Training on Nursery and Forest Management May 2014 GIZ 1510

Transkript

1 Training on Nursery and Forest Management May 2014 GIZ 1510

2 Table of contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The Team 1.3 The Trainees 2. The Training 2.1 The organization of the training 2.2 The Content of Training 2.3 The Monitoring of teachers: Observations and recommendations 2.4 The students: Observations and recommendations 2.5 The compilation anddistribution of learning materials 2.6 Recommended Follow - Ups and Consolidations (theory andpractice) 3. The VTPC school nursery at Murun: Observations and recommendations 4. General Recommendations on Establishing Tree Nurseries in Mongolia 5. General Recommendations on Forest Regeneration Systems in Mongolia 6. Personal remarks 7. Appendix 7.1 Terms of reference (TOR) 7.2 Training proofs (training schedule, monitoring sheets and others7) 7.3 Presentations and other teaching documents (German and Mongolian version) Remark: Because of the extent the presentations and learning materials were not printed out. Therefore, they are available only in electronic form. 7.4 List of references 7.5 List of helpful links

3 1. Introduction The trainers, Mr. Goebel and Mr. Koch, experts from Hessen Forst Consulting, assisted Mongolian teachers in the training of 38 students on Forest Management with a special focus on nursery management in the time from Tuesday until Thursday at the VTPC in Murun/ Khuvsgul aimag. The previous time frame was changed due to the delay and cancellation of the flights to and from Murun. From Thursday there was a 3- days Workshop with 10 schools involved at the VTPC at Murun so that students were not available for regular training. During the weekend (17 th - 18 th of May) the experts were participating in the Open Day activities at VTPC in Murun. Mr. Koch gave a presentation on planting techniques. During the second training week the experts gave several interviews to Mongolian TV concerning the content of training and the organization of vocational schools in Germany. 1.1 Background The program Biodiversity and Adaption of Key Forest Ecosystems to Climate Change is implemented by the GIZ in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment and Green Development (MEGD) of Mongolia. In the field of vocational training and the certification of forest companies the program is collaborating with Hessen Forst Consulting. The improvement in both fields should lead to more sustainable, more professional and better adapted forests to climate change. The vocational schools will be in a position to carry out a demand-driven vocational training in forestry through improved curricula and practical teaching methods. Vocational schools and private forest enterprises therefore are important partners. 1.2 The Team 1 st.row (left to right): Mr. Regzen, Mr. Chinchuluun, Mr. Märtz; 2 nd row (l.t.r.): Mr. Koch, Mr. Baasanjav, Mr.Göbel, Ms. Shinetsetseg, Mrs. Bulgantsetseg, Mrs.Bückert (Translator), Ms.Irmuunzaya(Translator), Ms. Bolormaa; missing:mrs.chuluuntsetseg / Senior Professional for VET/ GIZ (attending 1 st weeks training), Mr. Undrakhbayar (not attending the 2 nd weeks training) 2

4 - Four Trainers of VTPC Murun and other VTPCs were assisted in teaching by the two coaches of Hessen Forst. - Two trainers from VTPC in Sukhbaatar (Selenge aimag) and MUST (Ulaanbaatar) were mostly participating as observers and partly involved in teaching. - Mr. Märtz, a German Development Assistant who will teach at VTPC Murun for the next two years, was participating as an observer, Mrs.Chuluuntsetseg / Senior Professional for VET / GIZ was monitoring the training on the educational side while attending 1 st weeks training. 1.3 The Trainees 38 students were selected to attend the training. 18 were full time students of the VTPC Murun and 20 from the adult training 5-month course for tree planting. The age range was between years, 43 % of the students were females. 2 The Training 2.1 The organization of the training The training was supposed to be conducted in parallel sessions for two weeks as mentioned in the schedule table of the Terms of Reference (ToR). However, it soon became obvious that preparation for practical training was insufficient: no sites for seedbeds, no sites for tree planting, and no prepared seed, and worse of all, not enough plants for exercising different planting techniques. For other Nursery work, for example transplanting, the season was already over. Hence, the team had to apply an adapted schedule with flexible day to day options. Whenever possible, theory was combined with practical work: what was taught in the morning was exercised in the afternoon. The headmaster of VTPC Murun was very helpful and against the background of the preparations for the Open Door activities, sites for tree planting at the compound could be identified. Some older teachers were taking a doubtful attitude what was causing problems especially in the planning of practical work. So a high flexibility on the time table was required. 2.2 The Content of Training (See also appendix No 7.3) 3

5 The training started on Tuesday 13th May with introduction of the team to the students. Mr. Koch was presenting Hessen-Forst as an example of forestry organization in Germany while Mr. Goebel was giving the example of the Tree Nursery at Hanau-Wolfgang. The next day, a seed bed was established in the nursery. Preparing a seed bed: group 2 / Wednesday morning On Thursday 15th May all students got presentations concerning the planning of tree plantations/afforestation and planting techniques. All students got a handout concerning proper planting. After theoretical lessons, the students started planting Populus seedlings (as ornamentals and windbreaks) at the borders of the school compound. Special focus was laid on transport and storage of plants, measuring the planting site and summing up the plants needed according to the spacing. Planting with stake pegs was practiced and the students learned about proper root-pruning. Demonstration: Temporary seedling storage at the planting site (left), root pruning (right) On Friday 16th May the tree planting exercises, again with a focus on transportation, storage, proper measuring, spacing and root pruning were continued. A delegation of MoL visiting the VTPC Murun did a practical examination in tree planting with the 38 students. All students passed the examination. 4

6 At the Open Day activities at VTPC Murun (17 th /18 th ) Mr. Koch gave a presentation on planting techniques with emphasis on root development of the seedlings and the students were explaining and presenting professional planting to the audience. Open Day activity: professional planting of Larix On 19 th, the students learned about forestry regeneration with a special focus on natural regeneration and seeding. In practice the students prepared and planted Salix cuttings at the school compound. Training : Preparation and planting of Salix The next day, and introduction into container planting techniques was given and the students learned about labor safety and working tools. In the school nursery, seeding of Larix sibirica into the seed bed was trained. The students were practicing different planting techniques and learned advantages and disadvantages of different planting tools (Klemmspaten, Wiedehopfhaue, Rhodener Haue, Hartmann Haue). Due to the lack of seedlings, the students had to take sticks to practice the different planting techniques. On 21 st, the topic for the morning session was soil and soil preparation techniques. In the afternoon the students did group work on the following topics (see appendix No.7.2) 5 1. Labor safety 2. Planting techniques 3. Propagation: seed (bed) and vegetative 4. Container Propagation

