The way forward. Policy and Development of Renewable Energies in Germany. Martin SCHÖPE

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1 The way forward Policy and Development of Renewable Energies in Germany Martin SCHÖPE Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Damascus, 21 June 27 Key factors for the future: EU > 3% / 2% / 2% by 22 Climate change: limit temperature increase to 2 C: >-3% GHG emissions (at least -2% GHG) Energy security: reduce import dependence Competitiveness: innovative industries > 2 % Renewable Energy (25: 6.5 %) > Saving 2% of EU s energy consumption 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 2

2 Primary Energy Consumption (26) Structure of Primary Energy Consumption 25 Total PJ 11 Biofuel Lignite 1,9 Mineral oils 35,7% Renewable s 5,3% Renewables 766 PJ PJ 318 Heat Hard coal 13,% Nuclear energy 12,6% Natural gas 22,8% *Other and electricity import/export -,3% 347 Electricity Sources: BMU, Renewable energy sources in figures national and international developments. May 27. Internet: 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 3 Electricity generation (25) 26% 1% 2% 11% Renewables Mineral oil Natural gas Lignite Hard coal 25% Nuclear 22% 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 4

3 Objectives for Energy Policy Energy Efficiency Efficient use of fossil energy (gas power plants, CHP) Less losses (Grid) More efficient devices Isolation, transport Renewable Energies Electricity Heat Transport Energy Saving 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 5 German Targets for RE Primary energy supply 21: 4.2 % (2: 2.1%; 26: 5.3%) 22: 16. % and up to 5% by 25 Electricity 21: 12.5 % (2: 6.2%; 26: 11.8%) 22: 27. % Bio fuels 21: 6.75 % (2:.3%; 26: 4.7%) 22: 12.5% Heating/Cooling 22: 14.% (2: 3.9%; 26: 5.9%) 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 6

4 Instruments in Germany Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) > Feed-in guarantee Market Incentive Programme > Grants and loans Bio fuels > Blending obligation/ Quota system Research and Development 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 7 How does the EEG work (I)? Priority access for RE to the power grid Priority transmission and distribution Obligation of grid operators to purchase the electricity produced from RE Fixed price ( tariff ) for every kilowatt hour produced from RE for 2 years 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 8

5 How does the EEG work (II)? Equalisation of additional costs for electricity from RE between all grid operators and electricity suppliers All different types of RE are considered and tariffs are differentiated by source and size of the plant Annual decrease due to technical development (degression) 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 9 How does the EEG work? Hydro Consumers Biomass electricity electricity money Geothermal electricity money Local Grid Oper ators money Transmission Grid electricity money Supply Companies Wind Solar 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 1

6 Feed-in tariffs (26) Hydropower Biomass (<2 MW) Geothermal Energy (<2MW) Wind energy (onshore) Wind energy (offshore) Solar energy 26 Cent/kWh Degression % 1.5% 1.% 2.% 2.% 5% - 6.5% Sources: BMU. Stand: September 26 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 11 Electricity Generation from RE Electricity generation from:: Hydropower Wind energy Biomass* Photovoltaic Geothermal energy [GWh/a] /6/27 MENAREC 4 12

7 Cost for the Promotion of RE just 3% Share of costs for one kilowatt hour(18 Ct) Production, transport and marketing of electricity 6% VAT 14% Concession levy 1% Electricity tax (Ecological Tax Ref orm) 11% CHP Act 2% EEG 3% 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 13 RE Heat Promotion: The Market Incentive Program (MAP) Supports of 2-26: conveyances for 2-26: 827 Mio. Investment volumes of the promoted measures: 6,5 Billion Balance of 26: conveyances: about 16 Mio. Investment volumes: about 1,6 Billion 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 14

8 Heat supply from RE Biomass(inl.biogenic waste) Solar thermal Geothermal energy [GWh/a] /6/27 MENAREC 4 15 Outlook 27 Program volume 213 Mio. New promotion starting from middle of January 27 Innovation bonus for new technologies to the cooling and process heat Efficiency bonus planned for 28 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 16

