Optimization of EBM build processes by localized preheat strategies

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Optimization of EBM build processes by localized preheat strategies Fluid Technology and Microfluidics Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Drescher Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hermann Seitz 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK

Table of Content Motivation Powder removal Sintering process Parameter variation Porosity mearsurements Mechanical properties Build time Summary Source: Arcam 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 2

Motivation Post-processing of parts produced by EBM involves the removal of sintered powder. Problem: Sintering of powder is time consuming Removal of powder is time consuming Removal of powder is sometimes impossible Solution: Modification of post-processing techniques Modification of the sintering process 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 3

Powder removal Source: Arcam 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 4

Powder removal Source: Drescher, P.; Reimann, T.; Seitz, H.: Investigation of powder removal of net-structured titanium parts made from electron beam melting. Int. J. Rapid Manufacturing, Vol. 4, Nos. 2/3/4, 2014 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 5

Sintering process Source: Arcam 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 6

Sintering process Source: Arcam 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 7

Sintering process What is the purpose of the sintering/preheating process? Soft sintering of the whole powder area (Preheating I). Allows the beam to jump over unmelted powder during the melting steps, without risk of smoke. Helps to maintain the build at elevated temperature. Local powder sintering over the areas to be melted only (Preheating II). Gives smoother melting with reduced risk of fireworks, flaking and smoke. 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 8

Sintering process Original process: Black area: Build platform Yellow area: Preheating I Red area: Preheating II Blue area: Melt area 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 9

Sintering process Modified process: Black area: Build platform Yellow area: Preheating I Red area: Preheating II Blue area: Melt area 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 10

Sintering process 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 11

Sintering process 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 12

Parameter variation Variation of scan speed: 14600 mm/s (original) 13600 mm/s 12600 mm/s 11600 mm/s 10600 mm/s 9600 mm/s 8600 mm/s (unstable) 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 13

Density in g/cm³ Porosity in % Porosity measurements 5 48 Sinter cake at 14.6 m/s 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 46 44 42 2 14,6 13,6 12,6 11,6 10,6 9,6 8,6 Speed in m/s 40 Density Apparent density Porosity Sinter cake at 9.6 m/s Melted area Linear (Density) Linear (Apparent density) Linear (Porosity) 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 14

Compressive strength in MPa Mechanical properties 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 14.6 13.6 12.6 11.6 10.6 9.6 8.6 Beam speed in m/s 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 15

Compressive strength in MPa Mechanical properties 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 14.6 13.6 12.6 11.6 10.6 9.6 8.6 Beam speed in m/s 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 16

Mechanical properties 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 17

Mechanical properties Properties Tensile Strength (MPa) E-Modulus (GPa) Elongation (%) Reference 1001.1 ± 16.0 106.3 ± 4.0 1.7 ± 0.2 Modified 1026.6 ± 9.1 107.4 ± 9.0 4.1 ± 0.1 Courtesy of Chair of Materials Science, University of Rostock 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 18

Build time Build job Duration original (min) Duration modified (min) Time savings (%) Small build 195 173 11 Small build 234 170 27 Small build 344 217 37 Small build 352 257 27 Medium build 437 377 14 Medium build 456 309 32 Large build 620 530 15 Large build 643 455 29 Large build 657 559 15 Large build 1780 1300 27 Average time savings: 23 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 19

Conclusion Powder removal is an issue after the EBM process Modification of sintering parameters as a solution Loose sinter cake for easier removal of residual powder Mechanical properties comparable to original values Improved productivity (~ 20%) Manufacturing of highly porous sinter components 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 20

Thank you for your attention! Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Drescher philipp.drescher@uni-rostock.de Universität Rostock Lehrstuhl für Fluidtechnik & Mikrofluidtechnik Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6 18059 Rostock 09.05.2016 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT FÜR MASCHINENBAU UND SCHIFFSTECHNIK 21