Qun Wang (Autor) Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Analysis of the Geological Barrier Integrity Associated with CO2 Storage

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1 Qun Wang (Autor) Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Analysis of the Geological Barrier Integrity Associated with CO2 Storage Copyright: Cuvillier Verlag, Inhaberin Annette Jentzsch-Cuvillier, Nonnenstieg 8, Göttingen, Germany Telefon: +49 (0) , Website:

2 Table of Contents Vorwort und Danksagung / Acknowledgement... V List of Figures... XI List of Tables... XV Abstract... XVI Zusammenfassung... XVIII 1 Introduction Motivation Why CO 2 storage? Why saline aquifer? Why geological barrier integrity? State of the art Ongoing CO 2 sequestration projects Research status Analytical solutions Numerical simulations Objectives and structure Objectives of this dissertation Structure of this work Fundamentals of hydro-mechanical coupling Fundamentals of rock mechanics Linear elasticity and Hooke s Law Nonlinear elasticity Fundamentals of multiphase flow Darcy s law Relative permeability Klinkenberg s effect Capillary pressure CO 2 fluid properties CO 2 fluid density Enthalpy Viscosity Brine-CO 2 mixture Density Viscosity Specific enthalpy VII

3 2.3 Fundamentals of hydro-mechanical process Effective stress Hydro-mechanical (HM) coupling TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D simulator FLAC3D TOUGH2MP TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D simulator Hydro-Mechanical (HM) coupling concept Effective mean stress dependent permeability model Experimental methods Isotropic compressional tests Non-isotropic compressional test Experimental results and permeability models Experimental results Effective mean stress dependent permeability model Validation of the developed effective mean stress dependent permeability model The comparison with Rutqvist porosity-permeability model Nonlinear elasticity assumption Effective mean stress dependent Biot s coefficient model Experimental methods Effective mean stress dependent Biot s coefficient model Validation of Biot s coefficient s model Implementation of the developed modes into TOUGHMP-FLAC3D code Implementation of developed permeability model Implementation of developed Biot s coefficient model Mechanical criteria for the integrity of geological barriers Tensile failure Shear failure Inactive fault reactivity Simulation of Hydro-Mechanical (HM) coupling geo-processes at Ketzin CO 2 storage site using the code TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D Introduction of the pilot CO 2 storage project at Ketzin Location and geological settings CO 2 injection Modeling and numerical simulation Model setup Initial and boundary conditions Simulation results and discussion VIII

4 5.3.1 History match Comparisons of CO 2 arrival distance History match of down hole pressure Simulation results analysis Verification of simulation feasibility Reservoir permeability and porosity alteration CO 2 plume evolution Overpressure distribution Stress evolution Caprock integrity analysis Induced ground movement Summary Sensitivity analysis Parameter sensitivity analysis Parameter selection Irreducible water saturation Absolute permeability Salt concentration Vertical/horizontal permeability ratio Biot s coefficient Parameter deviation and sensitivity analysis Results analysis CO 2 plume distribution Pore pressure buildup Determination of parameter impacts from sensitivity analysis Scenarios sensitivity analysis Injection scenarios Results analysis CO 2 plume distribution Pore pressure buildup Summary Numerical simulation of a commercial scale CO 2 injection using a generic model Basic information of the modelling The setup of simulation model Properties and initial conditions CO 2 injection scenarios Numerical simulations Without fault The injection phase Post injection IX

5 7.2.2 With fault Model setup Results analysis Simulation with the implemented Biot s coefficient model Summary Conclusions and future work Conclusions Future work References Nomenclature X