Giesserei Literaturschau. Vorsprung durch Information. Werkstoffe Verfahren Anwendungen Management. BDG-Informationszentrum

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1 Vorsprung durch Information Foto: BDG, Fotolia Daniel Fleck, arsdigital.de Werkstoffe Verfahren Anwendungen Management BDG-Informationszentrum

2 Allgemeines: Vorsprung durch Information Mit der Giesserei-Literaturschau (GLS) werden jeweils Neueingänge eines Quartals der Fachliteraturdatenbank BDGUSS-LIT des Bundesverbandes der Deutschen Giesserei-Industrie BDG angekündigt. Die in der GLS in Kurzform vorgestellten Fachartikel können beim Informationszentrum des BDG im Volltext in Papierform bestellt werden. Bestellungen können per , telefonisch oder per Fax entgegen genommen werden. Selbstverständlich kann eine Bestellung auch direkt online über unsere Literaturdatenbank vorgenommen werden. Die Online- Recherche ist kostenlos. Erst bei Bestellung fallen Kosten an. Bestellpreise (Preisliste für Kopien von Dokumente): Für BDG- und VDG-Mitglieder kosten Bestellungen: pro Dokument bis zu 20 Seiten 10,- für jede weitere Seite 0,50 Für Nichtmitglieder kosten Bestellungen: pro Dokument bis zu 20 Seiten 15,- für jede weitere Seite 0,50 Hinzu wird eine Versandkostenpauschale in Höhe von 2,50 Euro pro Lieferung und die Mehrwertsteuer in Höhe von 7 % erhoben. Urheberrecht und Urheberrechtsgebühr: Alle Inhalte der GLS sind urherberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwendung außerhalb der durch das Urheberrecht festgelegten Grenzen ist ohne Zustimmung des BDG unzulässig. Insbesondere ist jede Veränderung sowie die Nutzung für andere Dienste unzulässig. Darüber hinaus ist der BDG ordnungsgemäß bei der Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort (VG Wort) angemeldet und führt von den Einnahmen an Kopienverkäufen seinen Pflichtteil dorthin ab. Die Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort ist ein Zusammenschluß von Autoren und Verlagen zur Wahrnehmung (Verwertung) von Urheberrechten gegenüber Dritten. Sie regelt die Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung und öffentliche Wiedergabe von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken. Die VG Wort zieht die gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Gebühren, die bei legalen Nutzungen fällig werden, von den Vergütungspflichtigen ein und schüttet sie an die wahrnehmungsberechtigten Autoren und Verlage aus. BDG-Informationszentrum Foto: Fotolia Martine A Eisenlohr

3 Inhaltsübersicht Seite Allgemeines 4 Werkstoffe 7 9 NE-Metallgusswerkstoffe 55 Schmelzeinrichtungen, Auskleidungen 67 Schmelztechnik 69 Sandformverfahren und Formeinrichtungen 72 Formstoffe und Formstoffprüfung 77 Feinguss, Genauguss 83 Kokillenguss, Schleuderguss, Strangguss 85 Druckguss 86 Gießtechnik, Erstarrung 89 Qualität und Werkstoffprüfung 103 Spanen, Fügen, Umformen 106 Gussstückfertigung, Gussverwendung 107 Energie 113 Umwelt und Arbeitssicherheit 115 Wirtschaft und Recht 116 Geschichte, Kunstguss 117

4 Allgemeines Buch Dokumenten-Nummer: Giesserei-Jahrbuch 2013, Band 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Teil 1: Eisen- und Stahguss, Leichtmetallguss, Weitere NE-Gusswerkstoffe (Kupfer, Zinn, Zink, Blei), Druckguss, Fertigungsverfahren und -einrichtungen, Qualitätssicherung, Arbeits- und Umweltschutz, Betriebswirtschaft, Berufsausbildung und Weiterbildung, Forschungsförderung, Fachinformationen für das Gießereiwesen, Statistik für Gießereien und Abnehmerbranchen, Gießereiorganisationen in Deutschland, Gießereiorganisationen in aller Welt, Internationale Gießereiorganisationen, Berufliche Ausbildungsstätten, Normungsgremien für die Gießereiindustrie, Weitere Organisationen. Im Teil 2 finden sich Informationen über den Verein Deutscher Giessereifachleute (VDG) inklusive eines Mitgliederverzeichnisses. Bundesverband der Deutschen Gießerei-Industrie (BDG), Düsseldorf, DE; Verein Deutscher Giessereifachleute (VDG), Düsseldorf, DE (546 S. Seiten Allgemeines Buch Dokumenten-Nummer: Giesserei-Jahrbuch 2013, Band 2 (in Kombination mit Band 1) Dieser Band beinhaltet ein umfangreiches Verzeichnis von Bezugsquellen rund um das Thema Giessen. Ein alphabetisches Stichwortverzeichnis erleichtert die Suche. Bundesverband der Deutschen Gießerei-Industrie (BDG), Düsseldorf, DE; Verein Deutscher Giessereifachleute (VDG), Düsseldorf, DE (106 S. Seiten Allgemeines Dokumenten-Nummer: anonym The eyes of the world are on Brazil Die Welt schaut auf Brasilien For generating export growth for Brazilia was the 3rd Foundry Round Table Business Event organized. 41 Brazilian foundries and 15 buyers from the UK, USA, Jordan, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, Colombia and Germany discussed about possibilities of growing export. The event is part of an initiative of Abifa and Apex-Brazil to generate increased export business and introduce the capabilities of Brazilian foundries to high profile representatives tasked with sourcing castings from around the world. One of the challenges for the promotion of Brazil as a supplier of castings is the internal infrastructure of the country, which is unsatisfactory, The Brazilian foundry industry is currently focussing on material cost reductions after starting to lose the competitiviness in the 1990s. Foundry Trade Journal International Erscheinungsjahr 2013 Heftnummer 3701 S. S.8-10 (3 Seiten, 5 Bilder

