Christoph Höger Christoph Nytsch-Geusen

Transkript

1 3D Visualization in Building Simulation, based on Modelica Christoph Höger Christoph Nytsch-Geusen

2 Overview Motivation Modelica library BuildingSystems Modelica 3D concept and library Integration of physical modelling and 3D-modelling Case studies Simple Thermal-hydraulic loop Building envelopes and city simulation Solar thermal system

3 Motivation Architecture / Construction industry processes: e.g. RWE- Tower Essen Idea Design Planning Realisation Sketches CAAD- models Construction drawings Operation Room schedules Real Building Generation of 3D-models with different levels of detail

4 Motivation - Examples for 3D modelling Plant Planning: 3D model with horizontal and vertical air ducts within a laboratory building (Source: Jetter GmbH) Urban Planning: 3D model of a new planned district with 2000 living units in Hasthgerd New Town/Iran (Source: Young Cities project)

5 Motivation Building Simulation and 3D modelling model Zone extends ZoneLongShortRadiationSimple (n_airvolumes = 1, n_surfaces = 8,...); HygroThermalWalls.OutsideWallHygroThermal1Dim wall_1; HygroThermalWalls.OutsideWallHygroThermal1Dim wall_2 (width = 5.0, height = 3.0, azimuth_angle = 90.0,...);... AirVolumeEnergyMoistureBalance airvolume(...); equation // connects elements <-> airvolume connect(wall_1.port_airvolume_ins, airvolume.port_surface[1]); connect(wall_2.port_airvolume_ins, airvolume.port_surface[2]); //connects elements <-> zone connect(wall_1.port_zone_ins, port_ins_surface[1]);... end Zone; Thermal model of a room in Modelica and its graphical representation with as a 2D collaboration (Icon)diagram Time lines (above) and a 3D model (below) for the visualisation of simulation results of a thermal building model

6 Modelica library BuildingSystems OpenSource-Development at UdK Berlin Integrated modelling and simulation of buildings and complex energy supply systems Transient calculation of transformation, transportation and storage of thermal energy Components Basic: Pipes, elbows, branches, pumps, Advanced: Heat storages, solar collectors, Helpers: data reader, media-calculation Under development: thermal and hygrothermal multi-zone building model Library will run with different Modelica-tools: Developed with Dymola Tests with OpenModelica in progress Component models of the Modelica library BuildingSystems (selection of the library)

7 Modelica library BuildingSystems - Applications Complex thermal-hydraulic networks HVAC systems, e.g. adiabatic evaporation cooling technologies Solar thermal systems District heating systems

8 Modelica 3D concept and library Design goals Developed by Fraunhofer FIRST in the IREA2 OpenProd project Flexibilitiy and extensibility Consistent 3D representation of Modelica models within different visualisation systems (e.g. Blender, OpenSceneGraph) Weak coupling between the simulator engine and the visualisation system over TCP-IP sockets Simple integration of further visualisation systems Simple adding of new visualisation methods Open All used technologies are free available Supported OS: Linux, Windows Standardisation Successfully used with OpenModelica and Dymola, combination with another Modelica tools is possible Will be integrated in the OpenModelica standard library

9 Modelica 3D concept and library - Architecture

10 Modelica 3D concept and library - Demonstrators Examples using the simulation engine OpenModelica and the visualisation systems Blender and OpenSceneGraph ThermalConduction PendulumWaves LunarLander

11 Integration of physical modelling and 3D-modelling Example: 3D visualisation of a discretized pipe model with n thermal nodes model PipeStraightVis3D extends FlowModels.PipeStraight; extends Visualisation3D.ModelVis3D; parameter SIunits.Length lengthelementvis3d = length/n_nodes; parameter SIunits.Temp_K mintempvis3d= ; parameter SIunits.Temp_K maxtempvis3d= ; Physical model for a straight pipe Modelica3D.Cylinder fluidelementvis3d[n_nodes] (name = "fluidelem", diameter = diameter, length = lengthelementvis3d); Shape of the 3D primitives Modelica3D.Group fluidgroupvis3d(name = "fluidgroup"); Common container of the 3D primitives Modelica3D.Material fluidmaterialvis3d[n_nodes](name="fluidmat",r=0.5,g=0.5,b=0.5); Real rvis3d, gvis3d, bvis3d; end PipeStraightVis3D; Material of the 3D primitives

