RESI A Natural Language Specification Improver

Transkript

1 Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungsuniversität gegründet 1825 RESI A Natural Language Specification Improver Dipl. Inform. Sven J. Körner Torben Brumm Prof. Dr. Walter F. Tichy Institute for Programming and Data Structures (IPD) Tichy University of Karlsruhe, Lehrstuhl Germany für Programmiersysteme

2 Motivation The hardest part of the software task is arriving at a complete and consistent specification, and much of the essence of building a program is in fact the debugging of the specification. [Brooks 1987] 2

3 specification of a ferrari

4 what the customer wanted 4

5 that s a lamborghini 5

6 Motivation (2): An Example After signing-in, the user is redirected to his personal page. When signing in, the username and password are entered. 6

7 Related Work w/o Ontology Support Inspections [Fagan 1976, Porter 1995, Kamsties 2001] Controled Languages [ACE 1995, Propel 2002] Quality of Sentences [Davis 1993, Wilson 1997, Chantree 2006] Tools for Quality Checks [QuARS 2001] 8

8 Related Work w/ Ontology Support Improving Correctness, Completeness, Consistency and Unambiguousness [Kaiya und Saeki 2005/2006] Finding Ambiguities [Kiyavitskaya 2008] 9

9 Why Ontologies? Ontologies offer world knowledge to a computer system They provide semantics and therefore the meaning of a sentence How to get that information? 10

10 Ontologies, cont d Tom saw the plane flying. Tom saw the mountains flying. 11

11 RESI Requirements Engineering Specification Improver Specification Import Export RESI Specification (base) Pre- Annotation Specification (pre-annotated) Rule Application Specification (improved) 12

12 RESI Main Screen 13

13 Example From a Specification Every pallet is returned after transport. Sentence Every pallet is returned after transport 14

14 Rule: Check for Nominalization Specification Get Nouns Rule Ontology pallet, transport Check pallet No Nominalization Check transport Main Verb: transport Mark transport 15

15 Example From a Specification Every pallet is returned after transport. Sentence Every pallet is returned after transport Nominalization: Verb transport 16

16 Rule: Check for Nominalizations 17

17 Example From a Specification Every pallet is returned after transport. Sentence Every pallet is returned after transport 18

18 Rule: Complete Process Words Specification Get all Verbs Rule Ontology return Check return 2 Argument Lists Link Argument List 19

19 Example From a Specification Every pallet is returned after transport. Sentence Every pallet is returned after transport objectgiven Verb Process Word: Missing Args: giver and givee 20

20 Rule: Complete Process Words 21

21 Example From a Specification Every pallet is returned after transport. Sentence Every pallet is returned after transport 22

22 Rule: Check Articles & Quantifiers Specification Get Quantifiers/Articles Rule Ontology Every Check Every All (w/o exception) Note Intended Meaning 23

23 Example From a Specification Every pallet is returned after transport. Sentence Every pallet is returned after transport Quantor: All (w/o exception) 24

24 Rule: Check Articles and Quantifiers 25

25 Evaluation 2 Specifications Video Rental ; manually checked for errors by Kiyavitskaya, Zeni, Mich, and Berry Example from Berry s ambiguity handbook Video Rental used for direct comparison Problems, that occur most: Passive constructs Definite articles without reference Use of synonyms 27

26 Evaluation Results I 28

27 Evaluation Results II 29

28 Summary Good software is founded on good specifications RESI supports the expert uses ontology knowledge easy application of new rules, various specification formats and new ontologies Torben Brumm - Rechnergestützte Verbesserung von textbasierten Softwarespezifikationen mit Hilfe von Ontologien 30

29 if it s not working it better be the customer's fault 31

30 Thanks for Your Attention. Any Questions? Torben Brumm - Rechnergestützte Verbesserung von textbasierten Softwarespezifikationen mit Hilfe von Ontologien 32