5 Allgemeines Dokumenten-Nummer: Buch Franke, Simone (Hrsg.) Taschenbuch der Gießerei-Praxis 2013 Das aktuelle Taschenbuch befasst sich mit den Themen: Tabellen, Modellbau, Fertigungsverfahren, Druckguss, Formstoffe, Schmelzen, Werkstoffe, Werkstoffprüfung, Metallographie, Organisationen-Verbände-Beratungsstellen. Es beinhaltet außerdem ein Bezugsquellenverzeichnis für Gießereibedarf und ein Verzeichnis von Gusserzeu- gern. (649 S. Seiten Allgemeines Malinowski, P.; Suchy, J. S.; Pater, M. Dokumenten-Nummer: Technological knowledgebase - new trend of data management Technologische Wissensdatenbank - neuer Trend des Datenmanagements Knowledgebase is a database for storing informations on various scientific, manufacturing and technological aspects. Today, numerous industrial plants and foundries develop their IT infrastructure by introducing new database systems tat store relevant data associated with technological expertise. Simulation DB is a technological knowledge base system which allows data to be stored from each step of the die preparation process. The increasingly large number of simulations carried out in the casting industry generates huge amount of data which needs to be stored in one place and easily accessible for use in future projects. One solution fort his issue is the development of an innovative technological knowledge base system which has already been implemented at ALSTOM Power foundry with claims that using the system can shorten the casting preparation time by up to 32%. Here the authors describe the needs for, and the benefits of, the system. AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, PL; Alstom Power, Elblag, PL Foundry Trade Journal International Erscheinungsjahr 2013 Heftnummer 3702 S. S Seiten/Bilder/Tabellen/Quellen: 4S,6B,6Q

6 Werkstoffe Dokumenten-Nummer: Li, Qiang; Yu, Jingyuan; Tang, Ji; Qi, Guochao; Li, Xiaodong Publikationssprache: EN UPreparation and properties of gradient Al(ind 2)O(ind 3)-ZrO(ind 2) ceramic foam by centrifugal slip casting method Herstellung und Eigenschaften von durch Schlickergießen hergestellten Al(ind 2)O(ind 3)-ZrO(ind 2)-Keramikschaum mit Funktionsgradient The aim of the present research is to provide a novel technique for preparing gradient Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foams. This technique used epispastic polystyrene spheres to array templates and centrifugal slip casting to obtain cell struts with gradient distribution of Al2O3 and ZrO2 particles and high packing density Aqueous Al2O3-20vol.% ZrO2 slurries with 20vol.% solid contents were prepared and the dispersion and rheological characteristics of the slurries were investigated. The settling velocity and mass segregation of Al2O3 and ZrO2 particles at different centrifugal accelerations were calculated and studied. The drying behavior, macrostructure, microstructure, compressive property and resistance to thermal shock of the sintered products were also investigated. The results show that the difference of settling velocity of Al2O3 and ZrOBA2 particles increases and mass segregation becomes acute with an increase in centrifugal acceleration The cell struts prepared at a centrifugal acceleration of 1,690 g have high sintered density (99.0% TD) and continuous gradient distribution of Al2O3 and ZrO2 particles. When sintered at 1,550 deg C for 2 h, the cell size of gradient Al2O3-ZrO2 foam is approximately uniform, about 1.1 mm. With the porosity of gradient Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foams increasing from 75 3% to 83.0%, the compressive strength decreases from 4.4 to 2.4 MPa, and the ceramic foams can resist 8-11 repeated thermal shock from 1,100 deg C to room temperature. Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, CN; Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry (SRIF), CN; Northeastern University, Shenyang, CN China Foundry Heftnummer 4 S. S (7 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 3 Tabellen, 16 Quellen) Werkstoffe Dokumenten-Nummer: Li, Ye-Fei; Gao, Yi-Min; Zhang, Jian-jun; Yan, Jing-Bo Interface Property and Two-Body Wear Behavior of High-Cr WCI Matrix Composite Reinforced with CC Particles Grenzflächeneigenschaft und Zwei-Körper-Verschleißverhalten von chromreichem WCI-Metallmatrix-Verbundwerkstoff mit Hartmetall-Teilchen The vacuum infiltration casting process was adopted to prepare cemented carbide (CC) particles reinforced high-cr white cast iron (WCI) composite by using failed CC parts as reinforcement. The interfacial structures between the CC particle and iron matrix were analysed by optical microscope (OM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); the wear behavior of the composite was studied by pin-on-disc wear tester. The results showed that: owing to partial dissolution of the CC particles and diffusion of elements such as W, C, Cr and Fe, compounds such as Fe3W3C and Co3W3C were formed, which ensured metallurgical bonding at the interface; the wear resistance property of the composite was much higher than that of the heat treated WCI, moreover, when the applied load increased from 0.4Kg to 2Kg, the wear resistance value of the composite was more than 3.5 times than that of the heat treated WCI. However, there was no significant difference in the wear loss between CC/WCI composite and WC/WCI composite. Xian Jiaotong University, CN S. S