9 Biofuels: Fiscal regulations Until all biofuels were exempted from energy taxation High value of energy tax exemption: - tax rate on diesel fuel: 47 Ct/l - tax rate gasoline: 65 Ct/l Driver for change of support system were tax expenditure losses System change from from price regulation (by tax exemption) to quantity regulation (by quota system) 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 17 Contribution of RE sources to fuel supply ( ) Vegetable oil Bioethanol [GWh] Vegetable oil Bioethanol Biodiesel Sources: BMU, Renewable energy sources in figures national and international developments. May 26. Internet: /6/27 MENAREC 4 18

10 Quota on biofuels quota system starts based on energy content sub-quotas - remain valid also after 29 current share is more than doubled until 215: Diesel fuel Gasoline 1.2% 2.% 2.8% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% Total quota 6.25% 6.75% 7.% 7.25% 7.5% 7.75% 8.% 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 19 Avoided Emissions from renewable energy sources: 97 Mio. t in 26 Strom 67,1 Mio. t Wärme Kraftstoffe 8,7 Mio. t 2,7 Mio. t gesamt: rd. 97 Mio. t, dav. rd. 44 Mio. t durch das EEG CO2-Minderung [Mio. t] Wasser Wind Biomasse Photovoltaik Geothermie Solarthermie Biodiesel Pflanzenöl Bioethanol vorläufige Angaben, Februar 27 Quellen: BMU nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien - Statistik (AGEE-Stat); Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden- Württemberg (ZSW); Fraunhofer Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung Karlsruhe (ISI); Öko-Institut Darmstadt 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 2

11 Employment effects (26) Wind energy Biomass Solar energy : ca. 214, employees Hydropower : ca. 157, employees Geothermal energy /6/27 MENAREC 4 21 Total turnover with renewable energy sources in 26 Wind energy 5,64 m; 26 % Geothermal energy 58 m; 3 % Hydropower 1,27 m; 6 % Solar energy 5,94 m; 28 % Biomass 8,13 m; 38% 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 22

12 Development of RE in Germany 26 [%] ,6 Beitrag der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland zur Energieversorgung ,3 Anteil EE am gesamten Primärenergieverbrauch 3,8 7,4 Anteile EE am gesamten Endenergieverbrauch (Strom, Wärme, Kraftstoffe) 6,3 11,8 Anteil EE am gesamten Bruttostromverbrauch 3, ,9 Anteil EE am gesamten Endenergieverbrauch für Wärm e,4 4,7 Anteil EE am Kraftstoffverbrauch des Straßenverkehrs EE - Erneuerbare Energien Quellen: B M U nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien - Statistik (AGEE-Stat), Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW); 23-26; vorläufige Angaben, M ärz 27 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 23 Achievements of the EEG Share of RE in power production: about 11.8 % in 26 [1998: 4.7%] 214, jobs in RE industries (26) 21.6 Billion Euro turnover (26) 97 Mio. tons of CO 2 -reduction (26) 1.6 per month/household (25) 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 24

13 Expected Development Water EEG Electricity Generation [TWh/a] /6/27 MENAREC Wind Offshore Wind Onshore Biomass Solar energy Geothermal Energy Electricity outside EEG Electricity Amount Stock Tariff Version External Costs Sources: Bernd Wenzel et al., Stromerzeugung aus Erneuerbaren Energien: Ausbau und Kostenentwicklung bis 22. Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Journal 2 / 26. Development of RE in primary energy consumption and CO 2 -emission by 25 1% 9% 37 RE-inland and import Natural gas CO 2 -emission (199 = 1 %) 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Mineral Oils Coal Nuclear energy CO2-emission [PJ/a] 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 26

14 Global Scenario up to 25 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 27 Thank you for your attention! 21/6/27 MENAREC 4 28