IoE - Conference, Campus FES Session Erlangen

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1 IoE - Conference, Campus FES Session Erlangen Plasma Gasification of Jürgen Karl Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Folie 1

2 1. The Role of for Germanys Energiewende Renewables in Germany Relevance of 2. Green Fuels and Substitute Process chain for the Methanation of Key technology: Thermochemical Gasification 3. Markets and Markets for Large-scale gasifiers worldwide Upcoming markets for medium and small-scale gasifiers The PlasmaGas project 4. The Role of for Germanys Energiewende Ressources in Germany and worldwide Folie 2

3 1. The Role of for Germanys Energiewende Renewables in Germany Relevance of Folie 3

4 A Summer Week in Germany Power Production In GW Renewables cover more than 30% of Germanys power production Increasing the share of wind and PV requires affordable and most flexible back-up capacities up to 30 GW Renewables PV still > 50 GW fossile and nuclear for baseload continued installation of PV Wind Natural Gas bituminous coial lignite Nuclear Hydro Mo Tue Wed Thu Fr Sat Su Folie 4

5 A Spring Week in Germany Renewables cover more than 30% of Germanys power production Increasing the share of wind and PV requires affordable and most flexible back-up capacities Power Production In GW PV Wind Pumped hydro Energiewende further requires 20 Gasturbines 10 Gasturbines and (Natural) Gas Mo Tue Wed Thu Fr Sat Su Natural Gas bituminous coial lignite Nuclear Hydro Folie 5

6 Heat demand in Germany 2011 Quelle: Energiedaten des BMWI, 2012 Total heat demand 4669 PJ Trade and Commerce Folie 6 contributes 50% to Germany s heat demand Industries often have no alternatives to natural gas Germany will for certain heavily depend on (Natural ) Gas supplies for the next decades Process heat Hot water space heat Heat from natural gas 2257 PJ indirect *) Heat from renewables 48,4 % 12,2 % Private households Industries *) power/district heat from natural gas

7 Key question for the Energiewende 1. Who will supply natural gas for the next decades? Folie 7 2. Will renewable gases become competitive?

8 2. Green Fuels and Substitute Process chain for the Methanation of Key technology: Thermochemical Gasification Folie 8

9 Solution: Substitute () 1. Step: Thermal gasification Production of synthetic natural gas" from biomass ("Methanation") CH x O y + H 2 O () gasification CO + 3 H 2 + CO 2, H 2 O, etc. CO CH 4 2. Step: Methanation hydrogenation H 2 O, CO 2, hydrogen heat Folie 9

10 Key for / Second Generation Fuels: 1. Gasification Syngas production Hydrogen production Raw gas 2. Gas cleaning Syngas cleaning 3. Synthesis Synthesis Second Generation Fuel Particle removal Desulphurization Tar scrubbing Conditioning stochiometry and excess steam Syngas Catalytic synthesis with defined pressure and temperature Folie 10

11 Process chain for Second Generation Fuels Reaction equation for the methanation of biomass: (CH 1,37 O 0,61 ) with autothermal oxygen gasification CH CH 4 : CO 2 = 1 : 2 1. Option: oxygen 1,37O0,61,3525 O2 0,3425 CH 4 0, CO 2 with allothermal steam gasification CH 4 : CO 2 = 1 : 1 Thermal gasification (Reforming) CH 2. Option: steam Gas cleaning 1,37O0,61,3525 H2O 0,51875 CH 4 0, CO Synthesis CO 2 Sequestration 2 Folie 11

12 Gasification HKW Güssing, AT CH 4 : CO 2 = 1 : 2 steam gasification Agnion Heatpipe- Reformer, Pfaffenhofen, D Sasolburg factury Quelle: CH 4 : CO 2 = 1 : 1 Dual Fluidized Bed gasification Entrained flow, fixed bed-, fluidized bed gasification Folie 12 Oxygen gasification

13 Schlacke Coal / Oxygen burnber Reaktor C Steam/ oxygen Coal dust syngas Entrained flow gasification Principle Partial oxidation provides heat-ofreaction for the gasification Oxygen provides highest temperatures without dilution of the syngas Folie MW Siemens SFG-500 coal gasifier Quencher Quench water Advantages: highest power density high temperatures provide tar-free syngas Disadvantages: Fuel pretreatment (particles < 100 µm) system size air separation unit

