Coping with a society in change. Selected findings from a longitudinal study

Transkript

1 Coping with a society in change. Selected findings from a longitudinal study Hendrik Berth, Peter Förster, Elmar Brähler, Markus Zenger, Yve Stöbel-Richter 85th Annual International Conference Training for Societies in Change The International Society for Business Education (SIEC/ISBE), Berlin,

2 Saxonian longitudinal study (Sächsische Längsschnittstudie) Methods the study Political attitudes What remains of the GDR? Unemployment Migration

3 Saxonian longitudinal study Start: 1987 (N = 1.281), approx. 14 y. old Zentralinstitut für Jugendforschung, Leipzig Sample representative for children born in 1973 in the GDR districts Leipzig, Karl-Marx-Stadt (41 schools) : 3 study intervals 1989: N = 587 declared further participation 212: N = 35 (59,6 %/77,1 %) participants 212: 39 years

4 Saxonian longitudinal study

5 Saxonian longitudinal study 45 % men, 55 % woman 53,4 % married, 22,8 % no partnership 75,9 % children unemployment 1,9 % 24,9 % migration to old federal states, 1995: 13 % 2,4 % no professional education

6 Political attitudes

7 Political attitudes before German reunification ( ) future in GDR political commitment GDR future of socialism marxism-leninism is helpful

8 What do you think about German reunification? ( ) strongly agree agree

9 Satisfaction with the economic system (w) and political systems (p) in Germany (%) W P

10 Satisfaction with the political system in Germany in men and women (%) men wo men

11 Are you a winner or a looser of the German reunification? (%) winner 44,2 47,1 49,4 53,8 58, 67,8 69,2 63,7 looser 55,8 52,9 5,5 46,2 42, 32,2 3,8 36,2

12 Feeling as winner/looser of German reunification - impact on attitudes 212 (%) political orientation "left" confidence future fear of unemployment identity Germany (FRG) satisfaction political system endorsement reunification satisfaction with life winner looser 5 1 %

13 better before reunification better today 79 8 Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie Comparison GDR - FRG (212) social security 1 relationship of people education in school social justice gender equality human dignitiy health care system 1 possibilities for selffulfillment

14 Comparison GDR - FRG: better before reunification ( ) social security relationsship of people

15 Comparison GDR - FRG: better today ( ) possib. for self-fulfillment freedom of individuals

16 Attitudes towards school education before/after reunification ( ) better before re better today

17 Attitudes towards health care system before/after reunification ( ) '93 '95 '96 '98 ' '2 '3 '4 '5 '7 '9 '12 better before re better today

18 Identity Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie How do you feel? a) as citizen of the former GDR b) as citizen of the FRG (Bundesrepublik) a) GDR b) B undesrepublik

19 economic unity psychological unity

20 What remains of the GDR?

21 Day nursery ( Kinderkrippe ) (%) % men women total yes 68,5 63,8 65,8 mo 27,9 33,8 31,1

22 Impact of day nursery in the 197 s on threat (fear of unemployment, illness, poverty ) (M) 7 2 men women total yes 8,17 9,6 8,65 no 9,41 9,53 9,47

23 Impact of day nursery in the 197 s on depression (HADS, M, interaction d.n. x gender) 7 3,5 men women total yes 3,71 4,39 4,7 no 4,64 3,81 4,16

24 Identification with the (political) system in the GDR questions like: 1) My future in the GDR is secure. 2) I am highly committed with my socialistic fatherland GDR. 3) I am highly committed with the USSR. (Russia) 4) I am ready to defend the GDR with all my power. 5) Socialism is our future. 6) I am proud to be a member of the FDJ. ( Freie Deutsche Jugend free German youth, communistic youth organization) 7)

25 Identification with the (political) system in the GDR Identification (M) Identification (groups) 35 total men women low middel high

26 What do you think about German reunification? - impact of identification (%) 1,% 5,, total 73,4 79,6 82,8 81,7 86,7 86, 84,3 84,3 84,8 87,9 84,3 88,7 high i. 79, 81,8 75,9 75,6 83,4 81,9 84,6 8,5 84,1 86,5 82,9 9,2 low i. 76,6 79,4 88, 89,1 93,9 9,7 87,8 89,7 84,4 89,9 9,3 95,4

