Navigationshilfen in der Luftfahrt von heute und morgen. Dr. Helmut Blomenhofer Thales ATM GmbH

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1 Navigationshilfen in der Luftfahrt von heute und morgen Dr. Helmut Blomenhofer Thales ATM GmbH Inhalt Firmenvorstellung Thales Konventionelle Navigationshilfen Entwicklung des Luftverkehrs und notwendige Maßnahmen Überblick Communication, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) Satellitennavigation Luftraumüberwachung mit ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) Zusammenfassung 2 1

2 Profile World leader for mission-critical information systems Three core businesses Aerospace Defence Security }More than 12bn annual revenues A Worldwide Group 68,000 employees worldwide Presence in 50 countries 2007 outlook 3 Defence Three core businesses 50 % Air Land Naval Joint Aerospace Security 25 % 25 % 2007 outlook 4 2

3 Main country headcounts > 1,000 people USA: 2,900 Canada: 1,100 South America: 600 France: 35,200 UK: 8,800 Germany: 6,200 Spain: 2,600 Italy: 2,600 Netherlands: 2,000 Belgium: 1,000 Australia: 3,300 Korea: 1,300 Others: Saudi Arabia: 530 / South Africa: 330 / China: 300 / Switzerland: 280 / Norway: 227 / Austria: 170 / Singapore: 170 / Portugal: 160 / Poland: Innovation and technological excellence R&D at Thales totals 2.2bn (18% of revenues) 25,000 researchers on cutting-edge technologies 300 inventions per year Over 15,000 patents Over 30 cooperation agreements with universities and public research laboratories in Europe, the United States and Asia Copyright Nobel Web AB 2007 Photo: Hans Mehlin 6 3

4 Aerospace Onboard all major civil and military aerospace programmes. Capabilities Aeronautical equipment Mission electronics for combat aircraft Airborne surveillance and mission systems Main customers Air forces, aircraft manufacturers (AgustaWestland, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Dassault, Embraer, Eurocopter, Sikorsky, Sukhoi, etc.), airlines 7 Air Traffic Management fast facts In the world, 1 in every 2 airplanes is brought to the ground safely thanks to Thales air traffic management systems or equipment, Each week, 1 new Thales air traffic management radar is installed in the world, Today, more than 100 Thales secondary radars Mode S are in service in the world, Thales has 260 air traffic management systems EUROCAT installed in the world, More than 100 Flight Information Regions (FIR) are controlled thanks to our EUROCAT installed systems, Thales is trusted by 180 nations. 8 4

5 Navigation and Airport Solutions NAS provides all conventional and satellite based navigation and landing systems : Instrument Landing Systems, Microwave Landing Systems, En-route navigation aids for civil usage, Tactical air navigation systems for military usage, Ground based Automatic Dependent Surveillance, Broadcast equipment (ADS-B Systems), Remote Monitoring & Maintenance, Systems to support satellite navigation. NAS is also involved in solutions to improve safety and efficiency of airport surface traffic. With navigation aids and landing systems in 180 countries, we are leading the Navaids market. 9 Thales Deutschland: Qualifizierte Arbeitsplätze 12 Standorte mit Beschäftigten Wilhelmshaven: 127 Kiel: 119 Zentrale Berlin: 198 Entwicklung / Produktion Koblenz: 157 Services Stuttgart: 999 Arnstadt: 383 Joint Ventures Pforzheim: 395 Ulm: Standorte mit mehr als 100 Beschäftigten. Stand: 1/2009 5

6 Thales ATM History Strategic concentration of navaids activities of Thomson-CSF, Alcatel and Wilcox under Airsys ATM 1997 Thomson-CSF takes a new name: 2001 Thales Airsys ATM becomes Thales ATM 2000Acquisition of Racal Avionics Ltd WILCOX Electric acquired by Thomson-CSF 1988 Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG/ SEL AG (Merger of C. Lorenz AG and Standard Elektrik AG) SEL AG taken over by Alcatel: SEL AG and Industrie FACE Standard become ALCATEL entities 1932 C. Lorenz taken over by ITT Concentration of navaids activities of Alcatel SEL and Alcatel Italia: Alcatel Air Navigation Systems Foundation of the world s major Navaids companies 11 Die Mission von Thales ATM Deutschland DVOR/TACAN NDB Solar-powered VOR DF TRC ILS-GP ILS-GP ILS-LOC GBAS Mark er DME MLS DVOR 12 Fully dedicated to Navaids... MAGS Herausforderung: Bewältigung des Übergangs von konventionellen zu Satelliten basierten Navigationssystemen 6

