Eidgenössisches Departement des Innern EDI Bundesamt für Meteorologie und Klimatologie MeteoSchweiz. COST-727 Action

Transkript

1 COST-727 Action Measuring and forecasting atmospheric icing on structures COST: European COoperation in the field of Scientific and Technical research

2 Goals of COST-727 Action To develop the understanding of icing (especially in-cloud icing) and freezing rain events in the atmospheric boundary layer and their distribution over Europe as well as to improve the potential to observe, monitor and forecast them. Eis & Fels

3 12 countries: Finland Norway Sweden Germany Austria Switzerland Czech Rep. Hungaria Bulgaria Slovakia UK Spain (Japan) Participation Family Name First Name Country Institute MC Tammelin Bengt Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute Seifert Henry Germany Hochschule Bremerhaven Berge Erik Norway Kjeller Vindteknikk AS Dobesch Hartwig Austria Central Inst.f.Meteorology&Geodynamics Fikke Svein Norway Consultant Golding Brian UK MetOffice Heimo Alain Switzerland MeteoSwiss Hosek Jiri Czech Rep Institute of Atm. Physics Kollath Kornel Hungaria Hungarian Meteorological Service Makkonen Lasse Finland Technical Research Centre of Finland Molnar Laszlo Hungaria Hungarian Meteorological Service Moraliyski Emil Bulgaria National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology Nikolov Dimitar Bulgaria National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology Ostrozlik Marian Slovakia Geophysical Inst., Slovak Academy of Sciences Persson Per-Erik Sweden AerotechTelub AB Ronsten Göran Sweden Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) Sabata Jaroslav Czech Rep EGU, Brno Wareing Brian UK Brian Wareing.Tech Ltd Wichura Bodo Germany German Meteorological Service WGs Ahti Kari Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute Magnusson Mikael Sweden Swedish Meteorological and Hydrolical Institute Bergström Hans Sweden Uppsala university Harstveit Knut Norway Norwegian Meteorological Institute Chum Jaroslav Czech Rep Institute of Atm. Physics Kimura Shigeo Japan Kanagawa Institute of Technology Kristjánsson Jón Egill Norway University of Oslo Kunz Stefan Switzerland Laakso Timo Finland Technical Research Centre of Finland Letalick Dietmar Sweden Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) Meijer Staffan Sweden FOI, Sweden Olsson Esbjorn Sweden SMHI (Sundsvall) Säntti Kristiina Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute Sundin Eva Sweden SwedPower AB (Vattenfall) Eis & Fels

4 Organization: WGs Sensor Technology WG 2 COST 727 Icing Measurements Meteorologigal Measurements Input WG 1 Phase II MODEL Output Application WG 3 Forecasting Design Ice Loads on Structures Power Losses of Wind Turbines Eis & Fels

5 Working Group 2 Results of Phase I: Publication of the State of the Art report Definitions of Icing (Structures, Meteorology, Wind turbines, Power lines, ) Current standards (WMO, ISO, IEC, ) Measurements under icing conditions (WMO/CIMO Recommendations) Existing Data as measured in different countries Requirements for ice detectors Availability of ice detectors Experiences with available automatic sensors Long-term recommendations Published by MeteoSwiss, March 2007 Eis & Fels

6 Swiss contribution to WG2: National program: Icing Monitoring at SMN test station Guetsch Perform icing measurements with different available icing sensors winter 2005/2006: test operation winter 2006/2007 and 2007/2008: international comparison (with ISO reference) Develop an icing reference instrument Develop an ISO compatible sensor Perform tests to qualify performances Perform meteorological measurements for the monitoring of the nearby wind power generator operated by EWU Develop tools and recommendations for evaluating icing conditions at standard meteorological stations NOT equipped with ice detectors Set-up recommendations to fulfil the requirements of the industry (traffic, power transmission, wind energy) for icing conditions. Eis & Fels

7 Swiss contribution to WG2: Partners MeteoSwiss METEOTEST State Secretariat for Education and Research SER Elektrizitätswerk Ursen BFE Swiss Federal Office of Energy BfV Swiss Federal Office for Transport Swisscom Broadcast Boschung Mecatronic AG Markasub AG Kelag A. Heimo S. Kunz E. Klaper M. Russi M. Geissmann R. Horbaty ENCO Bernhard Schmid Paul Schneeberger P.-A. Brodard M. Kaspar K. Künzli Project Leader Project Management & Coordination COST Switzerland Project Partner: On site logistics Guetsch Owner of Wind Turbine on Guetsch Project support: Wind Energy Project support: Cable cars Project support Project Partner: Instrument development Project Partner: Instrument development Project Partner: Instrument test Eis & Fels

