Multiple Choice: Fundamentals of Standards and Standardization

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1 Multiple Choice: Fundamentals of Standards and Standardization Univ. Prof. Dr. Ing. W. Hesser Important note This paper is protected by copyright laws. You must keep it in strict confidence and treat it like any other copyrighted material. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievel system or transmitted by electronical, mechanical or other means, photocopied or recorded without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright Hinweis Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Alle Rechte, auch die des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung in besonderen Verfahren, wie fotomechanischer Nachdruck, Fotokopie, Mikrokopie, elektronische Datenaufzeichnung einschließlich Speicherung und Übertragung auf weitere Datenträger sowie Übersetzung in andere Sprachen, behält sich der Autor vor. You will find further information about Standardisation and Technical Drawing/CAD on the internet: Internet: norm.de pro-norm Prof. Dr.-Ing. W. Hesser P. O. Box Hamburg Tel.: +49(0)40/ Fax: +49(0)40/ info@pro-norm.de UST-IdNr: DE ST-Nr: 51/094/0035

2 Test & Assessment Druckansicht Datum: Tue Jan 25 12:09: Maximale Punktezahl: Question 1 (5 Trends in standardization include: More Asian involvement in international standardization A shift from industrial sectors to (also) service sectors. More consortium A shift from technical standards to (also) other More consumer involvement in standards development. 2. Question 10 (5 In the process of developing and implementing a company standard it is, in general, wise to: base the standard on an international standard. involve people who will have to use the standard in the process of drafting it; have help from an external consultant; get formal approval for the standard within the organization; conduct a field test; 3. Question 11 (5 For consumers, standards are important because they may:

3 ensure interchangeability of product; lead to cheaper products; provide consumer organizations with methods to test products; form a basis for better service quality. lead to less diversity in products, which makes it easier to choose; 4. Question 2 (5 Examples of standards include: Petrol specifications. The national currency. The national law on product liability. The European CEmarking. The international system for quantities and units (SI). 5. Question 3 (5 Why does the number of company standards exceed the number of national standards (including national implementations of international standards)? If a company possesses Intellectual Property Rights that should be included in the standard, this is possible without any problems in company standards

4 whereas in the case of (inter)national standards the company may be hindered by the requirement to provide licences under reasonable terms. If companies use on average 50% national standards and 50% company standards, the total amount of company standards in the country exceeds the total amount of national standards by far, as the company standards differ for each company and the national standards do not. A national standard may not be applicable for an individual company. This may be a reason for the company to develop its own company standard. National standards are replaced by international Companies prefer to distinguish themselves by having their own company 6. Question 4 (5 Formal standardization organizations at the global level include: ISO WTO ETSI

5 IEEE ITU-T 7. Question 5 (5 Regional standardization organizations can be found in: Africa South America Europe Asia Australia 8. Question 6 (5 CE on a product means: The product meets the requirements laid down in applicable European The product is safe. A certification body has tested and approved the product. The product has been manufactured in the European Union. According to the manufacturer, the product meets the essential requirements

6 laid down in applicable European directives 9. Question 7 (5 A company that wants to develop a standard together with other stakeholders may use a consortium instead of a formal standardization organization, because, in general: a consortium may provide better circumstances for confidential deliberations; a consortium gives the standard additional status. a consortium can be faster; a consortium is cheaper; a consortium is better equipped to provide standards maintenance; 10. Question 8 (5 A company that wants to export to a certain country should try to determine which of the national standards in that country apply to its product because: These standards ascertain an agreed level of quality. popular in that country. not compulsory but it may be wise to use them for reasons of product liability. voluntary standards but they have been approved by a committee in which national stakeholders are represented, so

7 apparently they are considered to be important. compulsory in that country. 11. Question 9 (5 Different systems for shoe sizes can be found throughout the world. It is not easy to replace the current systems by one agreed international system. This is due to: network externalities dominant agents lock-in economics of scale conversion cost