Technical Thermodynamics

Transkript

1 Technical Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Introduction, some nomenclature, table of contents Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Egon Hassel University of Rostock, Germany Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Building Institute of Technical Thermodynamics January 12,

2 Contents 1) Introduction 2) Basic ideas 3) First law of thermodynamics and energy 4) Second law and entropy 5) Cyclic processes 6) Exergy 7) Equations of state of real gases 8) Mixtures 9) Combustion 10) Heat transfer 11) Energy conversion: heat work 2

3 preliminary notes This slides are mostly translations from German slides. The nomenclature worldwide is nearly the same, with very few exceptions. I tried to translate anything, but sometimes especially with indices, there could be some slip through. Therefore we will state here few nomenclature issues: English/ or new nomenclature German/ or old nomenclature/ or alternative nomenclature exchange entropy (by heat exchange) dissipation work, (friction work) entropy production or irreversible entropy 3

4 preliminary notes English/ or new nomenclature German/ or old nomenclature/ or alternative nomenclature exchange entropy (by heat exchange) dissipation work, (friction work) entropy production or irreversible entropy total entropy, total enthalpy change 4

5 Recommended Reading I Technische Thermodynamik and Technical Thermodynamics, Prof. A. Leipertz, in Deutsch und Englisch, German and English, to order at, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. 5

6 Recommended Reading III Some classical text books in English: Moran, Shapiro, fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics, about DM 80 with BOL, excellent book with many numerical explicit and modern examples. VanWylen, Sonntag, fundamentals of classical thermodynamics, former international standard book. Schaums interactive, thermodynamics for engineers, in MathCAD, no MathCAD necessary, 2 disks, electronic book, many explicit examples, you can change Numbers (therefore interactive) and plots and results will change accordingly. Schaums theory and problems, thermodynamics for engineers. Schaums outlines, thermodynamics with chemical applications. 6

7 Application of Technical Thermodynamics Combustion engines Gas-Turbines, Steam-Turbines, Pumps and compressors Fossil/nuclear-fueled power plants Propulsions for planes and rockets Combustion systems Cooling process, gas separation and liquefaction Heating, ventilation, air conditioner, HVAC Vapor compression and absorption in refrigerators Heat pumps 7

8 Basic components of a gas turbine engine. Source: wikimedia commons: author: Original uploader was Dhaluza at en.wikipedia: This image is a work of a Federal Aviation Administration employee, taken or made during the course of an employee's official duties. As works of the U.S. federal government, all FAA images are in the public domain. 8

9 Application of Technical Thermodynamics Cooling of electronic components Alternative energy systems Fuel cells Thermoelectric devices Magneto-hydrodynamic gadgets Solar-powered heaters, refrigerators and power plants Geothermal systems And much more. 9

10 What is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics is the basis of the science of heat energy, energy transport and transformation of one form of energy into another. 10

11 What is Thermodynamics? Topics below belong to thermodynamics: Atmospheric thermodynamic Air-conditioning of buildings Certain aspects of biological systems Thermodynamics of the irreversible (= Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics) Technical Thermodynamics Statistical thermodynamics Classical thermodynamics 11

12 What is Thermodynamics? The Technical Thermodynamics is a branch of Classical thermodynamics in contrast to the Statistical Thermodynamics. Classical thermodynamics deal with systems in (thermodynamical) equilibrium and these always include a great number of atoms and molecules. Material is treated As continuum. 12

13 What is Thermodynamics? Technical Thermodynamic is a branch of classical Thermodynamics It deals with systems in thermodynamical equilibrium These systems include a great number of molecules and atoms. All material is treated as continuum. 13

14 End of Chapter I Egon Hassel,