7 5. Pre planting preparation 6. Egology of the following mong. Tree species: Larix, Betula, Pinus 7. Seed: Harvest, storage, provenance Group work In general, the students developed and presented comprehensive information. Under No. 2 the students were more focused on the transport and storage of plants but did not explain the planting techniques properly. The result of Group 6 was under average- the students did not show deeper knowledge esp. on the site requirements of the mentioned tree species. The topic No. 4 was not processed because after a break, the group members did not show up. Group work results At the end of lessons the students have to write a 20 minutes test to check their knowledge in all Domains (see appendix No.7.2). A questionnaire of 14 questions out of the content of the curriculum had to be answered. The result was average but all students passed the test. There were knowledge gaps in the matter of how to treat bare rooted plants concerning transport and professional root pruning. Furthermore, there was not sufficient knowledge about the ecology of the Mongolian tree species esp. about their specific site requirements. Most of the students were not able to solve simple sums for example how to calculate the number of plants to be planted on a specific area. After the test the students completed the rating sheet (teachers and experts audit). 6

8 On Thursday 22nd due to a Students Workshop at VTCP there were no students available for training. Teachers and experts evaluated the audit: There was a general positive vote by the students. The overall average grade for teachers and experts was 1,3 (range from 1,25 to 1,7). The students assessed the training as good and wished for a repetition in the future. The results of the test were given to the students. Due to a lack of time no deeper debriefing could be done the teachers promised an intensive follow- up. All teachers and experts were exchanging ideas and the experts were answering questions that were left open. The experts summarized the training content and were pointing out where to do follow-up and on what special topics to focus on in the future. 2.3 The Monitoring of teachers: Observations and recommendations The experts were monitoring several teaching units of 5 Trainers, VTPC Murun, VTPC in Sukhbaatar (Selenge aimag) and MUST (Ulaanbaatar). After the end of every unit Mrs.Chuluuntsetseg and one of the experts were doing an appraisal interview with the particular teacher. (For the evaluation sheets see appendix No.7.2). Appraisal interview : feedback In general all teachers showed a consolidated knowledge and gave well structured presentations that submitted comprehensive information to the students. Mostly there was a good ratio of pictures, films and verbal presentation. 7

9 The teaching was sometimes too much ex cathedra but in general there was interaction between the teacher and the students. The teachers should try more creating dialogue with the students. The students should concentrate on the lessons with all books being closed. At the end of each lesson, the teacher should give a short summary (or a summary is created in cooperation with the students), the summary should appear on the blackboard and the flip chart for taking notes or the students should get a handout. Group work should be exercised more. The teaching sessions should give more information on practical issues concentrating on basic skills, e.g. for tree nursery managers, skilled workers in forest user groups, skilled crafts men/women in (certified) forest companies. Theory therefore should be linked better to practice. The teachers should give concrete examples so that the students will know how to implement the given information into practice. All teachers must be conversant in practical work and have the skills which they require from the students in practice, e.g. different planting techniques, soil preparation methods, seeding. The teachers that were undergoing the 3 month training in Germany already showed (more) confidence in the field of practical demonstration. 2.4 The Students: observations and recommendations For the training the 38 best students were selected. The gender was nearly balanced and there was no peculiar difference between female and male students concerning motivation and engagement. The students showed much interest but lost concentration quickly. The reasons for this are partly caused by the teaching style but also by the students practice to note down word by word instead of giving full concentration to the lesson. More interaction, summaries of the specific teaching unit, and handouts (see page 15) could help to raise the student s concentration, also a contemporary combination of theory and practice. In the practical exercises the students showed great engagement. The repetition of the different (planting) techniques and the observance of the principles of ergonomics will help to raise perseverance. 2.5 The compilation and distribution of learning materials Learning materials like handouts should be submitted to the trainees on each topic. The trainees should file all learning materials in a folder so that they will have access on the teaching content in their future professional live. The filing should be done systematically according to the curricula. The orderly filing by the students should be regularly controlled by the teachers. The experts observed that some already existing learning materials are unknown or not used: For example the manual Guidelines for Forest User Groups on Planting and the Establishment of Tree Nurseries written by GIZ - expert Mareike Schulze in 2003, translated into the Mongolian language, gives a good knowledge base especially on the establishment of (small scale) tree nurseries. The manual should be updated and new domains (like the propagation of container seedlings) should be added (see appendix No 7.3). 2.6 Recommended follow-up and consolidations (theory and practice) - Soil: the conservation of soil fertility, the preparation of compost. - Seed: the selection of seed tree stands, the importance of provenances, the calculation of seed No to be seeded (according to the specific 1000 grain weight). - Nursery practice: propagation of container plants esp. the production of larger tree seedlings. This subject was just introduced and needs consolidation and practical execution. 8

10 - Trees : photosynthesis, the ecology of the Mongolian tree species esp. site requirements, Botanical names of trees and shrubs. - Planting (of bare rooted plants): planning - rating of the site quality, selection of tree species, spacing, and calculation of no. of trees needed for a specific area. transport - protection of roots; installing of plant storages. planting - root pruning, planting in consideration of the roots, spacing (with the use of stake pegs ). adapted planting techniques - due to the lack of planting space the students only learned about how to plant in lower numbers mostly ornamentals and windbreaks at the school ground (In pit-planting technique). There should be sites allocated nearby the school where the trainees can do project work and plant in higher numbers under forest conditions with the appropriate techniques in spring and autumn. There should be discussions and arrangements with the mayor and municipality of Murun to allocate planting sites. For example the partly eroded slopes at the Riverbank near the Hospital could be a possible planting area. Proposed planting site: riverbank at Murun city 3. The VTPC school nursery at Murun: Observations and recommendations Seeds of Larix siberia were processed well and were of excellent visual quality but the exact origin (provenance) was unknown. Storage of the seeds was inadequate because the seedlot (approx. 42 kg) was kept in a plastic barrel inside a classroom. The moisture content was unknown and could not be determined because of missing equipment. Larix seeds should be kept in airtight containers at low moisture content (in glass bottles or foil bags) at constant temperature (-5 to -10 C). So it can be stored for decades without loosing germination capacity. The precise origin (and number of mother trees) has to be investigated. Both foil tunnels of the nursery are in a good state. The seedbeds within and beyond the Greenhouse were prepared carefully. Here shading should be created urgently to protect the seedlings in the foil house and outside against heat. Shade mats out of Polyethylene are recommended. These mats are weather resistant, water- and acid-firm as well as UVresistant and can be used for many years. They have a mesh width of 5 mm a shading value of 45% and can be supplied in the widths 1.5 m or 3 m on 10 or 50 m of roles. (For example: 1 role of 3-m width and 50-m length would cost 230 (offered by Meyer/Rellingen /Germany). 9