14 Gasification HKW Güssing, AT 3 C 2 CH 4 + CO 2 steam gasification Agnion Heatpipe- Reformer, Pfaffenhofen, D Sasolburg factury Quelle: 4 C 2 CH 4 + 2O 2 Dual Fluidized Bed gasification Applied for biomass only Small- and medium-scale plants Entrained flow, fixed bed-, fluidized bed gasification Large-scale plants with air separation unit Folie 14 Oxygen gasification

15 System sizes for -Gasification CHP with with polygeneration without polygeneration BtL from biomass BtL from coal Folie Limitation: heat sales 2. Limitation: logistics

16 3. Markets and Markets for the Large-scale gasifiers worldwide Upcoming markets for medium and small-scale gasifiers The PlasmaGas project Folie 16

17 Market opportunities for Coal-Gasification Folie 17 Source: Th. Metz, 2 nd Nuremberg Workshop, Friedrich- Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg Key markets for large-scale plants are currently coal-to-chemicals plants in China A coal gasification capacity of 100 GW will be commissioned in China during the next years

18 Market opportunities for Plasma-Gasification Hydrogen from power+biomass and wastes will be competitive to hydrogen from electrolysers Folie 18 Source: Th. Metz, 2 nd Nuremberg Workshop, Friedrich- Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg

19 Excess power shall enable decentralized plasma-assisted assisted gasification of biomass Project duration: 36 Months Project start Research Objectives Impact of plasma on pyrolysis and gasification kinetics Drop-tube reactor shall provide kinetics for full-scale simulations *) Optical measurements shall provide local temperatures *) Chair for Technical Thermodynamics (Prof. Will) Plasmagas Project Folie 19

20 Energy balance of conventional steam gasification Chemical energy Sensible heat 30 to 50% of the biomass has to be burned in a combustion chamber in order to provide the heat-of-reaction Cold gas efficiency is limited to 70% 100 MW MW C C C C C C MW MW Syngas Flue gas 5-10 MW Folie 20 air preheater steam generator fuel dryer

21 Energy balance of plasma-assisted assisted steam gasification Electricity Chemical energy Sensible heat 30 to 50% of the biomass has to be burned in a combustion chamber in order to provide the heat-of-reaction electricity will nearly double the biomass-to-syngas-ratio and converts power-to-hydrogen most effectively 60 MW 90 MW C MW Syngas 30 MW steam generator 30-20MW in case that 42 MW of the heating value comes from biomass, up to 28 MW of electricity convert into gas Power-to to-gas efficiency > 90% Folie 21

22 4. The Role of for Germanys Energiewende Ressources in Germany and worldwide Folie 22

23 Biogas plants Primary energy input ca. 180 PJ Potential in Germany -Potential in Germany (wastes only): 1200 PJ/a 1) Germany s share on the worlds -Potential: 1.5 % Currently approx plants in Germany Energy crops PJ Bio Bio- wastes 1200 PJ 1) PJ = Peta-Joule = barrel oil = 7 25 Mio. US-$ ca heating plants and pellet burners (status 2009) power plants ca. 210 plants (status 2008) Primary energy input ca. 120 PJ - heating plants Primary energy input ca. 350 PJ Folie 23 source: BMWI Energiedaten, 2011

24 Potential for the Substitution of coal (with own resources ) Potential in Germany -Potential in Germany (wastes only): 1200 PJ/a 1) Germany s share on the worlds -Potential: 1.5 % others Norway Natural gas consumption: 3200 PJ coalconsumption: 3600 PJ BOA, Niederaussem Lippendorf Boxberg Most important: is particularly interesting for developing countries Import- provides additional potentials... from Russia Potential: 1200 PJ Schwarze Pumpe Folie 24

25 s Substitute and Hydrogen from are particularily important as back-up for other renewable sources Plasma gasification provides ideal synergies between fluctuating renewable energies and any solid feedstock World wide biomass ressources have to substitute Russian gas deliveries in the medium and long-term Folie 25