekten

36 Source: Google Maps Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 36

37 Projekt RIVA Basel

38 Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona

39 Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 39

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41 Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona

42 SIA Norm 312 Begrünung von Dächern Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW

43 Substratprinzip: Eigenschaften Dachbegrünungen als selbstregulierende Ökosysteme? Niederschlag Stäube, Pollen Dünger? Verkehr, Industrie, Heizungen Externe Einflussgrössen Aus externen, anthropogenen Quellen (Verkehr etc.) werden Nähr-und Schadstoffe auf die Dachbegrünung eingetragen. Düngerzugaben können ein zu schnelles Wachstum auslösen und dadurch kontraproduktiv sein Substrat als wichtigster Faktor Geeignete Substrate ermöglichen Dachbegrünungen, die selbstregulierende Ökosysteme darstellen, wesentlich sind dabei: Vegetation Korngrössenzusammensetzung ph-wert Einrichtungsart Anzustrebende Ziele Bodenfauna Substrat Gewässer Geschlossener Kreislauf Vegetation-Bodenfauna-Substrat Minimierung des Stoffaustrages/ Nähr- und Schadstoffbindung

44 We need research to get data and information needed We need actions, campaignes to get green roofs from Pilot to Mainstream We need mandatory building codes, norms (and controls!) to support green roofs, urban ecosystems, biodiversity with a critical eye on the definition how a green roof must look like and/or serve for the ecosystem Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences 44

45 Research 3: long term study Apionidae (Spitzmausrüssler) Carabidae (Laufkäfer) Chrysomelidae (Blattkäfer) Cyanapio n spencii Ischnopter a pion virens Protapio nfulvipes Protapion trifolii Squamapio n atomarium Squamapio n flavimanu m Amara lunicollis Clivina fossor Coccinellidae (Marienkäfer) Dyschiriu s globosus Panagae us cruxmajo r Poecilu s cupreu s Pseudooph o nus griseus Pterostichu sovoideus Curculionidae (Rüsselkäfer) Chaetocnema hortensis Chrysolina haemopter a Cryptocep halus moraei Galeruca pomona e Longitarsu sluridus Longitarsus pratensis Longitarsus rubiginosus Dryopidae (Hakenkäfer) Phyllotreta tetrastigma Coccinella septempunctata Scymnu s frontalis Elateridae (Schnellkäfer) Scymnu s suturalis Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata Brachyper azoilus Hydrophilidae (Wasserfreunde) Hypera miles Otiorhynchu spinastri Melyridae (Wollhaarkäfer) Otiorhynchu sporcatus Rhinocyllu sconicus Rhinoncu scastor Nitidulidae (Glanzkäfer) Sciaphilus asperatus Trichosirocalu stroglodytes Phalacridae (Glattkäfer) Dryops ernesti Pselaphidae (Palpenkäfer) Agriote s lineatus Scarabaeidae (Blatthornkäfer) Cercyon convexiusculus Staphylinidae (Kurzflügel Käfer) Dolichosoma lineare Epuraea melanocephala Meligeth es aeneus Meligeth es carinulatu s Olibrus corticalis Aphodius erraticus Onthophagu sovatus Amisch a analis Amischa nigrofusc a Carpelimus corticinus Carpelimus gracilis Falagria sulcatul a Ocypus aeneocephalus Ocyp us olens Philonthus carbonari us Platydracu s stercorari us

46 «ongoing communication, education.»

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