11 Seed: good quality but unknown provenance In the seedbeds good results of Larix, Caragana and Rosa from row sowing could be observed. This proves that the seeds were of good quality for germination and were well prepared. However, the seedlings were standing too dense, which shows that the amount of seeds sown can be reduced by 50%. For Larix 3.5 4g per running meter is sufficient. This would entail that the seedlings would be stronger, higher and would have a better root development. It is urgently necessary to establish transplant beds and to practice transplanting for better development of the seedlings. 7.5 cm distance in the row is considered to be necessary to allow for development of strong and stocky plants after two years. According to experts' opinion three transplant beds with 20-m length and 1-m width should be installed for production of approx. 3,000 to 4,000 plants. A hand driven rotary cutter for the soil cultivation would be very helpful. The production and propagation of cuttings was carried out well. The length of the cuttings and grouping to 50 or 100 pieces was adequate. However, the saplings delivered raise suspicion on improper clearing because many roots and root necks were damaged. In future, a circular spade (Ballenspaten) should be used. Furthermore no central planting storage place is available. The plants were put for days in a wash basins and parts of the roots rose above the water surface. Therefore, a central planting storage place should urgently be arranged. Additional circular spades, hoes (Hacken), rakes (Rechen) and strings (Schnur) should be purchased. Tree Nursery Calendar (see appendix 7.3) Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Cone and Seed Collection and Preparation Sowing 10 Abies Larix Picea Pinus Betula Populus Salix Ulmus

12 Caragana Hippophae Rosa Planting - Transplanting Retrieval of cuttings Sticking of cuttings Fertilization Maintenance of pl.beds Soil cultivation 4. General Recommendations on Establishing Tree Nurseries in Mongolia Decentralized tree nurseries should be established close to the planting sites concentrating on the production of bare rooted seedlings. Additionally, some few nurseries could produce (larger) container seedlings esp. for ornamentals and enrichment plantings. To raise the economic feasibility, a nursery should offer a wider range of products: - Forest tree seedlings: there should be preliminary agreements with customers concerning the number and species and age of seedlings to be produced. - Ornamentals, shrubs: for private use, parks, and public areas. Horticulture: depending on the climate conditions there could be an additional production of vegetables and fruit trees. The production could help to meet the local demand for vegetables and create additional income opportunities for the nurseries operators. A statistics of the World Bank indicates that in Mongolia especially poor families have to spend an extremely high portion of income for food. The cultivated area could be used alternately for the production of tree seedlings and vegetables. This system of crop rotation helps to preserve the soil fertility and can secure an additional income. Also the additional production of fruit trees could strengthen the economic feasibility of forest tree nurseries. This production requires higher expertise and technical standards and should be started in larger nurseries that also produce container seedlings. - Trainees from VTPC s in Mongolia where fruit tree production is possible could get additional training while attending the 3 month course in Germany. - There are already experiences concerning fruit tree production in Mongolia and in comparable areas, for example in Hohhout/ Inner Mongolia/ China. 1 - Concerning the production of vegetables there are several projects in Mongolia: In 1995 a cooperation with Fachhochschule Weihenstephan (University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan) and MUST (Ulaanbaatar) started the Project Fruits and 1 reference: MUST/ Ulaanbaatar, for Hohhout/China: 11

13 Vegetables. There are other projects for example in Bogd Sum/ Southern Bayankhongor Aimag. 2 Multipurpose use of greenhouses: production of vegetables or forest seedlings (Photo: 2008 Sabine Haluszka-Seidel) Multipurpose use of nursery land: intermediate potato cultivation will preserve the soil fertility (Photo: 2008 Sabine Haluszka-Seidel) 5. General Recommendations on forest regeneration systems in Mongolia Natural Regeneration should be always given priority where appropriate and possible because it is likely to be better adapted to site and growing conditions especially under changing climatic conditions. Provided that the genetic source fulfills the requirements the natural regeneration approach has proven to be an efficient instrument for cutting costs in sustainable timber production. However, strong scattering conditions cause light competition and unfavorable moisture conditions in the germination substrate. Coniferous trees have generally a hard cellulose litter and this combined with the very low energy input into the ecosystem and of reduced metabolic activity of microorganisms (the process takes about 350 years and runs it in Mongolia a hundred times slower than in Central European deciduous forest) so the layer of surface humus is emerging up to 50 cm. Hence, targeted ground wounding can considerably improve the natural regeneration. 2 reference: or Erdenbulgan/ Khövsgöl Aimag 12

14 Natural regeneration (Larix sib.) at Lake Hovsgol / Khuvsgul aimag Ground wounding with appropriate technology: Eberswalde Horse Plow (This plow is producing forest strips of 36 cm and maximum 8 cm deep. The working depth is infinitely adjustable specifications: length: 2000 mm, width: 550 mm, weight: 150 kg, working width: 360 mm, dept: 80 mm). Seeding can be an option if there is no (or no satisfactory) natural regeneration. The so far applied technique of sawing with up to grains should be replaced by drill seeding of conifers. Planting is appropriate when there is no (or no satisfactory) natural regeneration, at afforestation areas, for the contribution of mixed tree species and as enrichment planting into gaps of natural regeneration. The last one should be tried with larger container seedlings. Thereby, plant dimensions of cm (for Larix, Pinus) are realistic. The production of even bigger assortments would be extremely difficult due to a higher technical input (for example the necessary conversion to drip irrigation) and the high risk of root deformations (See appendix No 7.3). 6. Personal remarks Thanks to the GIZ-team UB for good preparation and support. Special thanks to the Team Murun, particularly to Mrs. Chuluuntsetseg and translators 13

15 Mrs. Mrs.Bückert and Ms. Irmuunzaya, the teachers and to EH Daniel Märtz. Just after a short time we were a real team that was working industrious but also singing and celebrating when the work was done 14