7 Landing Systems 13 Instrument Landing Systems ILS 420 Cat. I/II/III Instrument Landing System Precision guidance information to landing aircraft ILS ensures smooth and safe landing from initial approach through to touchdown and roll-out ILS allows for more fuel-efficient landings Proven Cat. III landing experience Thales has supplied more than 70 % of Instrument Landing Systems worldwide certified for Cat. II and III operations 14 7

8 Microwave Landing Systems A Milestone for Navaids The MLS 480 Microwave Landing System is a precision landing aid for civil and military applications. MLS can supplement or be an alternative to ILS. MLS 480 Elevation (EL) Station near Glide Path MLS 480 Azimuth (AZ) Station integrated into localizer 15 Microwave Landing Systems London Heathrow Airport: Capacity improvement programme with 4 MLS operational since 2007 CAT IIIB Certification achieved in March

9 Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range Provides enroute aircraft with azimuth direction to fixed ground reference point VOR En-Route Navigation Systems CVOR 431 / DVOR 432 The standard short-range navigation aid installed at airports and en-route locations providing the pilot with azimuth information. 18 9

10 DME Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) for En-Route navigation Expertise from four generations with more than 3000 systems sold En-Route Navigation Systems Simultaneous handling of over 200 aircraft interrogators Either as stand-alone or easy collocation with VOR Extremely accurate but simple to maintain Highly automated Reduced sensitivity to multipath effects Low total cost of ownership 19 Military En-Route Navigation Systems TACAN Ground Beacon AN 453 TACAN is a proven medium-range navigation aid primarily used by military aircraft for en-route and approach navigation. The system provides the pilot with bearing as well as distance information. VORTAC TGO (TANGO, Germany) in d. Nähe von Aichtal, Germany. VORTACs sind eine Kombination aus VOR-DME und TACAN

11 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION FORECAST ASSUMING FLIGHTS ON DIRECT ROUTES flights estimated - Based on STATFOR 97 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION FORECAST ASSUMING FLIGHTS ON DIRECT ROUTES flights estimated - Based on STATFOR 97 En-Route Navigation Systems NDB Non Directional Beacon The NDB provides bearing information for en-route and airport operations. NDB can also serve as a backup to VOR or satellite navigation systems. Low cost navigation alternative Extensive monitoring and control from either local or remote Self-diagnostic routines 21 Herausforderungen in der Luftfahrt Wachstum des Luftverkehrs Gestiegene Anforderungen an Safety und Security Wirtschaftlicher Druck Umweltverträglichkeit Notwendige Veränderungen des Systems Luftverkehr 2015 Rolle und Verantwortlichkeiten der verschiedenen Beteiligten Operationelles Konzept Standards und Regularien CNS/ATM Infrastruktur (Communication-Navigation-Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management) Die Entwicklung des Luftverkehrs EUROCONTROL DIVISION DED DATE:04/11/ Mio Flüge FORECAST Mean IFR Flights per day in 6 by 10 rectangles Flights 150 OR MORE Flights 100 TO 150 Flights 50 TO EUROCONTROL DIVISION DED DATE:04/11/ FORECAST Mean IFR Flights per day in 6 by 10 rectangles Flights 150 OR MORE Flights 100 TO 150 Flights 50 TO ,1 Mio Flüge Flüge p.h. 150 und mehr Flüge p.h. 100 bis 150 Flüge p.h. 50 bis 100 Source: Eurocontrol CHART: DY_97_00 CHART: DY_97_

12 SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) SESAR Ziele Mit SESAR wird bis 2020 die europäische ATM Infrastruktur neu ausgerichtet und ein bedarfsgerechtes ATM-Netzwerk implementiert Ganzheitlicher Common Approach, user performance requirements driven Entwicklung und Implementierung von 2008 bis 2020 Definitionsphase mit Beteiligung aller Stakeholder liefert Grundlagen SESAR Main Programme Activities: Operational activities System development activities System Wide Information Management Transverse activities 23 ATM Stakeholders Users Airlines (passengers & cargo) Military aviation Business aviation General aviation Service providers ANSPs / ATC service providers C, N & S Infrastructure operators Airports Standardisation bodies Legal bodies Intergovernmental organisations National legislation National authorities 24 12

13 Air and Ground Integration Verbesserungselemente -GNSS -ADS-B 25 Integrated CNS/ATM Approach ICAO ATMCP: Global ATM Operational Concept Eurocontrol: ATM European Commission: Single European Sky FPs 5, 6; TEN-Ts FAA: National Airspace Operational Evolution Plan CANSO; IATA; AECMA Air Traffic Alliance SESAR ESA / ARTES-10 (IRIS) Navigation Conventional: VOR/DME; NDB; ILS; MLS Satellite Navigation GPS, Galileo and Augmentations Communication VHF/HF radio; ACARS VHF data link (VDL) Mode-S, ATN, AMSS, CPDLC Ground-Ground communication Surveillance PSR/SSR ADS-B ACAS FANS 1/A ADS-C 26 13