7 Werkstoffe Dokumenten-Nummer: ; eitschriftenaufsatz Nofal, Adel; Waly, Mohamed; Ahmed, Ahmed; Agour, Mohamed Selection of Cast Iron Grade for Stub-Anode Fixation in Aluminum Electrolytic Cells Auswahl von Gusseisenwerkstoffen für die Anoden-Fixierung in Aluminium-Elektrolyse-Zellen This work is a trial to reach the optimum composition and structure of cast iron used for anode fixation in the aluminum electrolytic cells. Grey iron with low- and high-phosphorus contents, spheroidal graphite irons with compositions typical of ferritic and pearlitic grades as well as grey iron with different carbon equivalent values were compared. A bench-scale experimental set up was used to simulate the operating conditions at the steel stub/cast iron collar/carbon anode connection. The change in microstructure and electrical resistance was measured at temperatures up to 850 deg C for 30 days, which correspond to the electrolytic cell operating conditions. The thermal expansion properties of irons were measured using a high precision automatic dilatometer. The electrical resistance at the connection was found to decrease with spheroidal graphite irons. In flake graphite irons the resistance decreases with lower phosphorus content as well as higher CE values due to the enhanced graphitization potential during solidification, which increases the contact pressure at the connection. Decomposition of ledeburitic carbides in the structure plays - to lower extent - some role in increasing the contact pressure. This contact pressure rather than the resistivity of the cast iron seems to play the dominant role in determining the electrical resistance of the connection. Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), Helwan, Cairo, EG; Aluminum Co. of Egypt (Egyptalum), Nag Hammadi, EG S. S Werkstoffe Dokumenten-Nummer: Regheere, G. ; Französisch Comperative thermal fatigue resistance of a few material Vergleichende Prüfung der thermischen Ermüdung bei verschiedenen Werkstoffen Die Untersuchung verwendet einen besonderen Test, um die thermische Ermüdungsbeständigkeit verschiedener Gusseisensorten vergleichend zu beurteilen. Zu den Versuchen herangezogen wurden ein GJL mit Chrom- und Kupferbeilegierung, mischkristallverfestigte ferritische GJS, ein SiMo-Gusseisen, das mit Aluminium legierte Gusseisen Alpha 1000 für Hochtemperaturanwendungen in oxidierender Atmosphäre sowie eine vom CTIF entwickelte Gusseisensorte mit höherem (4 % ) Al-Gehalt und verringertem Si-Gehalt Mischkristallverfestigte ferritische Gusseisen weisen eine gute Rissbeständigkeit auf. Unter dem Einfluss der Schwerkraft ergibt sich jedoch eine erhebliche plastische Verformung durch Kriechen. Diese Verformung wird bei SiMo-Gusseisen nicht beobachtet: Die verbesserte Kriechbeständigkeit infolge der Molybdänzugabe ist ein bekanntes Phänomen. Andererseits ist hier die Rissbeständigkeit vermindert, in einer Größenordnung, die derjenigen von mit Chrom und Kupfer legiertem GJL entspricht. Im Versuch wird die hohe Empfindlichkeit der Gusseisensorte Alpha 1000 gegenüber thermischen Schocks gut sichtbar, da die Proben nach einer geringen Lastwechselzahl abrupt zu Bruch gingen. Von allen getesteten Sorten weist das mit Aluminium legierte (4%) Gusseisen die beste Beständigkeit gegen thermische Ermüdung auf. Es löst damit die Problematik der Alpha 1000-Sorte. Auch seine Oxidierungsfestigkeit ist aufgrund der Hochtemperaturcharakteristik verbessert, die mit dem höheren Aluminiumgehalt einhergeht. CTIF Fonderie Erscheinungsjahr 2013 Heftnummer 32 S (12 Seiten, 14 Bilder, 4 Tabellen, 0 Quellen)

8 Werkstoffe Dokumenten-Nummer: Scharf, S.; Bähr, R. Röpke, S. Werkstoffkombinationen zur anforderungsgerechten Gestaltung hochbelasteter Gussbauteile Vorgestellt werden am Beispiel "Zylinderkopf" verschiedene Konzeptvarianten und Lösungsansätze zum Einsatz unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe, mit denen entsprechend des avisierten Einsatzzweckes eines Fahrzeuges das Gussbauteil entweder leichter ausgeführt und /oder höher belastet werden kann. Neben der Vorstellung innovativer konstruktiver Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten wird ein Einblick in die fertigungstechnische Realisierung der präsentierten Konzepte gewährt. Otto-von-Guericke-Univerität, Magdeburg, DE; Volkswagen, Wolfsburg, DE S (10 Seiten, 6 Bilder, 0 Tabellen, 3 Quellen) Werkstoffe Dokumenten-Nummer: Wimmer, Martin; Nerl, Christoph; Riedel, Stefan; Hoffmann, Hartmut Herstellung neuartiger Al-Verbundwerkstoffe zur Anwendung in Gleitlagern Aktuelle und zukünftige Motorenkonzepte zielen in hohem Maße auf steigende Leistungsdichten bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung von Emissionsausstoß und Treibstoffverbrauch ab. Die thermomechanischen Belastungen von Gleitlagern als wichtige Motorenkomponenten werden dadurch signifikant erhöht. Konventionelle Gleitlagerwerkstoffe sowie Verfahren zur Vormaterialherstellung stoßen zunehmend an ihre Grenzen. Die Herstellung von Aluminium-Verbundwerkstoffen als Vormaterial zur Gleitlagerfertigung erfolgt derzeit durch verschiedene Plattierverfahren wie z. B. Walzplattieren. Dies erfordert einerseits einen hohen prozesstechnischen Aufwand zur Vorbereitung der Verbundpartner und limitiert andererseits den Einsatz höherfester Aluminiumlegierungen aufgrund des eingeschränkten Umformvermögens. Deshalb wird am Lehrstuhl für Umformtechnik und Gießereiwesen (utg) der Technischen Universität München ein neuartiges Herstellungsverfahren auf der Basis der horizontalen Stranggießtechnologie entwickelt. Ziel ist die Zusammenführung der Fertigungsschritte Urformen und Fügen zu einem einzigen Prozessschritt. Das neue Verfahren soll sowohl zu einer Verbesserung des Werkstoffverbundes führen als auch den Einsatz höherfester Aluminiumlegierungen (AlSn6-Al99,7) ermöglichen. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden die wesentlichen Schritte der Verfahrensentwicklung dargestellt. Die Ermittlung der notwendigen Parameter zur Bildung eines metallischen Verbundes erfolgt mit Hilfe grundlegender Gießversuche. Diese Erkenntnisse dienen als wichtige Eingangsgrößen für eine anschließende simulationsgestützte Verfahrensentwicklung. Auf der Grundlage von Simulationsstudien können konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen zur Auslegung der Anlagen- und Prozesstechnik einer Pilotanlage gegeben werden. Diese Vorgehensweise erlaubt eine systematische Verfahrenserprobung und -Optimierung sowie eine Validierung der Simulationsergebnisse. TU München, Garching, DE Giesserei Heftnummer 12 Seiten/Bilder/Tabellen/Quellen: 9S,13B,13Q