16 7. Appendices Appendix 7.1. Terms of Reference (TOR) 15

17 16

18 17

19 Appendix Training schedule 18

20 Appendix Monitoring of teachers Monitoring of teachers VTPC Murun Mongolia Date Trainer Teacher Students Content Observations /Teacher(s) Recommendations H.Koch Mrs. Bulgantsetseg Ecology of tree species Well structured, gives content should be more linked in Mongolia 19(Group 1) (60 min.) 19(Group 2) (60 min.) Information about all tree-spec. to the practice. and the main shrubs in Mong. Example: students learn the Pictures and Text in a good value 1000 grain weight of the spec. Teaching too much ex - cathedra no handout tree but don t know about the application in practice (calculation of seed No. to be seeded in the seed bed) involving students (group work,) students should get a handout (summary ) H.Koch Mr. Regzen Ecology of Mongolia Well structured, gives content should be not too 19(Group 1) (60 min.) 19(Group 2) (60 min.) Climate, soil, vegetation comprehensive information excessive and more vegetation zones, climate Pictures and Text in a good change value concentrated on the basics. Physiology of trees Example: students know less interaction between teacher and about photosynthesis students no handout students should get a handout (summary ) Monitoring of teachers VTPC Murun Mongolia Date Trainer Teacher Students Content Observations /Teacher(s) Recommendations H.Koch Mr. Regzen Planning of tree planting gives comprehensive 19

21 20 information esp. about the selection of treeand shrub species planning of recreational areas spacing, Planning of afforestations site adapted selection of tree Pictures and Text in a good value content should be more interaction between teacher and concentrated on the basics. species, spacing, students Example: sums concerning calculation of planting area, 3 8 (60 min.) figuring out the total number of no handout (different) trees neededpp should be given students should get a handout (summary ) Monitoring of teachers VTPC Murun Mongolia Date Trainer Teacher Students Content Observations /Teacher(s) Recommendations H.Koch Mr. Chinchuluun Afforestation, seeding gives comprehensive and Natural regeneration information partly based on teachers experience in Germany Definition of different regeneration systems Presentation with a lot of (enrichment planting missing) practical examples, Conservation of soil fertility and botanical names should be moisture; practical use of 1000 grain weight for seeding, Explanation of nest seeding tech. used, different seeding techniques ( other seeding techniques should be explained missing); The spacing of plants (no explanation about the meaning of space requirements for the future tree stand)

22 19(Group 1) (60 min.) 19(Group 2) (60 min.) Pictures and Text in a good value interaction between teacher and students Students make a summary with own words no handout students should get a handout (summary ) Monitoring of teachers VTPC Murun Mongolia Date Trainer Teacher Students Content Observations /Teacher(s) Recommendations H..Koch Ms. Bolarmaa Work safety and tools Gives gives good Information about work safety: definition work accident reasons for work accidents what to do against w. accidents hazard analysis. ergonomic protective clothing Gives overview on (planting) tools and planting techniques in theory Using films, pictures, clip-art Text and other media in a good value 3 8 (60 min.) interaction between teacher and students practical example should be given: hazard analysis classroom more space for this topic should be given 21

23 no handout students should get a handout (summary ) J. Goebel Ms. Bolarmaa Practical tutorial: Teacher is handling the Good link between 19(Group 1) (30 min.) Introducing different planting different planting techniques tools and techniques with the appropriate pl. tools theory and practice Not enough space and material more plants and planting sites 19(Group 2) (30 min.) for the students to practise available for the practical work Monitoring of teachers VTPC Murun Mongolia Date Trainer Teacher Students Content Observations /Teacher(s) Recommendations H.Koch Mr. Regzen Soil gives comprehensive soil genesis information Remark: soil structure, soil fertility well structured Pictures and Text in a good The presentation soil types in Mongolia value Non-Forrestal Products natural soil damages like flood, content should be more erosion; man made soil by Mr. Undrakhbayar damages lively interaction between concentrated on the basics. had to be cancelled. like input of poison, litter - teacher and students Example: students should learn Mr. Undrakhbayar did pollution, sealing, overgrazing, more how to make compost not show up. clear cuttingp.. soil erosion- a global problem means to fight soil erosion means to preserve soil fertility 38 (60 min.) no handout students should get a handout (summary) H.Koch Ms. Shinetsetseg Soil preparation gives good information content should be more soil preparation methods concerning the different concentrated on the basics. machinery methods of soil preparation with a special focus on students should learn more machinery about appropriate soil 22

24 good interaction between preparation technology teacher and students 38 (30 min.) Too many pictures Pics and text should be in value no handout students should get a handout (summary) Date Participants students Content Results and Observations Recommendations Experts and Group work (45 min.) 1. Work safety comprehensive information, all teachers (12 students in work 2.Planting techniques more on transport, storage, work placement ; 2 3 techniques were missing follow-up; consolidation 3 students did not 3.Propagation - seed (bed) comprehensive information, show up after lunch - break) vegetative comprehensive information, 4. Container Propagation students did not show up 5.Pre planting preparation good information 6.Egology of mong. tree species: no deeper knowledge esp. follow-up; consolidation Larix, Betula, Pinus concering site requirements 7. Seed: Harvest, storage, comprehensive information, provenance comprehensive information, 23

25 Test: 14 questions selected by expertsand teachers, duration 20 minutes, 26 students attending ( 12 students in work placement) Questions Results (in average) Recommendations 1. How many tree species are existing in Hurvsgul adequate - poor follow-up; consolidation 2. Different Conifer spec. - how many needles? satisfiable - well done 3. sum: afforestation 10 hectares, spacing 2x2m,Larix + Betula (every 5th row). poor - deficient follow-up; consolidation How many trees in total, how many Laric, how many Betuala will be planted? 4. The 4 domains of tree nursery management satisfiable - well done 5. different kinds of recreation areas satisfiable - well done 6. Time to plant trees satisfiable - well done 7. awareness planting: conc. Tools (3), roots (3) adequate - poor follow-up; consolidation 8. vegetative Propagation : how to treat, how to plant satisfiable - well done 9. Transplanting satisfiable - well done 10. Reasons for afforestation satisfiable - well done 11. how many brands of container satisfiable - well done 12. production of larger container plants/ duration satisfiable - well done 13. Awareness while transporting plants adequate - poor follow-up; consolidation 14. Note 3 pices of work safety clothes satisfiable - well done General remarks: Results 50 %=12students;60%=6 students ;70%=5 students ;86%=1 student; 90 % =2 students. Students were complaining that the time that was given for the test was too short. The teachers judged that the timeframe was adequate. Students cannot solve simple sums (No.3), there is no deeper knowledge about the ecology of the mong. tree species esp. about the spec. site requirements. (No.1), there is still a knowledge gap how to treat bare rooted plants concerning transport and professional root pruning (No.7 and 13). Teachersand experts audit Positive vote by the students. The overall average grade is 1,3 ( 1,25-1,7 ) Students assessed the training as good and iterateable. 24

