Simple Past oder Present Perfect?

Transkript

1 Simple Past oder Present Perfect? Diese zwei englischen Zeiten werden gerne wild durcheinandergeworfen, da wir die dem Simple Past entsprechende Zeit im Deutschen nicht so häufig verwenden. Besonders leicht geschieht dies bei 1:1 Übersetzungen. Beispiele: Im Present Perfect Ich habe gestern meine Tante besucht. I have visited my aunt yesterday. Ich habe letzte Woche ein Eis gegessen. Im Simple Past Ich besuchte gestern meine Tante. I visited my aunt yesterday. Ich aß letzte Woche ein Eis. I have eaten an ice-cream last week. I ate an ice-cream last week. Er hat 2010 einen Preis gewonnen gewann er einen Preis he has won a prize he won a prize. Sicherlich fällt Dir auf, dass die deutschen Sätze im Simple Past etwas merkwürdig klingen. Wir verwenden daher lieber das Present Perfect und dadurch entstehen dann Fehler :-( Die englischen Übersetzungen in der obigen Tabelle habe ich durchgestrichen, da sich hier die Signalwörter: yesterday, last week und 2010 mit dem Present Perfect beißen. Folglich sind diese Übersetzungen FALSCH! Bei einer Übersetzung musst Du also darauf achten, ob Du das Simple Past oder Present Perfect verwenden musst. Folgende Signalwörter helfen Dir dabei, die richtige englische Zeitform zu verwenden: Simple Past yesterday / ago / in 2010 (Jahreszahl kleiner als das aktuelle Jahr) / the other day / last Present Perfect just / already / ever / never / lately / recently / up to now / until now / till now / so far / not yet / yet Zudem: Ereignisse, welche schon einen ZeitPUNKT in der Vergangenheit beschreiben. Zum Beispiel: Als ich nach Hause kam etc. 1

2 Somit lassen sich drei Gegensatzpaare bilden, anhand derer Du Dich für das Simple Past oder Present Perfect entscheiden musst: Überlege, 1. ob es um einen Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit geht (Simple Past) oder darum, ob etwas gerade erst / schon oder noch nicht passiert ist (Present Perfect) geht. Beispiele: She did her homework 2 hours ago. We have just come home. 2. ob es um ein bestimmtes Ereignis geht (Simple Past) oder darum, ob oder wie häufig etwas passiert ist (Present Perfect) geht. Beispiele: She went to Paris last weekend. Have you already done the dishes? 3. ob die Handlung (Simple Past) oder das Ergebnis (Present Perfect) im Vordergrund steht. Beispiele: He won in a quiz. (Bedeutung: Er ist ein cleverer Kerl.) He has won in a quiz. (Bedeutung: und jetzt ist er steinreich.) Fragen, Anregungen oder sogar einen Fehler entdeckt? Ich freue mich über Dein Feedback oder neue Ideen zu meinen Übungen! Gerne darfst du diese auch weitergeben. Die Online Version zu den Übungen findest Du hier: Andreas Felis Flying English Coach afelis@gmx.de Englisch Nachhilfe Pforzheim Nachhilfe auch via Skype möglich! Entscheide mit, zu welchem Thema ich Übungen erstelle: Werde Fan auf Facebook! Natürlich darfst du meine Webseite gerne über Facebook und andere soziale Netzwerke teilen. 2