14 7 Februar y, 2008 CourtesyAirservicesAustralia ECAC Roadmap of NAVAID Infrastructure Quelle: Eurocontrol 27 Rolle der Satellitennavigation in CNS/ATM Satellitennavigation Heutige Nutzung: GPS für En-route bis Non-Precision Approach Navigation Starting-up: Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS: US WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) für Anflüge mit Vertikalführung und Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) für Präzisionslandungen Nahe Zukunft: Galileo wird die Systemleistung der Satellitennavigation weiter verbessern GPS / Galileo / SBAS GBAS Galileo Local Element Surveillance mit Hilfe von GNSS Zunehmende Nutzung von Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-B Prinzip basiert auf GPS Positionsund Zeitinformation FL300 ADS-B & Radar 28 14

15 Satellitenpositionierung Vorteile der Satellitenpositionierung Universelle Systemreferenz (unabhängig von Transportarten, Transportanwendungen und administrativen Rahmenbedingungen) Hohe Genauigkeit (bis zum Meterbereich oder besser, falls nötig) Globale Abdeckung Hochgenaue Zeitreferenz Existierende und zukünftige Navigationssatellitensysteme US NAVSTAR GPS (Global Positioning System): das einzige voll-operationelle System mit derzeit 31 Satelliten Russian GLONASS : derzeit 20 Satelliten Galileo: im Aufbau Chinese projects : Beidou/Compass im Aufbau 29 Safety Critical Positioning Services (GPS and GALILEO Integrated in a CNS/ATM Concept) Low altitude continuous coverage (VOR/DME limited to line of sight) All Weather Landing Capability Landing Guidance at Regional Airports without ILS or MLS Homogenous and Continuous Global Service Airport Surface Movement Guidance and Control Added Value of Satellite Navigation Gate - to- Gate Satellite Navigation Solution Interoperable, Global Coverage, High Precision Single Navigation System for All Phases of Flight Efficiency Time and Fuel Savings Noise Abatement, Parallel and Curved Approaches will be possible 30 15

16 Luftfahrttechnische Empfänger TOPSTAR 200 MD 82 MMR (TOPSTAR 2020) TSO C129a, C1 ARINC 743-A A 319/320/321 A330/340 Boeing 737, 777, SBAS/EGNOS Ziele: Flächennavigation und vertikale Anflugführung Signalintegrität Verbesserung der Genauigkeit (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) GLONASS 24 Satellites GPS 24 Satellites GEO Space Segment Status : Operationell für nichtsicherheitskritische Anwendungen Betrieb für sicherheitskritische Anwendungen voraussichtlich ab 2010 Ranging& Integrity Monitoring Station Network Master Control Center Regional Augmentation System of GPS/GLONASS Constellations EGNOS is the 1st Step for Galileo Navigation Land Earth Station 32 16

17 Galileo FOC Gesamtsystemüberblick Enabled by Galileo Intelligent Transport Systems Driven User Services Open Service Galileo adds Additional Signals Safety of Life Service Galileo offers Integrity Commercial Service Authentication & Guarantees Public Regulated Service Signal Robustness Search and Rescue Rapid Response & Notification 34 Source: GSA 17

18 Robuste Satellitennavigation mit GPS/EGNOS und Galileo For Comparison: Situation of today GPS L1 L1 - Loss Source: ICAO GNSS-Panel No. 4, April 2003, WP17 35 GBAS Präzisionslandesysteme Höchste Anforderungen für Präzisionslandesysteme bei Genauigkeit Kontinuität Integrität Verfügbarkeit GBAS bietet Höhere Genauigkeit als ILS (Instrumentenlandesysteme) Erfüllt erforderliche Sicherheitsstandards Mehr Kapazität Umweltverträglichkeit LocalAugmentation GBAS Präzisionslandesysteme Systems -Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS) GNSS ḠNSS Monitor Station (GMS) DGRS GMS Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS) GNSS Monitor Station (GMS) GNSS GMS Pseudolite Airport Network TowerControl Satelliten basierte Präzisionslandesysteme werden zunehmend Instrumentenlandesysteme ergänzen und später ersetzen. 36 ICAO Term: Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) 18

