Menschmodellierung zur Verletzungsvorhersage Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
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1 5. GMTTB Jahrestagung 2015 Menschmodellierung zur Verletzungsvorhersage Möglichkeiten und Grenzen Rainer Hoffmann, carhs gmbh
2 Ist Der der Mensch ist berechenbar? berechenbar!
3 School Bus Accident Simulation using CAL3D Rainer Hoffmann, ME 710, Wayne State University, 1984
4 5 th
5 Inhalt Crash Vic6m Simula6on Status der Modelle Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verletzungsvorhersage ZukünDige Entwicklungen
6 Crash VicUm SimulaUon 1973: 1- D Lumped Mass Model: Lobdell Thorax Model 1985: 3- D Rigid Body Model: MADYMO3D 2013: 3- D Finite Element Model: Hybrid III 50th%ile male
7 Crash VicUm SimulaUon Dummy Modelle Mensch Modelle
8 Anwendungsgebiete Mensch Modelle Innova6ve Rückhaltesysteme reale Menschen (außerhalb 5th, 50th, 95th) Integrale Sicherheit Dummy- Entwicklung Kopfverletzungen Unfallrekonstruk6on
9 Mercedes-Benz S-Class Seat Cushion Airbag Seat Cushion Airbag reduces risk for submarining in reclined excecutive rear seats Activated by crashsignal when excecutive rear seats are reclined 17 Safety Features of the new S-Class Mercedes-Benz Quelle: Bogenrieder, SafetyUpDate 2014
10 Inhalt Crash Vic6m Simula6on Status der Modelle Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verletzungsvorhersage ZukünDige Entwicklungen
11 THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety) entwickelt von Toyota seit 2000 aktuell: Version 4 (1.8 Mio. Elements) Adult Male and Female Tissue Damage and Rupture: Occupant and Pedestrian Internal Organ Injury (Contusion, Lacera6on)... Strain Based Indicator Brain Small, Injury (Diffuse Middle Axonal and Large Injury) Sizes... Strain Based Indicator Skeletal Injury (Bony Fracture)... Element Elimina6on
12 GHBM (Global Human Body Model) entwickelt vom GHBMC seit 2006 aktuell: M ~2.0M deformable elements
13 GHBM (Global Human Body Model) Vorhersage von Crash Induced Injuries (CII) Stand der Vorhersagefähigkeit dokumen6ert Level 0 1 Capability Subcategories Model detail sufficient, test data available, injury mechanism understood, correlation carried out Model detail sufficient, test data available, injury mechanism understood, but validation work is incomplete or inconclusive 2 Model detail sufficient, but test data unavailable or insufficient 3 4 Model detail insufficient, test data available, additional modeling should help predict this CII Model detail insufficient, test data unavailable; additional modeling effort and test data should help predict this CII 5 Injury mechanism needs some more investigation 6 Injury mechanism needs extensive additional investigation
14 GHBM (Global Human Body Model) Body Region Beispiel: CII Capability: Level 0 Main Crash-Induced Injury (CII) Description Head Skull Fracture Cortical Layer, Diploe Layer, Vault, Base 0 Head Facial Bone Fracture 0 Neck Intervertebral Disc Disc Injury 0 Neck Ligament Injury 0 Thorax Rib Cage Injuries Rib Fracture 0 Abdomen Solid Organ Injury Liver Injury 0 Abdomen Solid Organ Injury Spleen Injury 0 Plex Pelvis Pelvis, pubic rami fracture 0 Plex Pelvis Pelvis, hip fracture 0 Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Proximal femur fracture 0 Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Mid-shaft femur fracture 0 Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Distal femur fracture 0 Plex Foot Calcaneus fracture 0 Plex Foot Talus fracture 0 Plex Foot Ankle and sub-talar joint injury 0 Sub GHBMC M50 Capability Quelle: J.T. Wang, SAE G&I 2014
15 GHBM (Global Human Body Model) GHBMC M50 model is validated for 38% of all crash- induced AIS2+ injuries 13% AIS5+ injuries GHBMC M50 model is detailed enough for simula6ng 80% of all crash- induced AIS2+ injuries 63% AIS5+ injuries Quelle: J.T. Wang, SAE G&I 2014
16 SUFEHM (Strasbourg University FE Head Model) 50th%ile Adult Human Head, Elemente Brain (Viscoelastic G 0 =49kPa, G =16.7kPa, β=145s -1 ) Membranes (Elastic E=31.5MPa, =0.23) Brainstem (Viscoelastic G 0 =49kPa, G =16.7kPa, β=145s -1 ) CSF (Elastic E=12kPa, =0.49) Skull (Shell elements, composite law with failure criterion) Scalp (Elastic E=16.7MPa, =0.42) Face (rigid) Quelle: R. Willinger, carhs Seminar T141
17 Inhalt Crash Vic6m Simula6on Status der Modelle Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verletzungsvorhersage ZukünDige Entwicklungen
18 Garbage in, garbage out.
19 Garbage In- garbage Out Paradigma GARBAGE DATA PERFECT MODEL GARBAGE RESULTS PERFECT DATA GARBAGE MODEL GARBAGE RESULTS
20 EVERYTHING SHOULD BE MADE AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE, BUT NOT SIMPLER. ALBERT EINSTEIN
21 How simple is simple enough? Beispiel: Hirnverletzung 1 Element - Head Injury Criterion (HIC) 10K - 300K Elemente - Strain- Based Criterion Elemente - Axonal Damage Axoplasm Cytoskeleton Membrane Myelin Ranvier node
22 Variabilitäten Variabilität in den Materialien Variabilität in der numerischen Lösung Variabilität in den Randbedingungen
23 Variabilitäten
24 Variabilitäten Stochastic approach (Realistic Distributions) Eine SimulaUon ist nicht genug um Output parameter die Biomechanik des Menschen zu verstehen oder zu erklären! Each Sample/Design Input parameter Quelle: Kethu, CAE Grand Challenge, 2012
25 Inhalt Crash Vic6m Simula6on Status der Modelle Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verletzungsvorhersage Zukünhige Entwicklungen
26 Individualisierung Photo: Howard Schatz
27 Individualisierung Method Overview Skeleton Geometry Models Parametric Human Model BMI=25 Sitting Posture Model Baseline Models BMI=30 External Body Surface Model Mesh Morphing BMI=35 BMI=40 Quelle: UMTRI, M. Reed
28 Individualisierung Results Body Scans Hybrid-III ATD Quelle: UMTRI, M. Reed
29 Low- G Anwendungen Pre- Crash Szenarien Heckaufprall Fahrdynamik Quelle: Brolin, HuMoSym 2014
30 Modell Auswahl Welches Modell kann meine Fragestellung beantworten? Wie ist der Stand der Valida6on? Wer hat das Modell entwickelt? In welchen Programm/Version läud das Modell? Modell Auswahl über Verletzungen (AIS- codiert)
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34 Zusammenfassung Menschmodelle können Verletzungen beim Unfall voraussagen Simula6on mit Menschmodellen sind noch keine industrielle Anwendung Zusammenarbeit in der Entwicklung und Transparenz der ModelleigenschaDen sind notwendig
35 Vielen Dank.
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