9 Dokumenten-Nummer: Anjos, Vitor; Silva Ribeiro, Carlos A.; Dias, Fatima; Baumgart, Wolfgang; Cunha, Joao Literature Survey on Porosity and Microporosity in Cast Irons Related to Expansion and Gas Entrapment Phenomena Literaturübersicht über Porosität und Mikroporosität von Gusseisenwerkstoffen bezogen auf die Ausdehnungs- und Gasentwicklungsphänomene Macro and microporosity in castings are a problem that persists at many foundries, despite the use of advance simulation software's. This fact indicates that other parameters rather then the casting shape/design or the "standard" metallurgical characteristics are not properly controlled, considered or modelled in the solidification simulation. In this paper we present the Phase I of a research project, which consists on a bibliographic review of the previous attempts to evaluate the relationship between solidification sequence and the measurement of expansion of molten metal during eutectic solidification and is relation to porosity and shrinkage defects. OCC, Mönchengladbach, DE; Universidade do Porto, PT S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: Asenjo, Iker; Lacaze, Jacques; Larranaga, Peio; Mendez, Susana; Sertucha, Jon; Suarez, Ramon Microstructure Investigation of Small-Section Nodular Iron Castings with Chunky Graphite Untersuchung des Mikrogefüges in dünnwandigen Gussteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit mit Chunky-Graphit Parameters that affect chunky graphite formation in heavy-section castings have been studied in previous works which showed that inoculation and cerium addition both increase the tendency for this degenerate graphite. This suggested that laboratory study on chunky graphite formation could be performed on small castings by over-treating the melt. Though the role of silicon was not ascertained, it appeared of potential interest to also investigate its effect in relation with the carbon equivalent of the iron and the nucleation potential of the melt. Keel-blocks were thus cast using Ce or Ce-Mg treated melts, with increased silicon content (up to 4.0 wt.%) and inoculation rate as compared to usual practice. It was observed that chunky graphite systematically appeared in more or less extended areas centred on the upper part of the keel-blocks. The as-cast microstructure (graphite shape and distribution) has then been studied in relation to melt composition and additions (Ce treatment and inoculation) in both affected and non-affected areas. Finally, microanalysis of oxides and other minor phases showed them to be similar to those appearing in heavy-section castings. It may then be concluded that chunky graphite appears in light-section castings in the same way than in heavy-section castings when using over-treated melts. AZTERLAN - Centro de Investigacion Metallurgica, Durango, ES; CNRS UMR 5085, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'ingenierie des Materiaux (CIRIMAT), ENSIACET, INPT, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, FR S. S.52-57

10 Dokumenten-Nummer: Aso, Setsuo; Ike, Hiroyuki; Ohguchi, Kenichi; Komastu, Yoshinari; Konishi, Nobuo Bending Strength of Cast Materials Reinforced with Hard Particles Biegefestigkeit von Gusswerkstoffen verstärkt mit Hartstoffteilchen Particle reinforcement via the insertion of hard particles is a promising process in materials reinforcing. Particle-reinforced spheroidal graphite martensitic cast iron (SGMC), in which mixed particles of cermet and cemented carbide are dispersed, was achieved by an insertion process. A four-point bending strength test was applied to evaluate the particle composite material. An evaporative pattern process was used on the bending-test specimen to form a composite layer in the central part. Using a combination of three sizes of cermet particles and two sizes of cemented-carbide particles, the bending strength was found to increase with each small-particle combination. The Weibull coefficient m of the four-point bending strength of the particle-reinforced composite material (PRCM) ranged from 4 to 13, and m was large in the specimen with large bending strength. Akita University, JP; Iwate Industrial Research Institute, Morioka, JP; Konishi Foundry, Iwate, JP S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: ; 6$43 Atzori, Bruno; Bonollo, Franco; Meneghetti, Giovanni Notch Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics of Austempered Ductile Irons Kerbermüdung und Bruchmechanik von Austempered Ductile Iron In this paper the fatigue characterization of an austempered ductile iron (ADI) is presented. The aim of the work is to provide design engineers involved in fatigue assessments with an engineering tool suitable to deal with notches of different severity. Classically, U-notches are divided into blunt notches and sharp notches. The former are characterized by large notch tip radii such that the high cycle fatigue strength is controlled by the elastic peak stress, i. e. by the elastic stress concentration factor. The latter are characterized by reduced notch tip radii such that the effective stress which controls the high cycle fatigue strength is significantly lower than the elastic peak stress and their behaviour become similar to that of a crack having the same length. Blunt notches are assessed according to the classical Notch Mechanics principles, while sharp notches are treated with the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics approach. After presenting the classical Frost diagram which highlights the different fatigue behaviour of sharp and blunt notches, fatigue test results generated from notches of different severity are presented as well as a synthesis in a diagram able to account for short cracks/notches, long cracks, sharp notches and blunt notches. Universita di Padova, IT; Universita di Padova, Vicenza, IT S. S

