1.4 Das past perfect 1 1.4 Das past perfect Das past perfect simple Das past perfect simple wird zur beschreibung von ereignissen benutzt, die vor einem Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden haben. es steht in den meisten Fällen in enger Verbindung zu Handlungen im past tense. Das past perfect simple setzt sich zusammen aus had und dem past participle des Vollverbs. sätze im past perfect simple werden häufig durch after oder when eingeleitet. Auch before im nebensatz weist auf das past perfect simple im Hauptsatz hin. Das past perfect progressive Wie das past perfect simple drückt auch das past perfect progressive aus, dass eine Handlung vor einem Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit begonnen hatte. es betont jedoch den Ablauf einer Handlung und wird häufig mit Zeitangaben wie since oder for verbunden. benutzt wird es auch, um den Fortgang einer Handlung in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben, während ein anderes ereignis begann. es wird gebildet mit der Form had been und der -ing-form des Vollverbs. The first settlers founded new colonies in the New World. They had emigrated to the USA from Europe before. The colonists were angry because they had to pay taxes, although they hadn t elected the government in London. I had helped my father. After I had visited my pen pal in Boston, I flew back to Germany. Congress passed a Civil Rights Bill when Martin Luther King had led about 500,000 people in a march on Washington. Before G. Washington became the first President of the USA, he had commanded the colonists in the War of Independence. Some protestors had been standing outside the White House since 8 o clock. The slaves had been working since daybreak. The colonists were angry because they had been complaining for years. I had been sitting on the bus for a short while when the bus suddenly stopped. I had been sleeping. WISSEN Aufgepasst: Since und for können sowohl die Zeitformen des present perfect als auch das past perfect progressive anzeigen. Achte also genau auf den zeitlichen Rahmen der Handlungen: Das present perfect hat einen Gegenwartsbezug. A few minutes ago they announced the flight to New York. It was about time, because Mr Spencer had been waiting at the airport for several hours. Aber: It is 5:30 now. Mr Spencer has been in New York for almost two hours. 13
Die Zeiten übung 12 Schau dir die folgenden Satzteile an und beschreibe sie mithilfe von simple past und past perfect simple. 4 o clock: Ben / to eat chocolate 5 o clock: to be sick After Ben Monday: the boys / to study / for exams Friday: to pass / exams After the boys 8:00: Mrs Ferguson / to leave the house / without umbrella 8:20: to become wet Before Mrs Ferguson 5 o clock: Mr and Mrs Dixon / to buy some food two hours later: to prepare dinner ÜBEN After Mr and Mrs Dixon übung 13 Kombiniere in dieser Übung jeweils die beiden Sätze zu einem Satz. Leite die Sätze jeweils mit after, when oder before ein und achte auf die richtige Zeitenfolge. I started to write down the answers. I read the questions carefully. Leo read the book. He then passed it on to a friend. The bell rang, and the students left the classroom. Mr Jackson decided to get a coffee at the platform. Then the train left the station. Sarah s mum wasn t able to finish her work earlier. So she came home quite late. 14
1.4 Das past perfect 1 WISSEN + Das Komma bei Konjunktionen beginnt der englische satz mit einem nebensatz, wird er durch ein Komma vom Hauptsatz getrennt. Aufgepasst: Kein Komma wird gesetzt, wenn der Hauptsatz am Anfang des satzgefüges steht. After it was dark, they lit a candle. When I last heard from the Smiths, they were living in New York. They lit a candle after it was dark. The Smiths were living in New York when I last heard from them. übung 14 Sam erzählt seinem Freund am Telefon, wie das Rockkonzert am Abend zuvor war. Wähle die richtige Form: past perfect simple oder progressive? Well, I went with Emma. You know Emma, don t you? She is gorgeous! Anyway, when we were getting on the bus to go to the concert, I realized that I (to forget) my money. So we both got off again. I didn t want to miss the concert because I (to look forward) to it for weeks. So