MobiliTec Forum. Li-ion Batteries for Electrified Mobility - Quo vadis?

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1 MobiliTec Forum Li-ion Batteries for Electrified Mobility - Quo vadis? Hannover Alexander Kieper SW Test and SW Calibration, Calibration Tools Bosch Battery Systems GmbH

2 Influence variables on emobility Infrastructure User experience UX Business models Legislation Technology EV-train Web 3.0 Megatrends electrified, automated, connected Applications Market volume Customer expectations Requirements KPIs 2

3 Content Market requirements for batteries 2020ff the Bosch view Applications Market volume Customer expectations Battery requirements KPIs Technologies to reach the targets Battery cell technologies until 2020 LIT From 2020: PLIT Summary and prospect 3

4 Applications Applications HEV PHEV EV BRS Generation 1 (series) Generation 2 (in development) Electrical range Electrical power 4 Challenges Technology High power Low cost Li-ion (available) High performance Cycle life Cost down Li-ion (improved) High energy density Cost down Li-ion (improved) Post Li-ion High power Low cost Li-ion (available)

5 Units [mio. vehicles] Market volume Total vehicle market: , PHEV and EV with strong growth HEV volume declining ,5 4,5 8, ,2 0,1 1,5 1,8 6 5, HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle EV Electric Vehicle Vehicle sales PC incl. LCV<6t: Estimation Bosch 5

6 Production capacity [GWh/year] Consequences on production capacity Required battery production capacity Li-ion Consumer HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle EV Electric Vehicle 6

7 Customer expectations towards an EV Customer expectations Driving range 350 km Good performance Fast charging No battery exchange during vehicle life Reasonable safety Affordable Battery requirements 50kWh 200Wh/kg 400Wh/kg 150kW 250kW P/E ratio km with 15min charge time 80% capacity & 300Tkm, > 10years Safety level equal or higher than in vehicle with ICE Market price target battery: 6.000EUR 7

8 Energy Cost density [EUR/kWh] [Wh/kg] ~ x 2 ~ Factor 3 ~ Factor 1/3 ~ Factor 1/4 KPIs: status 2015, market targets Energy Density EV Cost technical limit LIT Lifetime Performance Quality 100 Safety Cell Pack 8

9 Energy Cost density [EUR/kWh] [Wh/kg] ~ x 2 ~ Factor 3 ~ Factor 1/3 ~ Factor 1/4 KPIs: status 2015, market targets Energy Density Cost technical limit LIT EV Cell Pack 9

10 Cost [%/kwh] ~ Factor 1/3 ~ Factor 1/4 KPIs: status 2015, market targets EV Cost Cell Pack 10

11 Content Market requirements for batteries 2020ff the Bosch view Applications Market volume Customer expectations Battery requirements KPIs Technologies to reach the targets Battery cell technologies until 2020 LIT From 2020: PLIT Summary and prospect 11

12 Volumetric energy density [Wh/l] Battery cell technologies LIT Maximum Market until 2020 dominated by Li-ion Technology (LIT) Energy density in 2020 already close to the technical limit of LIT Post Li-ion Technologies (PLIT) with potential for higher gravimetric and volumetric energy densities in combination with improved safety EVs w/ SOP > 2020: PLIT with solid state electrolyte very promising EV with solid state electrolyte, SOP > 2020 Li-S >2025 Conversion cathode > PHEV 2020: ~400Wh/l EV 2020 ~ 800Wh/l Gravimetric energy density cell [Wh/kg] 800 LIT: Li-ion Technology PLIT: Post Li-ion Technology 12

13 Terminology Roadmap LIT?PLIT Examples Solid State Cell 13

14 PLIT cell technologies Terminology Anode Separator Electrolyte Cathode Li-ion Technology (LIT) Lithium in both electrodes mainly intercalated Structure of electrodes hardly changed due to intercalation Li-ions migrate free via (liquid) electrolyte Discharging Li + Li + Charging Li Graphite Lithium-metal-oxide Post Li-ion Technology (PLIT) At least one electrode not intercalating lithium Acronym PLIT often used as synonym for Li-Sulfur and Li-Air technologies Cells with metallic Lithium anode are counted among PLIT 14

15 PLIT cell technologies, examples Li-Sulfur Technology Li-Air Technology Anode Separator Electrolyte Cathode Anode Separator/Electrolyte Cathode Discharging Li + Li 2 S Binder Discharging Li + Li 2 O 2 Discharging O 2 Li + Charging S 8 C Li + Charging O 2 Charging Metallic lithium Mixture of sulfur and carbon particles with binder Metallic lithium Solid state electrolyte Mesoporous carbon Solid State Cells Cells with conversion cathode Anode Separator Cathode Anode Separator Electrolyte Cathode Polymer Discharging Discharging Li + Li + Li + Charging Active material Li + Charging FeF 2 Metallic lithium Solid state electrolyte with active material Metallic lithium Metal fluoride 15

16 PLIT cell technologies, roadmaps Solid state electrolyte Li-Sulfur optional optional Datum/Text Conversion cathode Li-Air Pre development Industrialization Series First PLIT cell SOPs expected with solid state electrolyte technology 16

17 Solid state cells, status Bosch Bosch acquired Californian battery technology company Seeo Engineering prototype cells available Seeo DryLyte TM Technology Anode Lithium Foil Separator Cathode Dry Solid Dry Solid Polymer Composite Electrolyte Dry Solid Technology very promising: Lifetime > 1000 cycles reached with LFP cathode, operating temperature C 17

18 Solid state cells, Safety Safety test results (LFP cathode, Li metal anode) Crush test Test Result Crush No smoke or flames Penetration test No smoke or flames X-Axis Short circuit test No smoke or flames Thermal shock No smoke or flames Y-Axis Over-discharge No smoke or flames Overcharge No smoke or flames Z-Axis Thermal stability Stable up to 180 C Intrinsic safety of Seeo technology is a big advantage 18

19 Summary and prospect Li-ion technology will dominate the market until 2020 Li-ion technology technical feasible for EV and PHEV Technical limit of automotive Li-ion ~ Wh/kg Post Li-ion with potential to further increase energy density and to reduce cost Solid state cells for EV expected to be ready for series past 2020 PLIT with high chance for game changer 19

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