3 1. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? Übung 1 - Weshalb steht der Satz im Simple Past / Present Perfect? Schreibe nach jedem Satz das Signalwort auf. Vorsicht: 4 mal lautet die Begründung für das Present Perfect: Einfluss auf die Gegenwart. Schreibe in diesen Fällen Einfluss. 1. They have never missed the train to Edinburgh so far He has already cut the grass 2 times in June Did you enjoy yesterday's school party? - 4. Her eyes hurt because she has watched too much TV We arrived at the campsite last Saturday evening I've just had bacon and eggs for breakfast She has never worn her yellow dress Last week the teacher taught us everything we have to know about the Simple Past and Present Perfect I have dialed that number a hundred times - - and now I know it by heart. 10. I didn't do my homework last weekend They have just got off the train at Queens Station The rehearsal took place 2 weeks ago Have you ever played a trick on your teacher? She worked hard last month We walked a lot when we were in Greece the last time She hasn't fed the hamster yet The neighbour's new dog hasn't barked at me so far I'm very thirsty because I ve not drunk anything at all Has she made friends with the new girl in class till now? The first man landed on the moon in Mr Smith has not installed the new programme on our computers up to now I'm still tired because I have slept badly Haven't I explained that to you recently? She hasn't bought all presents for her daughter's birthday yet. - 3

4 1. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? Übung 2-1. They (keep) their living room tidy when they (be) young and single. 2. She (make / just) an appointment at the hospital. 3. (your sister / do / already) the dishes? 4. Our car (break) down when we (arrive) at the campsite. 5. She (not / set) the kitchen under fire so far. 6. She (not / speak) in front of the class yet because she is so shy. 7. Jane (not / sell) her biscuits at the jumble sale yesterday. 8. (he / ever / eat) fish and chips? 9. We (see) Laura waiting in front of the museum yesterday. 10. (you / not / chat / just) on WhatsApp with your boyfriend, Caroline? 11. They (have) a great time in Paris last month. 12. She (not / catch) a single fish till now. 13. My girlfriend (ride / never) a roller coaster (Achterbahn). 14. She (go) to a nice church last Friday evening. 15. When (you / visit) your father the last time? 16. Sonja (not / give) back the book yet. 17. After the match they (swap) T-shirts. 18. Our cat Minnie (catch / just) a bird. 19. Our teacher (nod) and (continue) teaching us Maths. 20. Sina and Toby (ride) to the department store last Friday. 4

5 2. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? Übung 3-1. (your sister / ever / ride) on an elephant? 2. We (not / eat) lunch at the new restaurant last week. 3. (you / ever / bully) a classmate? 4. I (not / meet) Carmen in front of the cinema at half past seven. 5. Our baseball team (not / win) a single match this year till now. 6. Marianne (tidy up) her room and then she (go) for a walk. 7. She (come) in the living room, (sit) down in the armchair and (turn on) the TV. 8. Why (your uncle / not / paint) his fence (Zaun) yesterday? 9. Please drive carefully, school (begin / just)! 10. I (sleep) awfully last night because it (be) very hot in my room. 11. Tom (not / write) 8 postcards when he was on holiday. 12. Sophia and Mike (not / do) their homework yet. 13. Our trip (begin) very early in the morning. 14. Since we are on vacation in Greece the sun (not / shine) yet. 15. The school choir (sing) a lovely song at the Christmas party. 16. They (not / fly) to the USA in Mandy (open) the window an hour ago. 18. I (not / tell) that my mum yet. 19. School (not / begin) yet. 20. They (rehearse) a nice song last week. 5

6 3. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? Übung 4-1. Last Saturday Sandy and I (go) to the museum in Berlin. 2. How (you / see / often) "Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone"? 3. Sarah (not / see) the new Harry Potter film so far. 4. Liz (do) her homework when she (come) home. 5. She (not / break) her promise till now. 6. Mary (find) some money in the gymnasium last week. 7. She (not / send) any postcard to her family when she was on holiday. 8. His father (buy / already) sausages for the BBQ. 9. (you / fly / ever) in a helicopter? 10. How (be) yesterday's trip to the island? 11. I (hear) somebody singing a lovely song in the park yesterday. 12. Nina (not / make) her bed yet. 13. Our neighbour's daughter (feed) our rabbit when we (be) on holiday. 14. They (choose / already) the grade s heroine of the year. 15. Last year Ellena s parents (not / fly) to Berlin. 16. Why (Tom / not / tidy up) his room yet? 17. (your mother / not / tell) you about the dangers of walking in foggy (neblig) weather so far? 18. They (be) very hungry when they (come) back from their trip. 6