8 Measurements configuration Standard measurements: Wind speed and direction (3D) Pressure Temperature (T + Tdew) & RH% Short wave down-welling irradiance Short wave reflected irradiance Long wave down-welling irradiance Luminosity Sunshine duration Rain detection Rain amount Snow-height, -temperature, -surface temperature Radioactivity Control camera Special measurements: Cloud base (ceilometer) Precipitation characteristics (disdrometer) Present weather (2x) Rain amount (weighting principle) X Vibrometer prototype Ice detector (2x Rosemount) Combitech (~ ISO 12494) X ICE monitor X HoloOptics Infralytic (?) Vaisala Other instruments for COST-727 Reference instruments for test stations: Rosemount/Goodrich (icing detection) Combitech (icing deposition) Eis & Fels

9 Guetsch test station Eis & Fels

10 Measurements setup Eis & Fels

11 Instruments pictures Eis & Fels

12 Meteorology: installations Many of the instruments have been delivered with special, non standard output formats which have been often difficult to integrate in the operating software. The instrument themselves have proved to be more difficult than expected to adapt for harsh conditions. Examples: Combitech: installed without problem. However, it lost some protection parts during the first heavy storm of the winter. Consequence: the rotating part gets frozen very quickly under icing conditions, preventing the sensor to rotate as it should. Upgrade will be installed for the second part of the winter. Ice Monitor: this instrument has never worked properly on the site. It seems that Finland has made the same experience at the Luosto station as well as Austria in Sternwald. HoloOptics. Very poor manufacturing with water leaks in the structure and consequent damages of the electronic. A new version has been installed for the second part of the winter without success. Rosemount ice detector: delivered without female connector. It proved impossible to get such spare part from the USA because of military regulations. However, solutions could be found so that the instrument will be installed for the second part of the winter. Rosemount freezing rain detector: delivered with a 110VAC power supply. Special installation had to be designed. The instrument will be installed for the second winter. Eis & Fels

13 LUOSTO TEST SITE Measuring devices: Rosemount Ice detector, model 0872J IceMonitor, Combitech FD12P weather sensor Temperature and humidity sensors Ice-free wind sensor Global radiation Four video cameras Eis & Fels

14 ICEMONITOR - ISO12494 standard Specifications: An Ice Load sensor developed by Combitech AB The freely rotating rod is 0.5 m long and has a diameter of 30 mm according to the ISO12494 standard Measuring capacity of 500 N (50 kg) The bearing is electrically heated for a constant temperature of +1º C Performance: Sensor has yielded promising results Problems (similar to Guetsch): Does not rotate freely Noise appears on the data Rubber shield was lost due to wind Eis & Fels

15 COST-727: Short Time Scientific Mission by Bjorn Egil Nygaard Simulation of icing events on Gütsch mountain and in Deadwater Fell Goal of the mission: WRF Model verification with measurement data from Gütsch in collaboration with René Cattin, MeteoTest.

16 The WRF Model Weather Research & Forecasting Model Mesoscale, non-hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model Meant to gradually replace its predecessor, MM5 Eis & Fels

17 Eis & Fels

18 Eis & Fels

19 Results: Simulation results: lessons learned In general promising agreement between WRF model and measurements at Guetsch (simulation for Deadwater Fell in UK gave even better results): WRF model is very sensitive to the location of the cyclone position in mountainous environment good agreement on icing periods ice loads probably underestimated high resolution of DTM is crucial (Digital Terrain Model) the steep terrain is problematic: neighbouring grid points must be included in analysis verification of model with measurements is very important for interpretation of model results camera images currently best source for verification Next simulations smaller time step, and increase spatial resolution (= more computer time) -> 2.2 km input data from MeteoSwiss operational model is being presently tested comparison of measurements with models is mandatory for interpretation: better ice detector data for comparison good visualisation of model results is important to understand processes on all scales (4D- picture) Eis & Fels

20 Conclusion Future activities Tasks planed for : COST-727 Action Phase II: Continuous measurements at Luosto (Finland) and Guetsch (Switzerland). New measurements in Lindenberg (Germany), Studnice (CZ Republic) and Deadwater Fell (UK). All stations equipped with Combitech and Rosemount ice detectors. WRF Model simulation for all stations Final report COST-727 national project: Second winter of official measurements Installation and tests of new ice detectors (Infralytic, HoloOptics, etc.) if available. Evaluation of the results Final Report Eis & Fels

21 Eis & Fels