INVERSION OF SURFACE PARAMETERS USING POLARIMETRIC SAR

Transkript

1 INVERSION OF SURFACE PARAMETERS USING POLARIMETRIC SAR Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.v. Institut fur Hochfrequenztechnik und Radarsysteme Abteilung SAR Technologie Oberpfaffenhofen, D Wessling Institutsdirektor: Dr.-Ing. Alberto Moreira Abteilungsleiter: Dr.-Ing. Alberto Moreira Verfasser: Dipl. Geogr. Irena Hajnsek Diese Arbeit erscheint gleichzeitig als vom Rat der Chemisch-Geowissenschatlichen Fakultat der Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte Dissertation.

2 Content Abstract, Kurzfassung Preface r Zusammenfassung Content List of Figures, List of Tables, List of Symbols, List of Abbreviation 1 Introduction 1.1 State-of-the-Art Scope and Organisation of the Thesis References to Chapter Soil Surface Parameters 2.1 Soil Water Content Soil Water Retention Properties of Water Dielectric Constant Soil Water Measurement Gravimetrical Method Time Domain Reflectometry Geometrical Properties Surface Roughness Estimation Statistical Description of Surface Roughness Methods for the Surface Roughness Estimation Nature of Surface Scattering Synopsis References to Chapter 2 33 i 3 Estimation of Ground Measured Soil Surface Parameters 3.1 Flood Plain of the River Elbe Geography of the Test Site Ground Measurements Soil Moisture Content 43

3 Surface Roughness Hilly Area of the Watershed Weiherbach Geography of the Test Site Ground Measurements Soil Moisture Content Surface Roughness ' Digital Elevation Model References to Chapter Remote Sensing Using Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Data 4.1 SAR Principles SAR System Parameters Radar Backscattering Coefficient Speckle Experimental Data References to Chapter Poiarimetric Concepts for Microwave Remote Sensing 5.1 Polarisation Description of Plane EM Waves Change of Polarisation Basis Partially Polarised Waves The Poiarimetric Scattering Problem Scattering Vector Distributed Scatterers Basis Transformation of the Scattering Matrices Scattering Matrix Transformation Scattering Vector and Coherency Matrix Transformation Line of Sight Rotation ' Scattering Matrix Rotation Scattering Vector and Coherency Matrix Rotation Symmetry Properties of Distributed Scatterers Reflection Symmetry Rotation Symmetry Azimuthal Symmetry Poiarimetric Entropy / Anisotropy / Alpha Angle The Diagonalisation of the Coherency Matrix 91 XX

4 Interpretation of Scattering Mechanisms Parameter Estimation Experimental Data Analysis Synopsis References to Chapter 5.-..' Inversion of Surface Parameters Using Classical Approaches 6.1 Theoretical Surface Scattering Models Small Perturbation Model Model Description Model Inversion Experimental Data Analysis Semi-Empirical and Empirical Approaches Semi-Empirical Model Using Oh et al. (1992) Model Description Model Inversion Experimental Data Analysis Empirical Model Using Dubois et al. (1995) Model Description Model Inversion Experimental Data Analysis Synopsis References to Chapter Inversion of Surface Parameters Using Poiarimetric Pre-Processing Techniques 7.1 Scattering Decomposition Eigenvector Description Application on Experimental Data Inversion Results Single Component Approach Dual Component Approach Model Based Decomposition Application on Experimental Data.\ Inversion Results 148 XXI

5 7.4 Terrain Slope Correction Using Schuler-Lee-Pottier Approach Local Incidence Angle Local Orientation Angle Local Orientation Angle Correction Model Inversion Using Oh- and Dubois-Model Synopsis References to Chapter Inversion of Surface Parameters Using Extended Bragg Scattering Model 8.1 Model Based Eigenvector Decomposition Model Description Model Inversion Experimental Data Analysis Synopsis References to Chapter Conclusion and Outlook 9.1 References to Chapter Index 189 Curriculum Vitae..i XXII