26 Appendix 7.3 List of Presentations and other teaching documents (available in electronic form only) Title Typ Language KB Remarks German Englisch Mong. 1.Aspects of tree planting.. PowerPoint X Aspects of tree planting.. PowerPoint X baumschule-de AdobeAcrob X 1676 baumschule-de AdobeAcrob X Anzucht v.containerpflanzen PowerPoint X 284 Anzucht v.containerpflanzen PowerPoint X Merkblatt Pflanzung Word X Merkblatt Pflanzung Word X Präsentation Baumschule Hanau- Wolfgang PowerPoint X Präsentation Workshop PowerPoint X 8746 Präsentation Workshop PowerPoint X 8746 on the workshop- Stick (Ms.Shinetsetseg) 7.Richtig pflanzen PowerPoint X Tree Nursery Calendar Excel X Baumarten der Mongolei Word X 33 25

27 Appendix 7.4 List of references Author Resource 1. Hessen Forst 2014 Koch, Heinrich 2. GTZ /DED 2003 Schulze, Mareike 3. Hessen Forst 2014 Koch, Heinrich,Göbel Joachim Waldwissen net: U. Wasem 4. Hessen Forst 2010 Koch,Heinrich, Göbel Joachim Climate Tolerant Rehabilitation of Berghöfer, Marco degraded landscapes Georgia 5. Hessen Forst 2014 Göbel, Joachim 6. Hessen Forst 2014 Koch, Heinrich FBZ Weilburg 7. Hessen Forst 2012 FBZ Weilburg 8. Hessen Forst 2014 Göbel, Joachim 9. Hessen Forst 2014 Göbel, Joachim 26

28 Appendix 7.5 Link list General: (German + English translations); (German) On different topics: Diverging climate trends in Mongolian taiga forests... Springer Open Choice Structure of the montane taiga forests of West Khentii... Larch Stand Structure Analysis of Boreal Forest in Mongolia Effects of forest fire and logging on forest degradation in... FOREST RESOURCES STUDY IN MONGOLIA... - Archives 3 Developing a REDD+ Roadmap in Mongolia Lisa Ogle.pdf FORESTRY IN OUTER MONGOLIA - JStor Saxaul Forest Area Determination - ISPRS Illegal logging in Mongolia halted by forestry project United... Climatic Drivers of Ecosystem Change in Mongolia (Central... environment.yale.edu/tri/fellow/1606/ Forest carbon research in Inner Mongolia: current... iopscience.iop.org/.../ _17_1_ pdf Baumgrenzenforschung: Langzeitversuch Stillberg - SLF Aufforsten mit Grossballenpflanzen waldwissen.net Waldwirtschaft Waldbau Pflanzenanzucht Wiederbewaldung nach Waldbrand waldwissen.net Schadensmanagement Waldbrand 27

29 Модыг эрхэмлэн дээдэлж, тахин шүтэхүй SaSacred trees place of worship all over Mongolia Буддын шашны төв Бодхгаяа дахь бодь мод / Энэтхэг Ой Маш чухал амьдрах орчин Тоо томшгүй олон зүйл амьтны гэр Эрвээхийн баг: Parnasius nomion Мод хүчирхэг, бас ивээлтэй. Говь 1

30 Шургааг Түлшинд, өөр бусад зориулалтаар маш их хэрэглэж байна.or Holzbedarf der Mongolei beträgt zur Zeit ca m³. Der nötigt : Дүнз Барилгын зориулалтаар их хэрэглэж байна.for Holzbedarf der Mongolei beträgt zur Zeit ca m³. Der nötigt Гуалин Дэд бүтцэд өргөн ашиглаж байна. Зүсмэл банз Гэрийн тавилга сэлт ихээр хийж байна. Мод тарьцгаая+++.. Монголд модны хэрэглээ жилд хавтгай дөрвөлжин метр байдаг, харин ойн сан бүхий газар нутаг нийт нутаг дэвсгэрийн ердөө 8%-ийг эзэлдэг. Мод үржүүлгийн ажил хийж буй нь +.. хөрс бэлтгэх SOI 2

31 Хэт халалт, хожуу болонэрт хүйтрэлээс хамгаалах Байнгын усалгаа Мал амьтнаас хамгаалах+. Хамтарсан төлөвлөгөө боловсруулах Мод тарих ажлыг эхлэхээс өмнө нутгийн иргэдийн хэрэгцээ шаардлагыг судалж, ярилцах нь зүйтэй. Бүхий л талуудыг татан оролцуулж, тэдний сонирхлыг харгалзан үзэх хэрэгтэй. Хамтдаа төлөвлөх зорилгоо тодорхойлох++. Бид модоо тарьж, хамгаалж, үр шимийг нь ч хамтдаа хүртэх болно. Модны зүйлийг сонгох хэмжүүрүүд: 1) Хээрийн нөхцөл=орон нутгийн уур амьсгал, өндөршил, хөрс, усны баланс+ 2) Хүн амын хэрэгцээ= Дараа, дараагийн хэсгүүдэд дэлгэрүүлнэ+. 3) Олон нийтийн нийтлэг ашиг сонирхол = Ойн үйл ажиллагааны төлөвлөгөө Тарилт эхэллээ+.. Тарилтын төлөвлөгөө (Модны зүйлийг сонгох, байршуулах..) Зохион байгуулалт ( тарьц, суулгацыг яг цагт нь авчрах@.. ) 3

32 Тарилт шаардлагатай багаж төхөөрөмжийг бэлтгэснээр эхэлнэ+.. Тарилтын ажлыг амжилттай гүйцэтгэхэд сайн ажилчид маш чухал+++ Тарьц, суулгацыг мэргэжлийн түвшинд бэлтгэх (янзлах)нь тарилт амжилттай явагдах үндэс +++ Амжилттай тарилтын ажилд мэргэжлийн багаж хэрэгсэл, чанартай гүйцэтгэл маш чухал Талбайд хашаа, хаалт хийх +.. Мал амьтнаас хамгаалах Малчдын оролцоог нэмэгдүүлэх: Шинэ тарилтын талбайд мал оруулахгүй байх 4