we ran, but when we got to my house, I realized that I (not to take) a key with me either, so I couldn t get in. Unfortunately, no one was at home because everybody ÜBEN (to go) out. So we decided to go to Emma s instead. Before her granny opened the door, we (to ring) the doorbell for about 15 minutes. Just imagine her granny is almost deaf! Luckily she gave us a few quid, and we rushed back to the bus stop, but before we got there the bus (already / to leave). Well, to cut it short when we finally made it to the concert, we couldn t get in because the concert (already / to begin) but Emma was worth all the trouble and money I (to spend) on the ticket 15
Die Zeiten 1.5 Das future Das going to-future es beschreibt eine zukünftige Handlung, die geplant oder beabsichtigt ist. es wird auch verwendet, wenn ereignisse mit sicherheit eintreten, weil bereits Anzeichen vorhanden sind. Gebildet wird es mit der Präsensform von be + going to + infinitiv. Noah is going to move to Chicago for good. Joe is going to see the Chi cago Bulls. Be careful! You are going to slip on this banana skin. I am going to buy a new dress. Das present progressive es drückt bestehende Vereinbarungen, Verabredungen und Pläne für die nahe Zukunft aus ( Kap. 1.1). I m practising the sax tonight. What are you doing tonight? We are going to Jamila s housewarming party. WISSEN Das simple present es wird bei Terminen verwendet, die nicht vom sprecher festgelegt wurden (timetable future), und steht oft bei den Verben to arrive, to leave, to begin, to start, to end. Das will-future Our train leaves at half past eight. When does the train arrive in Newcastle? The concert starts at 7:30. es beschreibt zukünftige ereignisse, die von äußeren Umständen abhängen und nicht beeinflusst werden können und bringt auch spontane, nicht geplante Absichten des sprechers zum Ausdruck. es wird mit will + infinitiv (ohne to) gebildet. signalwörter: to think, to hope, to guess, to expect, to be sure, perhaps, probably usw. Tomorrow the weather will be sunny. Christmas will be on a Sunday next year. The Queen will open the new museum. Wait a minute I ll help you. I will go to the cinema. I hope Sean won t be late this time. She will probably spend a year abroad. Das future perfect es drückt aus, dass eine Handlung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft abgeschlossen sein wird (Zeitangaben: by oder when). es wird mit will + have + past participle gebildet. When you get back from San Francisco, we will have gone on holiday. She will have finished her exams by May next year. I will have visited 16
1.5 Das future 1 übung 15 Going to-future, simple present oder present progressive? Wähle das richtige Verb und setze es in den Text ein. to have to be sick to leave to eat to do to land to be (2x) Look at Luna s face. She any moment. We We flight Listen to that wind. There Imagine! Joy and Ethan a pizza for dinner tonight. at Kennedy Airport at 4:35, and our connecting one hour later. a storm. out for dinner tonight. Ethan has booked a table. The first bus to Brooklyn at 6:15. I really don t know what he about this problem. übung 16 Entscheide dich für die richtige Zeitform: will-future oder future perfect? Streiche die falsche Form durch. ÜBEN When will you have finished / will you finish your project on Native Americans? I think we will have had / will have hot weather in Florida. Mum, by the time you get home, I will do / will have done the washing up. I promise. Don t worry! Dad is a careful driver I m sure he will come / will have come soon. By this time next year, Ali will leave / will have left university. I suppose Jamie will have been / will be late again. WISSEN + Das future progressive es wird gebildet aus will + be + present participle und beschreibt ein ereignis, das in der Zukunft zu erwarten ist, das zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft passieren wird. Häufig wird es mit Ausdrücken wie (this time) next week / month / Monday usw. verwendet. I will be waiting for you. You needn t phone Charlie. Julia will be meeting him at my party anyway. This time next month my friends will be lying on the beach. Wake up, Erol! You won t be dancing with gorgeous Veronica next Saturday. 17