11 Dokumenten-Nummer: Basso, Alejandro; Martinez, Ricardo; Sikora, Jorge Antonio Characteristics of the Transformations Occurring within the Intercritical Interval of Ductile Iron Kennwerte der Umwandlungen, die innerhalb des interkritischen Intervalls bei Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit vorkommen Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) and fully ferritic ductile iron are frequently used to produce safety parts. A new kind of ductile iron (DI), usually referred to as "dual phase ADI" is currently under development. The matrix of this new material is composed of ausferrite (regular ADI microstructure) and free (or allotriomorphic) ferrite. This combined microstructure is obtained by subjecting DI to heat treatments comprising incomplete austenitization stages at temperatures within the intercritical interval (three phase alpha -gamma -Gr field of the Fe-C-Si stable diagram) followed by an austempering step in a salt bath in order to transform the austenite into ausferrite. This work describes some alternatives to control morphologies and amounts of phases present in the final microstructure. A revision of the results obtained on this matter by the authors as well as by other researchers is also provided. A ductile iron melt was produced in a metal casting laboratory. Samples were heat treated following different thermal cycles to obtain a wide range of duplex microstructures, containing different amounts and morphologies of microconstituents. The results account for the fact that the transformations occurring within the alpha -gamma -Gr field are strongly affected by the chemical composition, previous matrix, and holding times. The role played by the microsegregation and availability of sites for heterogeneous nucleation is also worth noticing. Starting from ferritic matrices and holding the samples at constant temperature within the intercritical interval, austenite nucleation and growth take place mainly in the last to freeze zones. On the other hand, when starting from fully recrystallised austenitic matrices, allotriomorphic ferrite can precipitate during the isothermal holding within the intercritical interval at the austenite grains boundaries forming a continuous net. The kinetics of the gamma *rightwards arrow* alpha transformation is notoriously slower than the alpha *rightwards arrow* gamma one. The influence that part size exerts on the final microstructure is also analyzed. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, AR S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: Belov, Vladimir D.; Ten, Edis B.; Drokin, Alexander S. Study of Feeding Parameters for the Production of Sound High-Alloyed Ductile Iron Castings with Aluminum Studie über die Speiserparameter für die Produktion von gesunden Gussteilen aus hochlegiertem Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit mit Aluminium This work deals with the problem of casting production from high-aluminum cast iron Al22D. This cast iron is characterized by unique combination of properties: high heat-resistance in corrosive gases medium especially containing sulfurous gases; relatively low density in comparison with gray iron and satisfactory mechanical properties. In addition, castings made from high aluminum cast iron Al22D are required in many areas of mechanical engineering. However, obtaining high-quality products from this cast iron is a particular problem due to its low-casting properties, especially its high tendency to gas saturation, oxidization and forming scabs, shrinkage and gas-shrinkage defects. Therefore, the aim of this work is the study of the castings feeding parameters. In addition, the technology of "exhaust manifold" casting of internal combustion engine designed to work in forced mode was developed on the basis of the obtained results. National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS', Moscow, RU S. S

12 Dokumenten-Nummer: Boonmee, Sarum; Stefanescu, Doru Michael The Mechanism of Formation of Casting Skin in CG Iron and its Effect on Tensile Properties Der Mechanismus für die Bildung der Gusshaut bei Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit und ihre Wirkung auf die Zugeigenschaften Sand-cast compacted graphite (CG) cast iron typically presents a surface layer (the casting skin) whose microstructure is significantly different than that of the bulk material. It is generally believed that the casting skin is the result on interaction between the metal and the mold moisture and atmosphere. This reaction results in a decarburized or graphite-free layer. The thickness of this layer is a function of process variables (e. g. cooling rate, pouring temperature, binder, coating, sand fineness, and Mg and inoculation level). The paper presents a summary of recent findings on the negative effect of casting skin on the static properties of CG iron through the use of the skin quality factor for tensile strength, defined as the ratio between the as-cast and machined tensile strength. A mechanism of casting skin formation is proposed and supported with experimental and computational data. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, US S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: Bublikov, Valentin B.; Bachinskyi, Yuriy D.; Berchuk, Dmitriy N.; Yasinskyi, Alexander A.; Nesteruk, Elena P. Mg7-FeSi Alloy Dissolution Kinetics in the In-Mould Process Auflösungskinetik der Mg7-FeSi-Legierung beim Inmould-Verfahren Ductile iron with nodular graphite is obtained after melt nodularization by ferrosiliconmagnesium master alloys. An increase in the magnesium transition degree from the master alloy to the cast iron is reached by isolation of modifying process from atmospheric air and providing conditions for controlled dissolution of the master alloy. These requirements are realized by the "inmould process" which is carried out in the reaction chambers located in the casting moulds. In this process pyro-effects and emissions of magnesium oxide in the atmospheric air are eliminated. Besides, time between nodularization and melt crystallization is reduced, that results in decrease of possibility of chilling formation, promotion of structure refining, increasing ferrite quantity in the metal matrix, and increase of ductility of the ductile iron. Wide application of in-mould process, to a certain extent, is restrained by insufficient knowledge on cast iron melt phase-to-phase interaction with the granular master alloy in the reaction chamber. This work presents the results obtained from a research on the kinetics of liquid metal front deep-advancement into granular Mg7-FeSi alloy. The phase-to-phase surface interaction, size of particles, control and speed of heat and mass exchange processes are presented in this paper. On the basis of these results it is shown that the phase-to-phase interaction can be superficial, layer, volumetric or combined. The results have also shown that highly effective economic technologies are developed for production of ductile iron case castings, crank shafts, anchors, gear wheels and other products. Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys, NASU, Kiev, UA S. S Seiten/Bilder/Tabellen/Quellen: 5S

13 Dokumenten-Nummer: Burbelko, Andriy A.; Fras, Edward; Gurgul, Daniel; Kapturkiewicz, Wojciech; Sikora, Jorge Antonio Simulation of the Ductile Iron Solidification Using a Cellular Automaton Simulation der Erstarrung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit mit Verwendung zellurarer Automatisierung The mathematical model of the globular eutectic solidification in 2D was designed. Pro NOT posed model is based on the Cellular Automaton Finite Differences (CA-FD) calculation method. Model has been used for studies of the primary and of globular eutectic grains growth during the ductile iron (DI) solidification. A hyper-eutectic composition has been analyzed but this model can be used in the solidification modeling of hypo- and eutectic DI. The proposed model makes possible to trace the unrestricted growth of primary grains of two phases from the liq NOT uid, transition from free to cooperative solidification, and cooperative growth of globular eutectic. AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, PL; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, AR S. S Seiten/Bilder/Tabellen/Quellen: 7S Dokumenten-Nummer: Buthmann, S.; u.a. Quantifizierung des statistischen Größeneinflusses auf die Schwingfestigkeit von GJL-250 Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem statistischen Größeneinfluss bei schwingender Beanspruchung. Der statistische Größeneinfluss beschreibt den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten eines versagensursächlichen Fehlers und der Proben- bzw.bauteilgröße bei gleicher Werkstoffqualität. Das Ergebnis zeigt eine Abhängigkeit der Schwingfestigkeit vom höchst belasteten Volumen. RWTH Aachen, DE; Institut für Gießereitechnik, Düsseldorf, DE S (13 Seiten, 9 Bilder, 3 Tabellen, 13 Quellen)

