Technologie- und Förderzentrum

Transkript

1 Central European Biomass Conference, 15 th - 18 th Jan. 214, Graz Efficient and sustainable fertilization strategies with biogas digestates Beate Technologie- und Förderzentrum Slide 1

2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Issues 3. Experiment A: different amounts of N Experimental setup Chosen results 4. Experiment B: digestates in a crop rotation Experimental setup Chosen results 5. Conclusions Slide 2

3 Introduction biogas digestates as anic fertilizers Biogas digestates are used as anic fertilizer Positive attributes Low DM-content high flow ability Higher part of NH 4 -N directly plant available Negative attributes According to input-substrates and conduct of fermentation process strong fluctuations in nutrient concentrations can occur High ph-values combined with high NH 4 -N leading to higher risk of NH 3 -losses A low-loss technique at optimal application time is necessary Slide 3

4 Issues concerning digestate fertilization in the EVA -project Experiment A: Comparison of different anic N amounts with a pure eral fertilization treatment and a control without N fertilization Will enough N be applied by setting the eral N equivalency (MDÄ) at 7 %? Maximizing yields but imizing GHG-emissions and nutrient losses How much digestates are needed to equal eral yields? Experiment B: Comparison of eral, anic and ed fertilization Benefits of the energy crop rotation with regard to yields, ecology and economy? Improved energy balance by substitution of eral fertilizer with digestates? Slide 4

5 Study sites (29 212) NS Temp.: 9, C Prec.: 768 mm V.I.: 4 = GHG assessment sites (LFA) MV Temp.: 8,5 C Prec.: 559 mm V.I.: 51 Trossin SN Temp.: 8,7 C Prec.: 596 mm V.I.: 31 Gülzow Werlte (LWK NS) Dornburg (LfULG) (TLL) BW Temp.: 1,1 C Prec.: 75 mm V.I.: 8 Ettlingen (LTZ) TH Temp.: 8,8 C Prec.: 596 mm V.I.: 65 Ascha (TFZ) BY Temp.: 7,5 C Prec.: 87 mm V.I.: 47 1 km Technologie - und För derzent rum Slide 5

6 Experimental set up of Exp. A: Maize and regional alternatives N-treatments of all crops and study sites: 1 % eral N 75 % digestate-n 1 % digestate-n 125 % digestate-n Additional N-treatments for Maize in Ascha, Dornburg and Gülzow (GHG assessment sites): % N-application 5 % digestate-n 2 % digestate-n Maize: all sites Rye grass: BY, NS W.Triticale: TH, MV Shum: BW Slide 6

7 Ingredients of used digestates (29 212) TS ph NH 4 N tot P K in % in % FM Min 1,5 7,3,1,18,2,13 Max 8,6 8,5,41,7,15,66 Ø 5,4 7,7,22,37,7,3 N-demand according to state-specific fertilizer recommendation To calculate amount of digestates for each crop MDÄ = 7 % No charge of any losses (e. g. during application) Slide 7

8 Dry matter yields (maize 4 years; alternatives 3 years) dry matter yields 4 dt/ha maize ryegrass w.triticale Shum bicolor imum / maximum 5 er without N 5 % dig. 2 % dig. # # # er er er all study sites BY + NS MV + TH BW # only BY, MV, TH (GHG assessments) Slide 8

9 N -contents after harvest N after harvest in -9 cm kg/ha er whitout N # 5 % dig. # 2 % dig. # er er maize ryegrass w.triticale Shum bicolor er all study sites BY + NS TH + MV BW # only BY, TH, MV (GHG assessments) Slide 9

10 Maize in Ascha expected vs. achieved yields, N-treatment, N dry matter yields 35 dt/ha expected yields achieved yields N-fertilization (plant available N; MDÄ 7 %) N after harvest in - 9 cm soil depth 35 kg/ha amount of nitrogen Slide 1 er 29 and 21 er 211 and 212

11 Cumulated NH 3 -losses after digestate application (maize) 35 kg N/ha cumulated NH 3 -loses % dig. 2 % dig. Incorporation after 24 h 5 % dig. 2 % dig. 5 % dig. 2 % dig. 5 % dig. n.e. 2 % dig. 5 % dig. 2 % dig. Ascha Dornburg Ascha Dornburg Gülzow A. Seidel, Uni Kiel drag hoses injection Slide 11

12 Experimental set up of Exp. B: Cultivars in the crop rotation maize w.rye s hum w.- triticale ryegrass w.- wheat w-wheat maize w.rye s hum w.- triticale ryegrass w.- wheat N-treatments: 1 % eral N () 1 % digestate-n () 5% eral N + 5 % digestate-n () Slide 12

13 dry matter yields rot. I dry matter yields rot. II Summarized DM-yields in crop rotation I and II Slide 13 7 dt/ha dt/ha Ascha Dornburg Gülzow Ettlingen Werlte Trossin maize w.rye S.bicolor x S.sudanense S.bicolor w.triticale ryegrass

14 Energy-input by categories (rotation I and II without winter wheat) 225 GJ/ha employment/production machinery poduction of plant protection agents seed production power drain eral fertilizer production energy-input C. Peter und M. Willms Zander, rotation I rotation II Technologie - und För derzent rum Slide 14

15 energy input/ output/ balance Energy balance = e. output e.-input ; energy efficiency 65 GJ/ha C. Peter und M. Willms Zander energy input energy output energy balance 2,9 4,3 7,8 2,6 4, 8,2 rotation I rotation II Technologie - und För derzent rum Slide 15

16 Conclusions Maximal yields in experiment A achieved with highest digestate application rates a general MDÄ (total N) of 7 % is to high Non-attainment of expected yields increases risk of over fertilization and higher N contents after harvest Optimal N-supply especially with ed fertilization (. + ) High ph-values combined with high parts of NH 4 and delayed incorporation of digestates increased NH 3 -losses, especially with high digestate application rates Energy balance (E.-efficiency) especially influenced by eral fertilizer production: positive in anic (8,) > ed (4,2) > eral (2,8) treatment Slide 16

17 Thanks to the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV) and Agency for Renewable Resources e.v. (FNR) for funding all involved EVA-project partners, especially to the TLL, LFA, LTZ Augustenberg, LfULG and LWK NS as well as the ZALF the cooperation project Potentials to reduce the release of climate relevant trace gases at the cultivation of energy crops for biogas production for exciting results you for your attention! Slide 17