Berechnungsschema von Heizungsanlagen

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3 Berechnungsschema von Heizungsanlagen q ce q d q s e g f P alle q in [kwh/m²a]; e g und f P in [-]

4 Wärmeschutzverordnung `95: Berechnung des Heizwärmebedarfs Gebäudehülle Anlagentechnik q T q S q Verlus te q Solaranlage q L WRG alle q in [kwh/m²a] q I q h q tw WRG q Primärenergie Berechnung q h nach WSVO `95: Berechnung der Anlagentechnik:? q h = q T + q L η (q I + q S ) (Heizungsanlagenverordnung) Vorgabe WSVO `95: q h,max, WSVO q h

5 EnEV Festlegung Energieeinsparung Gleiche Randbedingungen max. Jahres-Energiebed arf Qp <Qp,max Qp= Qh x ep Gleiche Randbedingungen DIN V Berechnung Bauphysik Gleiche Randbedingungen DIN V Berechnung Anlagentechnik Jahr es-heiz wärm ebedarf Qh Anlag en-auf wand szahl ep

6 Berechnung des Primärenergiebedarfs Gebäudehülle Anlagentechnik q T q S q Verlus te q Solaranlage q L WRG alle q in [kwh/m²a] q I q h q tw WRG q Primärenergie Berechnung q h nach DIN V : q h = q T + q L η (q I + q S ) Berechnung e P nach DIN V : e P = q P q + q h tw Vorgabe EnEV: q q = e (q q ) P,max, EnEV P P h + tw

7 A b lu ft Berechnungsschema von Lüftungsanlagen Bedarfsdeckung Bedarfsentwicklung Primärenergie Primärenergieumwandlung Wärme Wärme Wärme Übergabe Verteilung Erzeug ung Hilfsenergie Strom

8 Technology for solar lowest-energy residential buildings lo w h e a t lo sses building shell optimised for solar use efficient energy technologies compact architecture improved insulation industrial construction heat recovery so la r d e sig n energy optimised windows solar active surfaces solar collect ors solar electric p o w e r syst e ms efficient low power heat generators improved storage system s optimised controls and hydraulics solar cooling

9 Niedrigenergiehäuser WRG 300 Plus WRG 300 WDC WRG 300 WP AWP 150/200 S WS 250 WRG 300 WPK AWP 150/200 Passivhäuser AEREX (190l ) AEREX(400l,solar) WS 250

10 Principle of compact heating and ventilation units (CHAVU's) for solar passive houses compact ven tilatio n un it tank solar co lle ctor outlet air in le t a ir heated outside air exhaust air hot water heat ~ exchanger heat pump ~ cold water outside air earth-to-air heat exchanger

11 h - x Diagram MAICO AEREX BW 160

12 Anlagenaufwandszahl e p MAICO BW + BM

13 Anlagenaufwandszahl e p MAICO WS 250 & Brennwertkessel

14 Anlagenaufwandszahl e p MAICO AWP 150 S & 200 S

15 Measurement results from the solar passive house in Büchenau/Bruchsal Solar passive house in Büchenau: m² living area - Maico Aere x CHAVU - 8 m² solar collect or - earth-to-air heat exchanger kwh per day electric heating heat pump solar gain domestic hot water Measurement results: 0 week 18 week 30 week 42 week 02 week kwh m -2 a -1 space heating - 15 kwh m -2 a -1 domestic hot water - solar fraction for the total heating consumption > 40 % - 13 kwh m -2 a -1 building services electricity for heating, ventilation, hot water

16 Comparison of the electricity needed for building services in solar passive houses when individual components are combined (left) and integrated CHAVU's (right) are used. Each column represents the monitored building services system in a single passive house EnBW Funding programme for solar passive houses with heat pumps: ele ctricity consumption for building services technology, results for buildings, average value: kwh/m²a kwh/m²a 18 buildings, average value: 14.0 kwh/m²a modular: ventilation unit with heat exchanger and se parate heat pump compact: compact heating and ventilation unit with exhaust air heat pump

17 Schematic diagram of a fuel-cell heating system in a residential building natural gas gas processing hot water tank hot water, to household heatexchanger air DC AC electricity to consumer and to grid fuel cell inverter

18 Projected data for a PEM fuel cell 100 efficiency value (%) fuel cell, ele ctricity 0 reformer system -20 efficiency reduction due to peripheral devices power (%)

19 Energy flows in the building of the future. external electricity grid electronics, communication, mechanical energy, artificial lighting so la r cells combined heat and power unit heat pump fu el cell hot water heating co olin g lo ng t erm heat storage so la r t h e rma l co llect o rs solar facades (advanced windows) In future, small heat pumps to generate residual heat can be replaced by small heat/electricity cogeneration plants (with diesel generators, miniature gas turbines or fuel-cell heating). Combustion of high-quality chemical fuels without simultaneous generation of electricity should be avoided as far as possible.