14 Dokumenten-Nummer: Cheiliakh, Oleksandr P.; Kolodyazhna, Irina V. New Wear-Resistant Metastable Strain Hardenable Alloyed Cast Irons Neue metastabile kaltverfestigende legierte Gusseisenwerkstoffe mit hohem Verschleißwiderstand This work addresses an urgent problem which is saving alloying elements (Ni, Mo, Nb, V, W and others) - which very scarce in Ukraine and other countries - while increasing the physical, mechanical and operational properties of the new designed and developed wear-resistant cast irons. Optical microscopy, x-ray structure analysis, transmission and scanning (fracture) electron microscopy methods, different-thermal, magnetometric and x-ray analyses, as well as hardness and micro-hardness tests, impact energy, and abrasive wear tests in environments of cast-iron shots were employed in the research. The work summarizes the controlling conditions for forming various metastable phases by including deformation (or strain) induced phase transformation (DIPT) and through realization in the process of testing. New wear-resistant economical alloyed cast irons with a metastable austenite-carbide and austenite-martensite-carbide structure are developed, which are being strain-hardened under impact-abrasive wearing operation conditions due to the realization of process DIPT in the superficial layer. These new cast irons are intended for manufacturing parts of different equipment (protective plates of sinter machines, furnaces, tracks for transferring raw materials at iron and steel works, etc.). These cast irons do not contain expensive and deficit alloying components, like nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and more expensive similar materials. Simultaneously they possess enhanced impact-abrasive wear resistance. Pre-Azov State Technical University, Mariupol, UA; Donetsk National University of Trade and Economics, UA S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: Chisamera, Mihai; Riposan, Iulian; Stan, Stelian; Militaru, Cristina; Barstow, Michael Influence of Iron Powder Addition on the Structure Characteristics of Hypereutectic Grey Cast Iron Einfluss eines Eisenpulverzusatzes auf die Gefügekennwerte bei übereutektischem Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit Slightly hypereutectic grey irons (< 4.5%CE), solidified in resin and metal moulds, after an addition of iron powder, either alone or with Ca, Ba, Al-FeSi inoculation (double treatment) were characterized by structure. Iron powder had a role in limiting the carbide presence, while the supplementary inoculation led to the fewest carbides in metal mould samples. No carbides were in resin mould solidification, while graphite morphology progressed from (C + B) in the base iron up to the type (B + A) in double treated iron. Polygonal (Mn, X)S compounds acting as graphite nuclei, whose characteristics depended on the applied treatment, were found: larger size/low compactness [base iron], irregular polygonal with tendency to the highest size and complex morphology [iron powder treatment] and compact polygonal/smallest size [double treatment]. Iron powder has a negative influence on the graphite nuclei and eutectic cell characteristics, but favours austenite dendrite formation, as a reinforcement for eutectic cells. It has a limited graphitizing effect, witnessed only at high cooling rates. A double addition [iron powder + inoculant] appears to be an efficient treatment, with beneficial effects on both the austenite and graphite nucleation, affecting the final structure and chill tendency. University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO; Consultant Metallurgist, Fremont, CA, US S. S

15 Dokumenten-Nummer: Choe, Kyeong-Hwan; Lim, Kyoung-Mook; Lee, Sang-Mok; Lee, Kyong-Whoan The Effect of Vanadium and Chromium on the Precipitation of Carbide in Si-Mo Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron Einfluss von Vanadium und von Chrom auf die Carbidausscheidung in ferritischem Si-Mo-Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit Carbide precipitation behavior in Si-Mo ferritic ductile cast iron was investigated as functions of vanadium and chromium contents. Vanadium addition promoted the precipitation of carbides both in ferrite grains and at its grain boundaries. Pearlite was found to form near the cell boundary next to the eutectic carbides in the as-cast chromium alloyed specimens, and was fully decomposed by an annealing heat treatment. Vanadium addition led to the formation of fine precipitates, prohibiting the ferrite growth, resulting in smaller ferrite grains. The precipitate phase at grain boundaries in vanadium alloyed specimens was identified as vanadium carbide (VC(1-x)) and the stoichiometry of the eutectic carbide was almost same as that in Si-Mo ferritic ductile cast iron except for a higher vanadium content. However, in the case of chromium alloyed specimen, the ratio of iron in the composition of eutectic carbide was higher than those of Si-Mo and Si-Mo-0.5V cast irons. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Incheon, KR S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: Ciobanu, Ioan; Chisamera, Mihai; Munteanu, Sorin Ion; Crisan, Aurel; Riposan, Iulian; Bedo, Tibor; Lupinca, Ionel Cinca Researches about the Determination of the Thermal Conductivity Coefficient for Silica Sand Moulds Used in Romanian Foundries Forschungen über die Ermittlung des Wärmeleitfähigkeitskoeffizienten für Formen aus Quarzsand verwendet in rumänischen Gießereien The paper presents the results of the researches regarding the determination of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the moulds used for cast iron parts in Romanian foundries. The instantaneous values of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the moulds are influenced by the type of materials that compose the moulding batch (sand, binder, additional materials) their content (percentage) their characteristics (grains form and dimensions), but also by the temperature. Many software used for casting solidification uses a mean substitutive value. This one include the effect of heat transmission by conduction in the mould wall and the secondary processes that influence the heat transfer throw the mould wall (burning processes of organic substances, water evaporation and re-condensation processes, mass transport processes). The determination of this mean value in the case of casting grey cast iron parts with thickness of 20 mm is presented in the paper. A regressive method was applied. The solidification time experimentally determined throw thermal analyses is compared with the solidification time obtained by simulation, in three points of the casting. The value of the substitutive coefficient of thermal conductivity that assure the best closeness between the simulated solidification time and the solidification time experimentally determined throw thermal analysis in the three points was established. Transilvania University of Brasov, RO; University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO; 'Eftimie Murgu' University, Resita, RO S. S