19 Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) 37 Basic ADS-B Terms and Applications ADS-B Avionics ADS-B OUT: Avionics broadcasts ADS-B Messages, e.g. Identity, Position, Intent, etc. Precondition for any ADS-B application, e.g. radar-like surveillance Air Surveillance Applications (ASA) ADS-B IN: ADS-B Avionics Avionics receives other aircrafts ADS-B OUT messages Required for air-to-air applications, e.g. improved situation awareness, airborne separation assurance, etc. Ground Surveillance Applications (GSA) ADS-B Ground Stations 38 19

20 Air Traffic Surveillance Using ADS-B Air to Air Applications Data Source Data Source Transponder Air to Ground Applications Transponder Position, Velocity Vector, Identity, etc. Update Rate: 2 Hz Position+ Velocity, 0.2 Hz Identity Mosquito Data Source ADS-B Network Asterix Cat 021 Output Asterix Cat 021 Output ATM System 1 Autonomous Ground Station ATM System 2 Automatic, periodic broadcast of existing onboard data, e.g. position, velocity, Identifier, altitude and destination. Reception of broadcast ADS-B data from other aircraft to provide situational awareness to the pilot Reception of broadcast ADS-B data from ADS-B Ground Stations to provide situational awareness about the complete air traffic within the covered region to Air Traffic Control. ADS-B complements Radar Surveillance ICAO Term: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) 39 Three Candidate ADS-B Data Link Technologies Link Decision by ICAO: The ADS-B data link on global scale is 1090 ES. UAT and VDL-4 will be used on regional basis MHz Mode S Extended Squitter (1090 ES) VHF Data Link Mode 4 (VDL-4) Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Single Channel Multi-Channel Single Channel 1090 MHz MHz 978 MHz (Cont. US) Random Access Timeslot Access Timeslot Access Fixed ADS-B reporting Rate Variable ADS-B reporting Rate Fixed ADS-B reporting Rate Extension to existing SSR Mode S New System New System ICAO Standards exist No ICAO Standards Test Equipment Test Equipment ICAO Standards exist (Annex 10) Mandatory Equipment Required Avionics: Mode S Transponder, Position Source (e.g. GPS) 40 20

21 Air Services Australia - Upper Airspace Program Current ATC Radar Surveillance Coverage FL300 Radar Procedural ATC in non-radar Airspace Many VHF outlets available - buildings, power, maintenance, links to ATC Courtesy Airservices Australia 41 Air Services Australia - Upper Airspace Program ADS-B + Radar Coverage FL300 ADS-B & Radar Courtesy Airservices Australia 42 21

22 US Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) Programm Nationsweite Bedeckung des US Luftraums mit ADS-B Bodenstationen (Radios) als ersatz für eine Ebene von Sekundären Bodenradaren Kompletter Luftraum inklusive Flugplätze und TMAs Alle Bodenstationen mit dualen Radios ausgestattet: 1090 ES (Mode S, 1090 MHz) für die kommerzielle Luftfahrt Universal Access Transceiver (UAT, 978 MHz) für die Allgemeine Luftfahrt Kritische und essentielle Dienste Kritisch: Automatic Dependent Surveilance Broadcast (ADS-B) Kritisch: ADS-B Rebroadcast (ADS-R) TX von UAT ADS-B via 1090 ES und vice versa Essentiell: Traffic Information Service Broadcast (TIS-B) Uplink von anderen, validierten surveillance Daten (Radar) als ADS-B lookalike Essentiell Flight Information Broadcast (FIS-B) (nur UAT) Uplink von Wetter, Anflug, aktiver Landebahn, etc. Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) ist Bestandteil des US Next Generation Air Traffic Control System (NGATS) 43 Planned ADS-B Coverage of US Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) Programme Source: FAA website 44 22

23 Satellite Navigation Schlußbemerkungen Beachtliches Potential zur Bereitstellung der notwendigen Navigationsleistung in einem integrierten CNS/ATM Konzept Galileo wird wesentlicher Bestandteil in integriertem CNS/ATM Konzept Die Vorteile der Interoperabilität von GPS & Galileo sind bessere Navigations- Sicherheit, -Leistung und Service Levels ADS-B Surveillance Implementierung ADS-B erfolgreich in Australien implementiert ADS-B ist Bestandteil des US Next Generation Air Traffic Management Systems; Der Aufbau ist im Gang ADS-B startet weltweit Effizienzsteigerung im Flugverkehr mit Satellitennavigation und ADS-B Surveillance Zeit und Treibstoffeinsparung durch Direct Routings Reduktion der Emissionen Effizientere Nutzung des Luftraums Der Übergang von konventionellen zu Satelliten basierten Navigations-, Lande- und Surveillance Systemen hat begonnen. 45 Thank you for your attention 23