Impact of Material Handling Systems on the Environment, Models and Experiences from AS/RS Machines FEM Congress, Stresa 14 th September 2012 Institut für Fördertechnik und Logistiksysteme (IFL) KIT Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und nationales Großforschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft www.kit.edu
Environmental Impacts of Intralogistic Systems Subproject: EI of Industrial Trucks Helmut-Schmidt-University Environmental Impacts (EI) of Intralogistic Systems Subproject: EI of Cranes and Lifting Equipment TU Munich Subproject: EI of the Storage and Retrieval Process KIT Karlsruhe Nr. 2 25.09.2012
Motivation Source: Kramm, M. (2008). Der Energieausweis für Distributionszentren. Tagungsband Energieeffizienz im Lager, Köln. Nr. 3 25.09.2012
List of Environmental Impacts Emissions to Air Greenhouse Gases GWP100 CO 2 e Acidifying agents SO 2 e Volatile Organic Compounds Ozone depleting substances Persistent organic pollutants POP Heavy metals Fine particulate and suspended particulate matter Noise Dust Radiation, optical influence, light Heat Smell Electro - magentic fields Emissions to Water Heavy metals Substances with an adverse effect on the oxygen balance Persistent organic pollutants Sewage appearence Emissions to Soil or Space Use of land and fields Leckage and spills of dangerous substances shock, vibration Use / Consumption of Ressources Consumption Raw Materials, Additive Materials Operational Supply Item (i.e.oil, Fuel, Power, Energy Consumtion) Generation of waste Usable Reusable Recyclable Non-recyclable Material (i.e. dangerous Materials) Source: Directive 2009/125/EG ErP Directive; DIN EN ISO 14001; DIN EN ISO 14004; EMAS; Ökoprofit Nr. 4 25.09.2012
Total Life Cycle Raw Material Selection and Use Manufacturing Production Packaging, Transport and Distribution Installation Distribution Use and Maintenance Utilisation End-of-life End-of-Life Source: Directive 2009/125/EG ErP Directive (Appendix 1) Nr. 5 25.09.2012
EI with respect to Life Cycle Phases Nr. 6 25.09.2012
Netting EI by Production EoL Nr. 7 25.09.2012
Energy Consumption drives other EI Acidification Climate Change kg kwh kgso 2 kwh Energy Comsumption kgco 2 kwh m 2 kwh Waste kwh Land Requirements Nr. 8 25.09.2012
AS/RS Machines Energy Consumption Model Control Drive Unit (x-direction) Energy Efficiency Measures Hoist Unit (y-direction) Power LHD (z-direction) Movement Mass Nr. 9 25.09.2012
Three Levers Design & Manufacturing Power Generation Usage Energy Consumption Nr. 10 25.09.2012
Three Levers Design & Manufacturing Power Generation Usage Energy Consumption Nr. 11 25.09.2012
Levers Design and Manufacturing Design & Manufacturing Power Generation Usage Drives and Control Mass Reduction Energy Consumptio n Electrical Drives Energy Recuperation Control Construction Note: LOT 30 DC Link Connection Materials Regenerative Power Supply Energy Storage Nr. 12 25.09.2012
Sample AS/RS Model and Rack Quantity: 25 Height: 40m Quantity: 100 Length 100m Sample AS/RS Sample Rack Mass 18000 kg Singel Storage Location Load 1000 kg Width 1 m Hoist Unit 2000 kg Height 1,6 m LHD 500 kg Depth 2,5 m Speed x 3 m/s Acceleraction x 0,5 m/s 2 Speed y 1 m/s Acceleration y 1 m/s 2 Nr. 13 25.09.2012
Impact of Energy Recuperation Storage Single Cycle Location (67/17) E (Wh) 24% 33% Literature: Application Saving Potential 655 Wh AS/RS DC Link Connection 50 60 % [Scm10] 497 Wh 436 Wh AS/RS Regenerating Power Unit 10..25 % [Dai09] AKL AS/RS DC Link Connection to 15% [Grü10] Without DC Link Connection Regenerating Power Unit Energy Consumption (Wh) Saving Potential Source: [Scm10] Schumacher, M.: Energiespraen mit System. Vortrag, Automatisierungstage 2010, Emden: Fachhochscule [Dai09] Daifuku Europe Ltd., Hrs.: Energieeffizienz im Focus der Intralogistik. In: MyLogistics.net (29.Mai 2009) [Grü10] Grün, O.: Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in der Intralogistik: Energieverbrauch und Energierückgewinnung. In: 6. Symposium Logistik Innovativ (Prien am Chiemsee, 4.Mai 2010) Nr. 14 25.09.2012
Lever through Usage Design & Manufacturing Power Generation Usage Energy Consumptio n Investment Utilisation Strategy Parameters Load Mass Speed Acceleration Nr. 15 25.09.2012
Storage Location Impact of Mass and storage location Without any Energy Efficiency Measures Mass Load Low (100kg) High (2000 kg) 221 Wh 252 Wh 301 Wh 600 Wh Nr. 16 25.09.2012
Energy Consumption of storage locations in a Rack Aisle Without any Energy Efficiency Measures With Regenerating Power Unit Nr. 17 25.09.2012
Distribution Center Nr. 18 25.09.2012
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