7 4. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? Übung 5-1. Why (Nina / leave) the party so early last Friday? 2. My mum (already / hide) all presents for Easter at a secret place. 3. They (not / be) here so far. 4. She (give) her cat some food which it (eat) in a hurry. 5. Has he (already / throw) away the flowers? 6. We (swim) across the lake and (hide) behind the trees. 7. (you / ever / try) to catch a mouse? 8. My little sister (get) a hamster as birthday present last week. 9. His daughter (already / write) a letter to his friends at home. 10. Nina (not / shut) the windows so far. 11. When he (come) home, he (carry) a big bag in his right hand. 12. (he / not / already / tell) her to clean her room? 13. She (come) home, (feed) her budgie and (do) her homework. 14. Caroline (not / sell) her wonderful violin yesterday. 15. My sister (not / sell) her bike at the jumble sale yet. 16. I guess Marianne and Simon (leave / already) the restaurant. 17. Why (your girlfriend / sleep) badly last night? 18. She (not / go) to a nice abbey last Wednesday. 7

8 Lösungen: 1. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? - 1. They have never missed the train to Edinburgh so far. so far 2. He has already cut the grass 2 times in June. - already 3. Did you enjoy yesterday's school party? - yesterday 4. Her eyes hurt because she has watched too much TV. - Einfluss 5. We arrived at the campsite last Saturday evening. - last 6. I've just had bacon and eggs for breakfast. - just 7. She has never worn her yellow dress. - never 8. Last week the teacher taught us everything we have to know about the Simple Past and Present Perfect. - last 9. I have dialed that number a hundred times - Einfluss - and now I know it by heart. 10. I didn't do my homework last weekend. - last 11. They have just got off the train at Queens Station. - just 12. The rehearsal took place 2 weeks ago. - ago 13. Have you ever played a trick on your teacher? - ever 14. She worked hard last month. - last 15. We walked a lot when we were in Greece the last time. - last 16. She hasn't fed the hamster yet. hasn t yet / not yet / yet 17. The neighbour's new dog hasn't barked at me so far. - so far 18. I'm very thirsty because I ve not drunk anything at all. - Einfluss 19. Has she made friends with the new girl in class till now? - till now 20. The first man landed on the moon in in / in Mr Smith has not installed the new programme on our computers up to now. - up to now 22. I'm still tired because I have slept badly. - Einfluss 23. Haven't I explained that to you recently? - recently 24. She hasn't bought all presents for her daughter's birthday yet. hasn t yet / not yet / yet 8

9 2. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? - 1. They kept (keep) their living room tidy when they were (be) young and single. 2. She has just made (make / just) an appointment at the hospital. 3. Has your sister already done (your sister / do / already) the dishes? 4. Our car broke (break) down when we arrived (arrive) at the campsite. 5. She hasn t set (not / set) the kitchen under fire so far. 6. She hasn t spoken (not / speak) in front of the class yet because she is so shy. 7. Jane didn t sell (not / sell) her biscuits at the jumble sale yesterday. 8. Has he ever eaten (he / ever / eat) fish and chips? 9. We saw (see) Laura waiting in front of the museum yesterday. 10. Haven t you just chatted (you / not / chat / just) on WhatsApp with your boyfriend, Caroline? 11. They had (have) a great time in Paris last month. 12. She hasn t caught (not / catch) a single fish till now. 13. My girlfriend has never ridden (ride / never) a roller coaster (Achterbahn). 14. She went (go) to a nice church last Friday evening. 15. When did you visit (you / visit) your father the last time? 16. Sonja hasn t given (not / give) back the book yet. 17. After the match they swapped (swap) T-shirts. 18. Our cat Minnie has just caught (catch / just) a bird. 19. Our teacher nodded (nod) and continued (continue) teaching us Maths. 20. Sina and Toby rode (ride) to the department store last Friday. 9