16 Dokumenten-Nummer: Diaconu, V. L.; Sjögren, T.; Skoglund, P.; Dioszegi, A. Stress relaxation of compacted graphite iron alloyed with molybdenum Spannungsrelaxtion von mit Molybdän legiertem Gusseisen mit Vermiculargraphit In a previous study, the thermomechanical fatigue resistance of four compacted graphite irons (CGIs) and one grey cast iron was investigated. The molybdenum content of the four CGIs varied between 0 and 1.01 wt-%. It was observed that during thermal cycling, the maximum value of the compressive stress continuously decreased while the value of the maximum tensile stress continuously increased. The continuous decrease in compressive stresses showed that stress relaxation occurs at elevated temperatures during thermal cycling. The goal of the present investigation was to investigate the phenomenon of stress relaxation at elevated temperatures. The tests were performed at 350 and 600 deg C respectively. The results of the stress relaxation tests performed at 600 deg C showed the same trend observed at thermomechanical fatigue testing. The tests showed that additions of molybdenum improved the fatigue resistance of CGI by lowering the stress relaxation rate. University of Miskolc, HU; SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Boras, SE; Jönköping University, SE International Journal of Cast Metals Research Erscheinungsjahr 2013 Heftnummer 1 S. S (7 Seiten, 12 Bilder, 1 Tabellen, 17 Quellen) Dokumenten-Nummer: Duit, B.; Blum, D.; Riehl, S. Hochsilizium-GJV für Motorenbauteile (SSF-GJV) Bei diesem neuentwickelten Werkstoff werden die positiven Eigenschaften von hochsiliciumhaltigem GJS (SSF-GJS) und GJV vereint, um mit einer höheren Dehnung und einem verbesserten Verhältnis aus Zug- und Streckgrenze dem Konstrukteur neue Wege zu zeigen. Componenta, Weert, NL; Componenta Germany, Stuttgart, DE S (7 Seiten, 2 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 0 Quellen)

17 Dokumenten-Nummer: Elmquist, Lennart; Dioszegi, Attila; Björklind, Tobias On the Formation of Shrinkage Porosity in Gray Iron Castings Über die Bildung von Schwindungsporosität in Gussteilen aus Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit The formation of shrinkage porosity is a concern in the production of high-quality gray iron castings. In this work, a geometry known to generate this type of defect was used to investigate some of the parameters that influence its formation. The geometry is based on the presence of a migrating hot spot that at the end of the solidification is located close to the interface between the casting and the mold. The occurrence of shrinkage porosity at this position was investigated and the cavities examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS. It is believed that this type of defect is in contact with the atmosphere during solidification. The risk for shrinkage porosity decreases with increasing carbon content. The effect of high levels of molybdenum and phosphorus was investigated and shown to influence the defect formation. Inoculation is used to control the nucleation and the effect of high levels of inoculants was also examined. The microstructure was investigated by the use of a color etching technique, and the quantification considered eutectic cell size and secondary dendrite arm spacing. The quantification was done on the microstructure in the vicinity of defects as well as in areas without porosity. Jönköping University, SE; Scania, Södertälje, SE S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: ; Fourlakidis, Vasilios A Study on Ductile Iron Production without the Use of Feeders Eine Studie über die Produktion von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit ohne die Verwendung von Speisern This paper investigates the effects of graphite added as a conditioner, of Lantanum containing nodulariser and of pouring temperature on the formation of shrinkage porosity in ductile iron casting with an eutectic composition. In this experiment for each heat the cooling curves were recorded by the use of Quick-Cups (thermal analysis cups) and different solidification parameters such as TElow, GRF1, GRF2 and TS were calculated and compared with the porosity which was found from the microstructure examination. The results show that there is a good correlation between the amount of the shrinkage formation and the thermal analysis values. Also this experiment confirm that by using certain treating elements and pouring temperature which was between deg C it is possible to eliminate the shrinkage defects in ductile iron castings without using feeders. Swerea SWECAST, Jönköping, SE S. S

18 Dokumenten-Nummer: Fras, Edward; Gorny, M. Mechanism of Dissolved Sulfur Influence on the Transition from Graphite to Cementite Eutectic in Cast Iron Mechanismus des Einflusses von gelöstem Schwefel auf den Übergang vom Graphit- zum Zementiteutektikum beim Gusseisen In this work an analytical solution is used to explain the mechanism of dissolved sulfur influence on the transition from graphite to cementite eutectic in cast iron. It is found that this transition can be related to (1) the nucleation potential of graphite (characterized by nucleation coefficients, N(ind s) and b (2) the growth rate coefficient of graphite eutectic cell, mu (3) the temperature range, Delta T(ind sc) = T(ind s) - T(ind c) (where T(ind s) and T(ind c) is the equilibrium temperature of the graphite eutectic and the formation temperature of the cementite eutectic respectively) and (4) the liquid volume fraction, fl after solidification of the pre-eutectic austenite. It has been shown that the main impact of dissolved sulfur on the transition from graphite to cementite eutectic consists in reducing the growth rate of graphite eutectic cell. Analytical equations were presented to describe the absolute chilling tendency, CT, and the chill, w of cast iron. Finally, it has been shown that as dissolved sulfur content in cast iron increases, the eutectic cell count, N, the maximum degree of undercooling at the onset of graphite eutectic solidification, Delta T(ind m), and the chilling tendency index, CT and chill, w increase as well. AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, PL Key Engineering Materials S. S Dokumenten-Nummer: Fras, Edward; Gorny, Marcin Mechanism of phosphorous influence on the chilling tendency and chill of cast iron Einfluss von Phosphor auf den Abschreckverlauf und Abschreckkokille bei Gusseisen In this work an analytical solution is used to explain the mechanism of phosphorous influence on the transition from graphite to cementite eutectic in cast iron. It is found that this transition can be related to (1) the nucleation potential of graphite, characterized directly by the nucleation coefficients N(ind s) and b, (2) the growth rate coefficient of graphite eutectic cell, micro, (3) the temperature range, Delta T(ind sc) = T(ind s) - T(ind c) (where T(ind s) and T(ind c) are the equilibrium temperature of the graphite eutectic and formation temperature of the cementite eutectic respectively) and (4) the liquid volume fraction, f(ind l), after solidification of the pre-eutectic austenite. Analytical equations were used to describe the absolute chilling tendency, CT and in consequence the chill, w of cast iron. This theory is experimentally verified using phosphorous as an example. Influence of phosphorous on estimation of N(ind s), b and micro values is presented. It has been shown that increasing phosphorous leads to increasing the critical cooling rate, C(ind cr). In consequence as content of phosphorous decreases the chilling tendency, CT and the width of chill, w increase. The main impact of phosphorous on the chilling tendency and chill is related with increasing the graphite nucleation potential of cast iron. AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, PL Giessereiforschung Erscheinungsjahr 2013 Heftnummer 1 S. S.2-10 (9 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 19 Quellen)

