Asymptotic properties of diffusions in random environment

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Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Asymptotic properties of diffusions in random environment Author(s): Del Tenno, Ivan Publication Date: 2008 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005649048 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library

Diss. ETH No. 17798 Asymptotic Properties of Diffusions in Random Environment A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by IVAN DEL TENNO Dipl. Math. ETH born April 8, 1979 citizen of Poschiavo GR, Switzerland accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. A.-S. Sznitman, examiner Prof. Dr. E. Bolthausen, co-examiner 2008

Abstract In this thesis we study asymptotic properties of a specific class of random motions evolving in an inhomogeneous medium, the so-called diffusions in random environment. The nature of these movements differs from many others by an interplay of random effects at two levels: on one hand the environment, in which the diffusion evolves, is random and on the other hand the diffusion itself is characterized by a stochastic equation of motion. The law of the diffusion in a randomly chosen but fixed environment is the so-called quenched law. It is also convenient and sometimes more pertinent to consider the annealed law which is, roughly speaking, the quenched law averaged over all possible environments. In the first part of this work we consider a special class of diffusions that are Brownian motions which are perturbed by environment-dependent drifts. For this family of processes we derive a law of large numbers and show that an invariance principle holds for almost every environment (a quenched functional central limit theorem). In particular, we provide examples of diffusive behavior beyond present knowledge. The proofs of these results are very much inspired by an analogous work in the discrete space-time setting done by Bolthausen, Sznitman and Zeitouni, see [5], and are based on the existence of cut times for Brownian motion. The second part of this work is dedicated to the construction of examples of diffusions in random environment showing that the naive guess that the asymptotic velocity is very similar to the expected local drift is wrong, even for small perturbations of Brownian motion. Indeed, we provide examples with non-vanishing expected local drift but where the limiting velocity vanishes or even points to an opposite direction to the local drift. Furthermore, we also find examples with vanishing expected local drift which exhibit ballistic behavior (i.e. the limiting velocity is non-degenerate). The main tool vii

viii Abstract in the construction of the above examples is the method of the environment viewed from the particle.

Kurzfassung Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit asymptotischen Eigenschaften einer bestimmten Klasse von Zufallsprozessen in inhomogenen Medien, den sogenannten Diffusionen in zufälliger Umgebung. Charakteristisch für diese Art von Prozessen ist ein Zusammenspiel von Zufälligkeiten auf zwei verschiedenen Stufen: einerseits ist die Umgebung zufällig, in welcher sich der Prozess fortbewegt, andererseits ist der Diffusionsprozess selbst durch eine stochastische Bewegungsgleichung bestimmt. Die Verteilung der Diffusion in einer zufällig gewählten aber festen Umgebung nennt man die "quenched" Verteilung. Es ist auch oft von Vorteil und manchmal sogar angemessener die "annealed" Verteilung zu betrachten, welche das Mittel der "quenched" Verteilung über alle möglichen Ausprägungen der Umgebung darstellt. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit betrachten wir eine spezielle Klasse von Diffusionen, die aus Brownschen Bewegungen besteht, welche durch umgebungsabhängige Drifte perturbiert werden. Für diese Familie von Prozessen beweisen wir ein Gesetz der grossen Zahlen und zeigen, dass ein Invarianz Prinzip für fast jede Umgebung gilt (ein "quenched" funktionaler Grenzwertsatz). Insbesondere finden wir neue Beispiele von diffusivem Verhalten. Die Beweise dieser Resultate sind von den Ideen einer Arbeit im diskreten Fall von Bolthausen, Sznitman und Zeitouni, siehe [5], inspiriert und basieren auf der Existenz von "cut times" für die Brownsche Bewegung. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit ist der Konstruktion von Beispielen von Diffusionen in zufälliger Umgebung gewidmet, die aufzeigen sollen, dass die naive Vermutung, die asymptotische Geschwindigkeit entspräche ungefähr dem mittleren lokalen Drift, falsch ist, sogar für leichte Störungen der Brownschen Bewegung. In der Tat finden wir Beispiele mit nicht verschwindendem mittleren lokalen Drift und einer asymptotischen Geschwindigkeit, die gleich Null ist oder sogar in die zum mittleren lokalen Drift entgegengesetzte Richtung zeigt. Zudem liefern wir auch Beispiele von ballistischem Verhalten ix

x Kurzfassung (d.h. die asymptotische Geschwindigkeit ist nicht degeneriert) mit mittlerem lokalen Drift gleich Null. Das Hauptwerkzeug für die Konstruktion dieser Beispiele ist die Methode von "the environment viewed from the particle" ("die Umgebung aus der Sicht des Partikels").