acatech DEUTSCHE AKADEMIE DER TECHNIKWISSENSCHAFTEN Our Common Future Essen, 05. November 2010 Diminishing Emissions in the Building Sector

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1 acatech DEUTSCHE AKADEMIE DER TECHNIKWISSENSCHAFTEN Our Common Future Essen, 05. November 2010 Diminishing Emissions in the Building Sector Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Hillemeier Member of the acatech Executive Board Technische Universität Berlin At a Glance: The 11 acatech Topical Networks Education and Knowledge Management Biotechnology Mobility Nanotechnologie Energy and Ressources Product Development Health Technologies Foundation of Engineering and Technology Safety and Security Materials IuK Technology

2 Contents 1. Energy - Targets 2. Energy - Realizations 3. Energy - Improvements 4. Energy - Innovations Governmental Ordonances Europe January 4th 2003: European Guideline: Total Energy Efficiency of Buildings Request until January 2006: Transformation into National Rights Germany New Technical Standard: DIN V parallel Development of EnEV 2007 Meseberg Decisions: September 2007 Tightened Targets: 15% Renewables in New Buildings 10% Renewables in Existing Buildings

3 German Energy Flux Import 75% Industry Mobility Housing Services 1/3 1/3 1/3 Contents 1. Energy - Targets 2. Energy - Realizations 3. Energy - Improvements 4. Energy - Innovations

4 Energy Consumption of Buildings Development of EnEV Durability! until 1984: ca. 250 kwh/(m²a) : 25 l Oil 1. WSchVO (1984) - 30% Heating Energy Demand 2. WSchVO (1995) - 30% 100 kwh/(m²a) EnEV (2002) - 30% < 70 kwh/(m²a) erb EnEV (2007) - 30% Low Energy House Energy Saving House 60 3-Liter House Energy Saving House kwh/(m²a) 40 kwh/(m²a) 25 kwh/(m²a) 15 kwh/(m²a) Chances of Energetic Modernization Heat Energy Demand [KWh/(m²a)] Originalzustand teilsaniert wirtschaftlich optimal gedämmt DIN 4108 Amount of Flats 2008 [%] WSchV O EnE V EnEV 2009 EnEV 2012 [EBuM]

5 Energetic Balancing for the Use Phase Energy Efficiency in the Building Sector By 2005, 80% of all households ( 38 Mio. DU) were not yet properly thermally insulated 16 Mio. heating installations are still working according to old standards Overall, around 150 Mio. t of annual CO 2 emissions can be saved

6 Energetic Standards per m² Building Area Living Area (m²) per Inhabitant (Germany) Primary-Energy-Demand in kwh/(m²a): 40 Building Area in m²: 150 Primary-Energy-Demand in kwh/a: Visualization of Heat Transfer

7 Example: Panel Building Saving Energy in the German Panel Building Sector spez. Jahresheizwärmebedarf [kwh/(m²*a)] Blockbau Streifenbau Basis-Heizwärmebedarf Blue: before the rehabilitation Red: after the rehabilitation P2/5 P2/11 QP 71 (Berlin) Jahres-Heizwärmebedarf nach der Sanierung WBS 70/5 WBS 70/11 WBR 83/5 (Rostock) WBR 85/5 (Erfurt) WHH GT 18/21 (Berlin)

8 Structural thermic protection Variation of Insulation Measures Basement Ceiling Kellerdecke Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient U [W/(m²*K)] 0,800 0,700 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200 0,100 0,000 Istzustand Variante 1 mit Zusatzdämmung (d=6cm) Variante 2 mit Zusatzdämmung (d=10cm) Variante 3 mit Zusatzdämmung (d=14cm)

9 Costs saved for each saved kwh wall roof basement Payback Period saved energy costs investment costs 10 8 Energiekosteneinsparung Investitionskosten /(m²a) Jahre => EnEV

10 Contents 1. Energy - Targets 2. Energy - Realizations 3. Energy - Improvements 4. Energy - Innovations Influence of the building geometry on the need of heating energy [EBuM]

11 German Standard - DIN V warum Zonierung? Wärmequellen 104 Wh/(m²d) Beleuchtungsstärke 100 lx Beleuchtungsstärke 500 lx Wärmequellen 72 Wh/(m²d) Büro Büro Büro Büro Büro WC Büro Büro Büro nicht ausreichendes Tageslicht Klimatisierung Sitzungs- raum Lüftungs- anlage kein Tageslicht keine Wärmequellen Quelle: BMVBS, Hegner Energetic Building Standards > New construction after EnEV-2009 > Efficiency Classes (130, 115, 100, 85, 70, 55) > Passive House > Zero Heat-Energy House > Plus-Energy-House EnEV 2009 Effizienzhaus 100 Q p Referenzgebäude H T = max. 0,65 W/(m²K) (gebäudetypabhängig) Effizienzhaus 70 Q p 70 %, H T 85 % der EnEV Anforderungen (KfW, dena) Effizienzhaus 55 Q p 55 %, H T 70 % der EnEV Anforderungen (KfW, dena) Passivhaus Jahres-Heizwärmebedarf q h 15 kwh/(m²a), Q p 120 kwh/(m²a) incl. Strom Nullheizenergiehaus geringer Verbrauch und eigene Deckung des Heizenergieverbrauchs Plus-Energie-Haus geringer Verbrauch und höhere Energieerzeugung als Verbrauch im Jahresmittel