19 Dokumenten-Nummer: Fritsche, E.; Rimmer. A. Wärmebehandeltes Gusseisen - ACE Das Austempern von Gusseisen ist vom Werkstoff ADI bekannt. Hier wurde diesese Wärmebehandlung auf Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit übertragen. ACE bedeutet: "Austempered (grey) cast iron for engine blocks". Die korrekte Bezeichnung lautet auch: Austenitisch/Ferritisches Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit". Die akustischen Eigenschaften sind etwas besser als bei GJL und wesentlich besser als bei GJV. Der Werkstoff ACE wurde darauf getrimmt, eine hinreichend gute Bearbeitbarkeit bei gleichzeitig hoher Festigkeit aufzuweisen. Eisenwerk Brühl, Brühl, DE; ADI-Treatments, West Bromwich, GB S (14 Seiten, 15 Bilder, 0 Tabellen, 8 Quellen) Dokumenten-Nummer: Hatate, Minoru; Nobuki, Tohru; Kiguchi, Shoji; Shimizu, Kazumichi Mechanical Properties and Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Low Thermal Expansion Ductile Cast Iron with same Nickel Equivalent (NiE) Mechanische Eigenschaften und Kennwerte der thermischen Ausdehnung der geringen thermischen Ausdehnung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit mit dem gleichen Nickeläquivalent (NiE) Low thermal expansion ductile cast iron is expected to become a new structural material with high dimensional stability against temperature change. We tried to develop a new low thermal expansion ductile cast iron by means of adding C and Si to Superinver alloy. In this study we prepared four kinds of ductile cast irons whose Co contents vary from 0% to 12 %, and investigated about the effects of Co content and solution-treatments on several main characteristics such as coefficient of thermal expansion and mechanical properties. The results obtained are as follows: With increase of Co content the amount of martensite increases but this martensite can be inverse-transformed to austenite totally or greatly by solution-treatment followed with water-quenching. In the case of Co content less than some 9 % the ability of relatively larger plastic deformation can be expected in inverse-transformed austenite. Kinki University, Higashi-Hiroshima, JP; Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, JP; Muroran Institute of Technology, JP S. S

20 Dokumenten-Nummer: Heckmann, C. J.; Stets, W.; Wolf, G. Plate Fracture of Nodular Cast Iron Plattenbruch bei Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit Plate fracture is a defective fracture structure in nodular cast iron that can be found especially in the transition area of feeder, feeder neck and the cast part itself. It occurs rather spontaneously due to the fact that the exact reason for it is still unknown. The microstructure of the casting in the area of plate fracture comprises aligned graphite nodules in combination with a pronounced dendritic microstructure as characteristical features. A series of casting trials was performed in which plate like samples were produced. It could be shown by means of metallographic investigation of these samples in combination with the simulation of the solidification that specific local conditions during the solidification are the metallurgical reasons for the appearance of plate fracture. These specific conditions were the local temperature gradient and the velocity of the liquid/solid interface. Institut für Gießereitechnik (IfG), Düsseldorf, DE S. S Seiten/Bilder/Tabellen/Quellen: 7S Dokumenten-Nummer: Hirose, Masanori; Yamamoto, Kaoru; Miyahara, Hirofumi; Sakata, Kazunori; Ogi, Keisaku Abrasion Behavior of High Cr-V-Nb Cast Iron Verhalten bei Abrasivverschleiß von hochlegiertem Cr-V-Nb-Gusseisen A series of abrasion tests on high Cr-V-Nb cast irons revealed that the addition of MC type carbide formers, V and Nb, remarkably enhances the abrasion resistance of high Cr cast iron, and the abrasion resistance becomes higher with the increase in MC type carbides[1]. Therefore, hyper eutectic Fe-4.7%C-15%Cr-7%V-5%Nb-5%Mo alloy melt was poured into 30 kg and 1 kg sand mold castings to distribute different sizes of primary and eutectic carbides in hardenable matrix. The abrasion test specimens cut from each casting were austenitized at 1323 K for 1h then cooled in air. These specimens were tempered at 773 K for 1h followed by air cooling. The hardness of specimens was HV50. The rubber wheel abrasion test, a typical 3 body type one, was performed on these quenched and tempered specimens with , and 297 micro m dia. silica grit. The testing load was 86.3 N and N, and the rubber wheel rotation speed was varied from 1 s(exp -1) to 4 s(exp -1). Though the higher testing load increases the wear loss, the wear rate expressed by the wear volume/(testing load x wear distance) changes depending on the wear condition and the microstructure. In case of 30 kg cast specimen, the silica grit preferentially attack and scrape off the matrix, and the wear rate increases with the increase in the testing load. The fine carbides in 1 kg cast specimens effectively protect the matrix from the attack of silica grit, and the wear rate decreases with increasing load which causes silica grit blunt and fracture. However, fine carbides tend to be fractured by silica grit and diminish the protective effect. Based on the worn surface structures, the abrasion mechanism is discussed comparing those of steel and eutectic 25%Cr cast iron. Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Kitakyushu, JP; Kurume National College of Technology, JP; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JP; Fujikikosan, Kitakyushu, JP; Oita National College of Technology, JP S. S