33 Зорилгодоо хүрэв үү+++.? Өөр хийх зүйлс байна уу? Асуудал гарч ирлээ Зөвшөөрөлгүй бэлчээр, мод огтлох, ой хээрийн түймэр++++ Нэмэлт: Зэрлэг зулгаах Модны эргэн тойрон байгаа өвс, зэрлэгийг зулгаана. Ингэснээр мод хурдан ургах бөгөөд ой хээрийн түймэрт өртөх нь багасах юм. Өвсийг малд идүүлж болно. Нэмэлт: Түймрээс хамгаалах зурвас татах Түймрээс хамгаалах зурваст тарилт бүү хий. Ой хээрийн түймэр Fläche Größe gepflanzte Baumarten Bemerkung Zäunung WKirsch Nr. ha Celtis Esche SeifenB. Robinie Eiche Ölweide e Mandel GranatA Walnuß Wbirne E-Schutz Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Stk. Pflanzverbänd e: 3x3 3x3m 3x3m 3x3m 3x3m 3x3m 5x4m 5x4m 6x6m 6x6m 5x4m 1 5, Reihenmischung, am Fluß an West Unter-Mittelhang seite 1315 Oberhang vorgesehe n Ölweiden um Teich im Zaun 3 7, Talkessel Zaunbau 5000 umgebende Hänge 1340 lfm 4 1, im Zaun Sa.: 16, Stk. Нэмэлт: Тарилт хийсэн газруудын мэдээллийг боловсруулж, газрын зураг хийх Зорилт: Бүх талуудыг мод тарих, арчлах, үр шимийг нь хүртэх ажиллагаанд оролцуулах 5

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56 Шилмүүст модыг бортгонд тарих Бортоготой тарилт нь их ажиллагаа шаарддаг. Бортоготой тарилтыг зөвхөн тухайн тарьцыг ургуулах явцад асуудал гарсан ба түүнийг тээвэрлэх зам хол тохиолдолд бортоготой тарилтыг хийдэг. Судалгаануудаас саванд ургуулсан тарьц их амжилттай ургадаг болохыг харуулсан. Элбэг хэрэглэдэг савнууд нь жифипот, фэртил болон сэлнэр нэрийн уян бортогонууд юм. Бортоготой тарилт нь модны бүх зүйлд тохиромжтой. Жишээ нь: ABIES, PINUS sylvestris., болон PINUS sibirica(энд уян бортогонд тарилт хийснийг харуулсан байна). Шилжүүлэн суулгах: тарьцаар уу эсвэл үрээр үү? Шилмүүст модыг эхлээд гадаа талбай дээр тарьдаг. Харин 1 жилийн дараа ойролцоогоор 15 см өндөртэй тайрч аваад бортогонд суулгадаг. Үүнийг мөн шууд бортгонд тарьж болно. Үүний тулд соёолсон шинэ үрийг хэрэглэнэ. Үрийг бортгонд суулгаж, дараа нь элсээр хучна. Үрийг тухайн модны зүйлээс хамаарч элсээр янз бүр зузаантайгаар хучна: Abies-Arten: 2,0-3,0 см Larix sibirica: 0,5-1,0 см Picea obovata 1,0-2,0 см Pinus sylvestris: 1,0-2,0 см Pinus sibirica: 2,0 3,0 см Бэлтгэсэн хөрс (Субстрат) Хулэр, ялзмаг ба ойн хөрсийг хольж тусгай хөрсийг бэлтгэнэ. Бэлдмэл хөрсийг хэт нягтруулах хэрэггүй. Бага зэргийн нэмэлт бордоог (1 кг бэлдмэл хөрсөнд 2 гр удаан хугацааны бордоо) тарьцын ургацын явцад хийх хэрэгтэй. Хуванцар бортого Лийко15 (15 бортого/амсрын диаметр7 см)бортого нь нэг талдаа үндсийг доошоо ургахад зориулсан ухаадастай ба доод тал нь онгорхой. Үрээр тарьж ургуулахад тохиромжтой. Шууд үрээр суулгаж тарихад лийко 40 гэдэг бортогыг хэрэглэдэг (40 бортого/амсрын диаметр4 см) Бортгон савнууд нь үргэлж шинэчлэгдэж сайжирч байгаа. Кюкпот(Quickpot), Штэрнконтэйнэр (Sterncontainer), Хиккоконтэйнэр (Hikkocontainer)ба лийко (Lieco) маркийн бортогонууд нь өргөн хэрэглэгддэг. Шинэ загварын бортого нь доороо онгорхой ба түүгээр нь үндэс хана дагаж доошоо ургах ховилтой. Үржүүлгийн бортгуудыг газраас 20 см өндөр тавцан дээр тавьдаг. Ингэснээр тарьцны үндэс амархан ил гарч, цаашаа ургадаггүй. Энэ нь үндсийг тайрсантай адил үзэгдэл юм (airpruning). Олон янзын хэмжээтэй бортого худалдаанд гардаг. Хурдан ургадаг модны зүйлийг шууд үрээр тарьдаг. Тэдгээрийг зөвхөн 6 сар ургацын үеийг нь дуустал бортгонд байлгана. Олон төрлийн судалгаанаас үзэхэд Pinussib., Larixsib. зэрэг нь хамгийн хурдан ургадаг модны зүйл болохыг харуулсан. Бортгонд ургасан жижиг залуу моддыг ургацын өрсөлдөөн багатай газар шилжүүлэн суулгахад их тохиромжтой байдаг. 1