12 Integration of physical modelling and 3D-modelling Example: 3D visualisation of a discretized pipe model with n thermal nodes model PipeStraightVis3D algorithm when update3d.send then if not initdone then for i in 1:n_nodes loop Modelica3D.SetObjectMaterial(fluidElementVis3D[i].id,fluidMaterialVis3D[i].id); simulation time = time_start: Material link to the 3D primitives Modelica3D.Rotate(fluidElementVis3D[i].id, 0.0, 90.0, 0.0, update3d.frame); Modelica3D.Translate(fluidElementVis3D[i].id,0.5*lengthElementVis3D +(i-1)*lengthelementvis3d, 0.0, 0.0, update3d.frame); Alignment of the 3D primitives Modelica3D.LinkToObject(fluidElementVis3D[i].id, fluidgroupvis3d.id); end for; Modelica3D.Translate(fluidGroupVis3D.id,xVis3D,yVis3D,zVis3D,update3d.frame); Modelica3D.Rotate(fluidGroupVis3D.id,xAngleVis3D,yAngleVis3D,zAngleVis3D,update3d.frame); initdone := true; end if; for i in 1:n_nodes loop (rvis3d, gvis3d, bvis3d) := Visualisation3D.RGB(fluid.T[i],minTempVis3D,maxTempVis3D); Modelica3D.SetMaterialColor(fluidMaterialVis3D[i].id, rvis3d, gvis3d, bvis3d, update3d.frame); end for; end when; endpipestraightvis3d; 1 st : Merging the 3D primitives to a group 2 nd : Alignment of the group Each visualisation frame: Mapping physical values to visualisation values (e.g. with a RGB translator)

13 Case Studies Thermal-hydraulic loop A couple of discretized pipe models Modelica 2D system diagram of the thermal hydraulic loop

14 Case Studies Thermal-hydraulic loop 3D visualisations of the thermal-hydraulic loop, rendered by the visualisation system OpenSceneGraph

15 Case Studies Building envelopes and city models 3D visualisation of building envelopes Shape representation of building envelopes Visualisation of building physics attributes: temperatures, building material moisture, heat- und moisture fluxes etc. Pre-Studies for city visualisation Performance tests with a high number of Modelica-based 3D building models Test with imported complex 3D models (topography models, complex building geometries etc.) Tests with imported data for the generation of 3D models for energetic infrastructure systems (e.g. GIS data for district heating systems) Different parameterized building envelope model Performance test with 100 building envelopes

16 Case Studies Solar thermal system Configuration of the solar thermal system: weather Primary loop with solar collector, solar pump, pipes, elbows and plate heat exchanger 2 solar collectors Secondary loop with thermal storage, storage pump, pipes, elbows Controlling of both pumps with a twopoint-controller with the measuring points solar loop controller storage loop Collector outlet temperature and Fluid temperature of the lower storage area Weather data: Hamburg (Meteonorm) heat exchanger thermal storage Simulation experiment Loading process of the solar thermal system during a summer day (24 h) solar pump storage pump

17 Case Studies Solar thermal system Modelica code of the system model (excerpt) model SolarThermalSystemVis3D parameter SIunits.Time updateinterval = 10.0; // update intervall for 3D visualisation parameter SIunits.Temp_K mintempvis3d = ; parameter SIunits.Temp_K maxtempvis3d = ; BuildingVis3D building(updateinterval = updateinterval, thickness_groundplate = 0.2, thickness_walls = 0.3, length_inside = 5.0); Pipe_Cu_26 pipe4(length= 0.38, xvis3d = 0.0, yvis3d = pipe4.length, zvis3d = building.thickness_groundplate elbow2.radius, xanglevis3d = 0.0, yanglevis3d = 0.0, zanglevis3d = 90.0, mintempvis3d= mintempvis3d, maxtempvis3d = maxtempvis3d, updateinterval = updateinterval) annotation ( ); Collector_Vitosol200H30 collector1(xvis3d = 0.0, yvis3d = -3.0, zvis3d = 3.2, xanglevis3d = 30.0, yanglevis3d = 0.0, zanglevis3d = 90.0, mintempvis3d= mintempvis3d, maxtempvis3d = maxtempvis3d, updateinterval = updateinterval) annotation ( ); equation connect(pipe8.flowport_1, collector1.flowport_2) annotation (Line(points={{-39,100}, {-43,100}},color={0,0,255}, ); connect(collector1.flowport_1, pipe1.flowport_2) annotation (Line(points={{-57,100}, {-61,100}}, color={0,0,255}, )) end SolarThermalSystemVis3D; Modelica 2D system diagram of the solar thermal system

18 Case Studies Solar thermal system collector2.t_coll2 storage.t_measure ] C40 g e 20 [d E E E E E E E E E E pump_storage.flowport_1.mdot ] 0.02 /s g [k E E E E E E E E E E7 collector2.gdot_total 800 ] 2 /m 400 [W E E E E E E E E E E7 Simulated collector outlet and storage temperature (above), mass flow of the storage pump (middle) and total solar radiation on the collector level (below) during a summer day

19 Case Studies Solar thermal system 3D visualisation of the solar thermal system, rendered by the visualisation system OpenSceneGraph