27 I am happy that the GDR no longer exists. - impact of identification (%) 8% total 44,8 46,8 43,4 4,1 4,9 45,1 45,2 48,6 high i. 34,5 41,7 35,7 34,5 31,4 35,5 39,5 46,8 low i. 52,5 52,6 55,1 52,8 57,9 56,8 69,4 69,2

28 Positive development in East-Germany - impact of identification (%) 4, 2,, total 11,5 23,8 24,3 21,7 27,9 22,2 2, 2,4 28,2 high i. 1, 11,5 19,3 19,8 23,5 15,7 14,6 15,3 24,1 low i. 2, 3,5 34,9 3,8 35,4 3,9 27,6 3,7 33,

29 Differences between East- and West-Germans - impact of identification (%) 7, 35,, total 59, 56,9 57,6 51,2 47,7 44,1 28,8 high i. 63,9 59,6 55,8 53,2 48,8 47,5 3,9 low i. 48,8 47,4 56,7 47,4 44,3 35,2 19,3

30 Did you have to change your plans for your professional future after German reunification? yes, completely 3,2 37,5 yes, a little bit 38,5 34,6 no 31,4 27,9

31 Unemployment

32 Unemployment (%) 1 multiple one time , ,

33 Duration of unemployment (men, women, m) months men (N=19),32 1,43 2,69 3,62 4,57 5,86 7,51 8,76 9,67 1,37 11,1 8,4 women (N=131),68 1,95 2,77 3,79 5,32 6,15 7,51 9,97 11,74 12,47 12,99 12,7

34 Unemployment - impact on attitudes (212) satisfation German reunification satisfaction personel situation satisfaction political system identity German (FRG) fear of unemployment optimism for future political orientation "left" winner reunification not unemployed unemployed

35 Unemployment and children (wish for a child) (m, women only) 2,2 1,65 1,1, multiple unemp. 1,45 1,49 1,36 1,48 1,55 1,46 1,58 1,6 1,53 1,54 1,44 1,46 never unemp. 1,76 1,73 1,8 1,79 1,87 1,93 2,3 1,88 1,94 1,96 1,64 1,75

36 Unemployment and children (m. total sample) 2 1,5 1, never unemp. one time unemp. multiple unemp.

37 School marks (1989) and unemployment ( ) months (n=19) 1,91 3,26 4,7 6,23 6,55 2 (n=142) 2,97 5,25 7,63 1, 11,4 3 (n=89) 4,65 7,34 1,73 14,55 17,9 4+ (n=19) 7,63 11,16 16, 16,5 19,21

38 Unemployment and psychological distress (D-Score, m, , p <.5) Distress 2 1,5 1, multiple unemp. 1,67 1,53 1,47 1,63 1,44 1,33 1,33 1,25 1,44 1,48 1,27 one time unemp.,85 1,5,92 1,6,96,59,89,94,88,95,84 never unemp.,69,67,76,71,64,43,72,75,8,93,7

39 Migration

40 Migration to the old federal states (%, ) OFS 13,1 12,9 18,5 22,7 23,4 23,2 23,7 23,7 24,3 25,6 26,5 25,1 22, Repatriates: 15,1% (211)

41 Satisfaction with income ( satisfied", %) and habitation East G West G

42 Distress and habitation (28) MW 3,5 2,5 1,5,5 psychol. distress body symptoms East Germany 1,7 3,27 repatriates 1,32 2,81 West Germany,83 2,53

43 Psychological distress (1991/29) and habitation (29) MW 2, 1,, East Germany 1,51 1,17 West Germany 1,71,57

44 Summary

45 Saxonian longitudinal study Longitudinal study since 1987, 3-4 East-Germans from Saxony participation ~ 7 % (> 35) Political attitudes Gender differences Identity (citizen of former GDR and Germany (FRG)) Remains of socialization in GDR Unemployment (>7 % experiences) Migration to West Germany (25 %) Continuation planned (survey 27 in October 213)

46 Thank you for your attention. nittstudie