57 Уян бортого Бортгонд томоохон хэмжээн суулгацыг тарих Томоохон хэмжээний суулгацыг бэлтгэхийн тулд (жишээ нь 0,80 1,20м) тарьцыг 2 жилийн дараа том бортгонд (жишээ нь сарнайн бортого, ойролцоотойгоор 15 см диаметртэй, 22 см гүн, 1 литр багтаамжтай) шилжүүлж суулгана.тогтмол бага хэмжээний бордоогоор бордох нь зүйтэй. Холимог ойг үүсгэхболон хот тохижуулах ургамлыг энэ аргаар ургуулахад тохиромжтой. Томхон хэмжээний суулгацыг үржүүлэхийн тулд дахин том бортгонд шилжүүлэн суулгадаг. Бортоготой тарьцаа дуслын системээр услах, үндэс нь хэлбэрээ алдах зэрэг шалтгаанаас үүдээд ийм том сортын суулгацыг бортогонд тарих нь зохимжтой бус байдаг. Уян бортого нь ялзардаг хүлэр буюу цаас мэтийн материалаас бүрддэг. Эдгээрийг үндэс нэвт ургадаг саванд суулгадаг. Энэхүү бортого үрээр тарьсан 2-3 насны тарьцад тохирдог. Үрийг суулгахаас өмнө бортогыг сайтар усалсан байх шаардлагатай. Ус чийг алдахаас сэргийлж уян бортгыг газрын хөрсөнд бага зэрэг суулгаж байрлуулдаг. Торон бортого Торон бортого гэж эмний хэлбэрт шахаж нягтруулсан цэвэр хүлрээр хучигдсан үндэсюм. Энэ нь нарийн тороор эргэн тойрон бүрхэгдсэн. Торон бортоготой ургамлыг услахад дээрээсээ юм уу эсвэл доороосоо хөвсийж хөөж эхэлнэ. Тарьцыг суулгахаас өмнө сайн услах хэрэгтэй. Хоорондоо нягт шахаж нягтруулсан торон бортого нь бага талбай эзлэх ба тээвэрлэхэд амар байдаг. Торон бортого нь зөвхөн 1 настай тарьцад тохиромжтой. Бортоготой тарьцыг тогтмол услах шаардлагатай. Ингэснээр тарьцууд бортогт сайн үндэслэдэг. Тарьцыг ургалтын үед нь өдөр бүр услах хэрэгтэй ба түүнийг бортгонд бойжуулах хугацаанд байнгын усалгаа шаардлагатай. Бортоготой тарьцыг тээвэрлэх Бортоготой тарьцанд давхарлаж тавих боломжтой, сайн чанарын, үндэсний үзүүрийг хамгаалсан ёроол нь битүү хайрцагнууд их тохиромжтой байдаг. Бортгыг буруу тээвэрлэснээс нарийн үндэсний үзүүр хэсэг хатах аюул тулгарах талтай. Сайн зохион байгуулж төлөвлөснөөр илүү зардлыг хэмнэж, амьд үлдэх модны тоог нэмэгдүүлнэ. Бортоготой их хэмжээний суулгацыг зөөвөрлөх тэвшний хэмжээнд тохирсон тавиурыг хийж тээвэрлэнэ. Бортгон саванд тарилт хийхийн давуу болон сул тал Саванд тарилт хийхийн давуу тал нь юуны өмнө биологийн нөхцөлийг нь бүрдүүлж өгсөнд байгаа юм:тухайн суулгацын цочрол бага, өөрөөр хэлбэл;үндэсний ургалтыг хянах, сайжруулах боломжтой. Орчны ямар ч нөхцөлд, тухайлбал; хөрсний температур бага байсан ч ургалт сайтай байдаг. Суулгалтын үед хүнээс шалтгаалах алдаа бага. Хол зайд тээвэрлэх боломжтой. Бортгон саванд тарилт хийхийн сул тал нь харьцангуй өртөг өндөртэй, шууд тээвэрлэх боломжгүй байдагт оршино. 2

58 Мэдээлэл: Мод тарих Залуу тарьц, суулгац нь маш эмзэг амьд бие юм. Залуу модыг нярай хүүхэдтэй ч харьцуулж болох юм. Нярай хүүхдийг бид маш их хайраар халамжлан өсгөдөг. Бид үүнтэй адилаар залуу моддыг арчлах ёстой. Модны үндэс гэдэг бол байнгын дасал болсон орчноо шаардаж байдаг маш эмзэг нарийн тогтоц юм. Загасаар жишээ татаж болох юм. Загасыг уснаас нь гаргамагц л загасанд тав тухгүй болж, хямарч эхэлнэ. Үндсийг 10 минутаас илүү хугацаагаар нар, салхинд ямар ч хамгаалалтгүй тавибал даруй үхнэ. Модны үндэс хөрснөөс ус, хужрыг шингээж авна. Үндэс ургамлыг хөрсөнд холбож, түүнд хэрэгтэй амин чухал шим тэжээлийн бодисыг хуримтлуулж байдаг. Үүнээс харахад мод үржүүлгийн ажилд модны арчилгаа маш чухал үүрэгтэй. Нүх ухахаас модоо тарих хүртэлх хугацаанд тарьц, суулгацыг нямбайлан арчлах нь чухал. Анжис ашиглан тарилт хийх, зөөвөрлөх явцад тарьц, суулгац гэмтэх нь бий. Ийм учраас тарьц, суулгацыг арчлах хэд, хэдэн чухал дүрэм байх ёстой: Шууд суулгах боломжгүй тарьц, суулгацуудыг анжис ашиглан тарилт хийх хэрэгтэй. Тарилт хийхдээ модны зүйл, насны бүлгээр нь ангилснаар хольж хутгахаас сэргийлэх арга юм. Удаан хадгалах тохиолдолд тарьц, суулгацын порковыг онгорхой байлгах хэрэгтэй. Хуурай байлгах ёсгүй учир усалж чийглэх хэрэгтэй. Аливаа амьтан, мөн хулганаас хамгаалах хэрэг гарна. Хадгалах газрыг битүү хучиж, хажуу талаас нь бүтээлгээр халхалж өгөх хэрэгтэй. Ингэж тарьц, суулгацыг нар, салхинаас хамгаална.

59 Талбай руу зөөхдөө үндсийг хатаахгүйн тулд тарьц, суулгацыг Тарьц, суулгацыг шинээр нь байлгах зөөврийн уутыг хэрэглэх нь зүйтэй. Тарьц, суулгацыг гаргаж авсны дараа уутны амсрыг буцааж битүүлэх хэрэгтэй. Талбай дээр тарьц, суулгацыг усаар дүүргэсэн хувинд байлгах хэрэгтэй. Энэ нь үндсийг хатахаас сэргийлэх арга хэмжээ юм. Тарьц, суулгацыг суулгахдаа эгнээ хоорондын зайг анхаарах хэрэгтэй. Ингэж бэлтгэсэн тарьц, суулгац талбайд хангалттай хүрэлцэхүйц эсэхийг харж болно. Ингэснээр услах гэх мэт цаашдын арчилгааг гүйцэтгэхэд хялбар болох юм. Тарьц, суулгацыг суулгах шугамыг тогтоосны дараа нүхээ ухна. Үндэсний хэлбэр, хэмжээнээс суулгац суулгах нүхний хэмжээ хамаарна.