10 3. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? - 1. Has your sister ever ridden (your sister / ever / ride) on an elephant? 2. We didn t eat (not / eat) lunch at the new restaurant last week. 3. Have you ever bullied (you / ever / bully) a classmate? 4. I didn t meet (not / meet) Carmen in front of the cinema at half past seven. 5. Our baseball team hasn t won (not / win) a single match this year till now. 6. Marianne tidied up (tidy up) her room and then she went (go) for a walk. 7. She came (come) in the living room, sat (sit) down in the armchair and turned on (turn on) the TV. 8. Why didn t your uncle (your uncle / not / paint) his fence (Zaun) yesterday? 9. Please drive carefully, school has just begun (begin / just)! 10. I slept (sleep) awfully last night because it was (be) very hot in my room. 11. Tom didn t write (not / write) 8 postcards when he was on holiday. 12. Sophia and Mike haven t done (not / do) their homework yet. 13. Our trip began (begin) very early in the morning. 14. Since we are on vacation in Greece the sun hasn t shone (not / shine) yet. 15. The school choir sang (sing) a lovely song at the Christmas party. 16. They didn t fly (not / fly) to the USA in Mandy opened (open) the window an hour ago. 18. I haven t told (not / tell) that my mum yet. 19. School hasn t begun (not / begin) yet. 20. They rehearsed (rehearse) a nice song last week. 10

11 4. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? - 1. Last Saturday Sandy and I went (go) to the museum in Berlin. 2. How often have you seen (you / see / often) "Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone"? 3. Sarah hasn t seen (not / see) the new Harry Potter film so far. 4. Liz did (do) her homework when she came (come) home. 5. She hasn t broken (not / break) her promise till now. 6. Mary found (find) some money in the gymnasium last week. 7. She didn t send (not / send) any postcard to her family when she was on holiday. 8. His father has already bought (buy / already) sausages for the BBQ. 9. Have you ever flown (you / fly / ever) in a helicopter? 10. How was (be) yesterday's trip to the island? 11. I heard (hear) somebody singing a lovely song in the park yesterday. 12. Nina hasn t made (not / make) her bed yet. 13. Our neighbour's daughter fed (feed) our rabbit when we were (be) on holiday. 14. They have already chosen (choose / already) the grade s heroine of the year. 15. Last year Ellena s parents didn t fly (not / fly) to Berlin. 16. Why hasn t Tom tidied up (Tom / not / tidy up) his room yet? 17. Hasn t your mother told (your mother / not /tell) you about the dangers of walking in foggy (neblig) weather so far? 18. They were (be) very hungry when they came (come) back from their trip. 11

12 5. Simple Past ODER Present Perfect? - 1. Why did Nina leave (Nina / leave) the party so early last Friday? 2. My mum has already hidden (already / hide) all presents for Easter at a secret place. 3. They haven t been (not / be) here so far. 4. She gave (give) her cat some food which it ate (eat) in a hurry. 5. Has he already thrown (already / throw) away the flowers? 6. We swam (swim) across the lake and hid (hide) behind the trees. 7. Have you ever tried (ever / try) to catch a mouse? 8. My little sister got (get) a hamster as birthday present last week. 9. His daughter has already written (already / write) a letter to his friends at home. 10. Nina hasn t shut (not / shut) the windows so far. 11. When he came (come) home, he carried (carry) a big bag in his right hand. 12. Hasn't he already told (not / already / tell) her to clean her room? 13. She came (come) home, fed (feed) her budgie and did (do) her homework. 14. Caroline didn t sell (not / sell) her wonderful violin yesterday. 15. My sister has not sold (not / sell) her bike at the jumble sale yet. 16. I guess Marianne and Simon have already left (leave / already) the restaurant. 17. Why did your girlfriend sleep (your girlfriend / sleep) badly last night? 18. She didn t go (not / go) to a nice abbey last Wednesday. 12