12 Building Standards of Sustainability > Laufendes Europäisches Normungsverfahren CEN/TC 350 Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäuden > Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen für Bundesgebäude des BMVBS (BNB) > Bsp.: Deutsches Gütesiegel für nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) > Bsp.: BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) > Bsp.: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) [BMVBS 2008] [breeam] [USGBC] Sustainable Construction Ecological, Economical and Socio-Cultural Dimensions

13 Reichstag Aquifer-Storage Reichstag Heat storage m deep - Power rate in 5800 kw - Power rate out 3250 kw - Storage temperature 70 C C (158 F) - Efficiency η 60 % Cold storage - 50 m deep m 3 /h - max. Temp C F

14 Minimization of the Energy Requirement 120 mm insulation material exterior wall 150 mm insulation λ = 0,035 W/(m K) flat roof 120 mm foam glass in the floor area Heat tranfer coefficient k = 1,4... 1,6 W/(m² ² K) Construction site of the federal chancellary Energy Efficiency PV-System Federal Chancellary Annual Jahresertrag Rate [kwh] in kwh planned measured

15 Energy Requirement Certificate (BMVBS Berlin) Historic Building, Invalidenstraße Contents 1. Energy - Targets 2. Energy - Realizations 3. Energy - Improvements 4. Energy - Innovations

16 Energy Optimised New Buildings Sunscreen Clouding Solar Thermal & Photovoltaics Modul Tempering Ventilation / Cooling Geothermal Power Boiler/ KWK Systems Storage Pantheon in Rom

17 Infra-light Concrete > Trockenrohdichte ρ tr < 800 kg/m³ Infra-light Concrete

18 FAZ (λ = 0.18; ρ = 0.76) Transparent Insulation Sommer

19 Transparent Insulation Winter Transparent Insulation > Konvektive TransparenteWärmeDämmVerbundSysteme - TWDVS

20 > Hybride TransparenteWärmeDämmVerbundSysteme (WDVS) > Hybrid Transparent External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) 1 Wärmedämmung 2 Putz 3 Glasputz 4 TWD 5 Absorber 6 Wärmetauscher 7 Mauerwerk Transparent Insulation Rote Solarwabe > Beispiel 5: Ausführung TWDVS Glasfassade mit Zellulose-Solarwabe

21 Transparent Insulation Office Building in Erfurt > TWD-Neubauausführung Bürogebäude Erfurt Switchable Glasses outside inside outside inside Transmission Reflection Transmission Reflection

22 VIGs - VAKUUMISOLATIONSVERGLASUNG EN > glasstec, Messe Düsseldorf, Oktober 2008 Electrical Power Generation by Photovoltaic 480 m² Solar Roof as an Awning with Photovoltaic- Modules with a power of 45 kw. Building of Bionorica AG, Firmenzentrale in Neumarkt/Oberpfalz (Pict.: Schüco International KG)

23 Status quo Photovoltaic PV today 1 % of the german electric power production Not-insulated Buildings (B) today % Rest (R) (B) 100 R = B (1 p) n 50 p = 1,05 % p = 2,21 % Years 100 n

24 Washington D.C. October 18th, 2007 Solar Decathlon: Energetically Optimized The Criteria are: 1. Architecture 2. Market ability 3. Technological putting into action 4. Light concept 5. Public relations 6. Thermal comfort 7. Hot-water preparation 8. Technological equipment 9. Home Entertainment 10.Energy feeding

25 TU Darmstadt with Solar Decathlon in Washington 2007 TU Darmstadt with Solar Decathlon in Washington 2009

26 Phase Change Materials Melting-/ Crystallisationheat Ice-Water: Δ H = 333 kj/kg at 0 C Phase Change Materials

27 Phase Change Materials > PCM Wärmespeicherung Cooling elements for Telecom-Shelters Factor 10 Polystyrene Insulation Vacuum Insulation Panel Heat Conductivity in W/mK 0,040 0,0040

28 Vacuum Insulation Panel (RFID) Radio Frequency Identification

29 (RFID) Radio Frequency Identification Saving Water

30 Quidquid agis.. Wisdom since the old Latinists Quidquid agis prudenter agas et respice finem. Whatever you do, do it cautiously, and look to the end.

31 The World Thank you very much for your attention