60 Ургалтыг хөнгөвчлөх, баталгаажуулахын тулд дараах зааварчилгааг анхаарах хэрэгтэй: Үндэсний сэжим буюу салааг аль болох орооцолдуулалгүйгээр хөрсөнд суулгаж өгөх хэрэгтэй. Суулгац, тарьцыг налуулахгүйгээр тэгш суулгах хэрэгтэй. Үндэсний үхжсэн хэсгийг тайрах хэрэгтэй. Тарьц, суулгацыг гаргаж ирэхээс өмнө байсан тэр гүнд нь суулгаж өгнө. Үндэс ( Үндэс, нахиа хоёрын хоорондох саарал бүс) хөрсөөр бүрэн хучиж өгөх буюу ойролцоогоор 10 см орчим хөрсөөр үндсийг хучна. Бороо орсны дараа тарьц, суулгацын нүх дахин сууж өгнө. Тарьц, суулгацыг хөрсөнд маш сайн суулгаж өгөх хэрэгтэй. Тарьц, суулгацыг суулгах явцдаа үндэсний хүзүүг хөлөөрөө гэмтээхээс сэрэмжлэх. Мөчир, өвсний өгдөл сөгдлийг нүхнээс түүж гаргах. Маш хурдан хатах талтай байдаг учир тарьц, суулгацын хэт олон нүх бэлтгэх хэрэггүй. Нүхийг тарьц, суулгацаараа засаж янзлах хэрэггүй, энэ тохиолдолд үндэс мөн л хатна. (Үндэсний хүзүүг хөрсөөр хучих) (Хөлөөрөө хэт чанга гишгэх хэрэггүй) (Мөчир, өвсний өгдөл сөгдлийг түүж авах) Хэрэв үндэсний сэжим буюу салаа нь хэт орооцолдсон байвал модны өсөлт, ургалтанд муу. Үндэсний үхжсэн хэсэг тарьц, суулгацыг маш ихээр гэмтээх бөгөөд энд хортой мөөгөнцөр ч үүсэх талтай. Тарьц, суулгацыг нүхэнд нь өнгөц суулгавал үндэсний хэсгүүд хатаж, тарьц, суулгац налж унана. Тарьц, суулгацыг хөрсөнд сайн суулгаж өгөхгүй бол үндэс хөрснөөс шаардлагатай шим тэжээлийн бодис, усыг татаж чадахгүй бөгөөд ингэснээр үхнэ. Тарьц, суулгацыг хөлөөрөө чигжих үедээ үндэсний хүзүү, өөрөөр хэлбэл; ирмэгийг гэмтээвэл бактери үүсч, ургалтанд муу нөлөө үзүүлнэ. Энэ бол бас нэгэн сэрэмжлэх ёстой зүйл юм. Нүхэнд мөчир, модны өгдөл сөгдөл байгаа тохиолдолд тарьц, суулгац хөрстэй сайн холбогдож чадахгүй, үүнээс болж шим тэжээлийн бодисоо авч чадахгүйд хүрнэ. Тарьц, суулгац суулгахад дараах багаж, төхөөрөмжүүд хэрэг болно: Хүрз, газар ухагч өрөм (дуу чимээ тусгаарлагчтай), талбайгаас хамааран тарьц, ургамлын сав Тарьц, суулгацын эгнээг тогтооход хэрэглэх саваа, олс Тарьц, суулгацын уут

61 Талбай руу тарьц, суулгацаа зөөх хувин Жижиг гаатуу Бээлий Алх, сүх, эвхдэг метр Газрын өрмийн генератор Газар ухдаг өрөм + Дуу чимээ тусгаарлагч Газар ухдаг өрөм ( 2 хүний) Олс + Саваа Шугам Зөөврийн уут Хувин Гаапуу Бээлий Алх Сүх Эвхдэг модон метр Генератор Төрөл бүрийн хүрзнүүд

62 Baumschule Hanau-Wolfgang Rodenbacher Chaussee 9 D Hanau Inhaltsverzeichnis Teil 1 Vorstellung Baumschule Hanau-Wolfgang Teil 2 Standortwahl bei Neuanlage Baumschule Teil 3 Bodenbearbeitung und Bodenpflege Teil 4 Saatgut und Aussaat Teil 5 - Containeranzucht Teil 6 Pflege der Kulturen Teil 7 -Verschulung Teil 8 - Pflanzenversand Teil 1 Vorstellung Teil 1 - Vorstellung Persönliche Vorstellung Joachim Göbel Fachhochschulreife Ausbildung Forstwirt Technischer Leiter Staatliche Samendarre Seit 1994 Technischer Leiter Baumschule Eckdaten Baumschule Hanau-Wolfgang Teilbetrieb des Forstamtes Hanau-Wolfgang Seit 1930 Fläche: 13 Hektar an zwei Standorten Stammpersonal: 1 Technischer Leiter, 1 Verwaltungsangestellte, 1 Kraftfahrer Saisonpersonal: 7 Saisonarbeiter (Selbständige Forstunternehmer aus Polen und Ungarn) Teil 1 - Vorstellung Teil 1 - Vorstellung Luftaufnahme Baumschule Hanau-Wolfgang Pflanzensortiment Produktion von Nadelholz Produktion von Laubholz Produktion von Landschaftsgehölzen Produktion von Weihnachtsbäumen 1

63 Teil 1 - Vorstellung Teil 1 - Vorstellung Sortiment Nadelholz Abiesalba Abiesgrandis Abiesnordmanniana Abies procera Larix decidua Piceaabies Piceaomorika Piceapungens glauca Pseudotsuga menziesii Pinus sylvestris Taxus baccata Sortiment Laubholz Acer campestre Acer platanoides Acer pseudoplatanus Aesculus hippocastanum Alnus glutinosa Betula pubescens Carpinus betulus Castanea sativa Teil 1 - Vorstellung Teil 1 - Vorstellung Sortiment Laubholz Fortsetzung Fagus sylvatica Fraxinus excelsior Juglans nigra Juglans regia Malus sylvestris Prunus avium Pyrus communis Quercus petraea Quercus robur Quercus rubra Sortiment Laubholz Fortsetzung Sorbus aria Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus domestica Sorbus torminalis Tilia cordata Ulmus glabra Teil 1 - Vorstellung Teil 1 - Vorstellung Sortiment Landschaftsgehölze (Auswahl) Cornus sanguinea Corylus avellana Euonymus europaeus Ligustrum vulgare Rhamnus frangula Rosa canina Viburnum opulus Jährliche Pflanzenproduktion bis Stück Davon Laubholz: 40 % Davon Nadelholz: 60 % Pflanzenanzucht vom Samenkorn bis zur verkaufsfertigen Pflanze 2

64 Teil 1 Vorstellung Tabelle Pflanzenverkauf 2012 Teil 1 - Vorstellung Kunden Staatswald (Forstämter) Kommunalwald Privatwald Privatkunden mit Kleinstmengen Teil 1 Vorstellung Kunden 2012 Teil 2 - Neuanlage einer Baumschule Beachtung der Auswahlkriterien für den zukünftigen Standort Anbauvoraussetzungen Teil 2 - Neuanlage einer Baumschule Teil 2 - Neuanlage einer Baumschule Standortwahl bei Neuanlage einer Baumschule Anbauvoraussetzungen Standort aus absatztechnischer Sicht Standort aus produktionstechnischer Sicht Standort aus ökologischer Sicht Standort (Bodengüte, Bodenstruktur, Witterungsbedingungen) Kultur- und Sortenwahl (Groß- und Kleinklima, Wasserversorgung, Schutzbedürftigkeit) Pflanzsysteme 3