Vorlesung Teilchenphysik: Konzepte und experimentelle Tests

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1 Vorlesung Teilchenphysik: Konzepte und experimentelle Tests Prof. Dr. DI Christian W. Fabjan Atominstitut der TU Wien und Institut für Hochenergiephysik der ÖAW Vorbesprechung: :00 bis 16:30 Seminarraum 134, Freihaus, Gelber Turm, 5. Stock Higgs ist hier!

2 die aktuellsten Fragen der Teilchenphysik Wie bekommen Leptonen und Quarks ihre Masse? -> LHC in 2012! Ist unsere Welt komplexer: gibt es höhere Symmetrien? -> LHC; Astroteilchen-Physik; Präzisionsexperimente Woraus besteht Dunkle Materie? -> LHC; Astroteilchen-Physik; Präzisionsexperimente Was sind die Eigenschaften der Ur-Materie? -> LHC; FAIR Materie-Antimaterie Asymmetrie-> Belle; Belle II; LHC; FAIR; Astroteilchen-Physik; Präzisionsexperimente Gibt es höhere räumliche Dimensionen? -> LHC; Präzisionsexperimente Sind die Naturkonstanten konstant? -> Präzisionsexperimente Das Unerwartete -> Beschleuniger; Astroteilchen-Physik; Präzisionsexperimente 2

3 The world's largest Si-Tracker during installation in CMS: big, beautiful, complex with detection channels 3

4 Looking for Supersymmetry (SUSY): the Vienna/ HEPHY approach Problem: an unknown parameter space to be explored -> HEPHY is developing model-independent analysis strategy Ultimate aim is to reconstruct these complex decay chains Lightest SUSY particle: dark matter candidate but would need independent confirmation from direct and indirect observation If SUSY exists, it will show up in many different ways: decay of particles, e.g. neutron, B- mesons -> need to look in many different systems 4

5 SC solenoid 1.5T CsI(Tl) 16X 0 8 GeV e - Belle Detector TOF counter Aerogel Cherenkov cnt. n=1.015~ GeV e + Central Drift Chamber small cell +He/C 2 H 5 5 Si vtx. det. 3(4) lyr. DSSD µ / K L detection 14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe

6 Mystery of Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry As far as we know, there was Matter and Antimatter in symmetric amounts in the very early Universe This symmetry was broken: fortunately! Most matter annihilated with antimatter, BUT Approximately one matter particle out of 10 9 survived All other matter and antimatter particles annihilated into photons All visible matter of our Universe is made from these remnants The study of this symmetry breaking between matter and antimatter (CP-violation) is a very active area of research At present: we have only a very incomplete understanding of this live-saving symmetry breaking mechanism 6

7 Teilchenphysik: Konzepte und experimentelle Aim of lectures Tests Ziele der Vorlesung Qualitative discussion of our present understanding Emphasis of fundamental concepts interplay between experiment and theory emergence of the Standard Model of Particle Physics Provide understanding of the pillars of Particle Physics Connection with Cosmology and Astroparticle physics Physics Programme at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) completing out present physics understanding opening new frontiers in particle physics and cosmology seeing the shortcomings of the Standard Model 7

8 Teilchenphysik: Elementary Particle Konzepte Physics: und experimentelle Program of lectures Tests Inhalte der Vorlesung Block 1: Major milestones of the past 100 years From the discovery of the electron to the Standard Model of particle physics and beyond Block 2: Creating and detecting particles Accelerating particles: synchrotrons and colliders Detecting particles: measuring momentum, energy, mass, lifetime of particles Two case studies: Discovery of the antiproton Discovery of the W- and Z-bosons Block 3: Fundamentals Four forces; quarks and leptons Conservation laws; unification schemes 8

9 Teilchenphysik: Elementary Particle Konzepte Physics: und experimentelle Program of lectures Tests Inhalte der Vorlesung Block 4: Components of the Standard Model (a) Quantum Electrodynamics Quantum Chromodynamics Block 5: Symmetries and symmetry breaking Parity, charge-parity and violations Case study of interplay between theory and experiment Nuclei, K- and B-meson systems How did the Universe become matter-dominated? Block 6: Components of the Standard Model (b) The electroweak force Breaking the Symmetry: the Higgs Mechanism Discovery of a Higgs-like particle 9

10 Teilchenphysik: Elementary Particle Konzepte Physics: und experimentelle Program of lectures Tests Inhalte der Vorlesung Block 7: The neutrinos: 80 years of scientific drama and no end in sight Pauli postulation The discovery 40 years of solar neutrino puzzle and its spectacular resolve Block 8: The research frontier: LHC, Belle II, FAIR, Precision Experiments The open issues The cosmos connection 10

11 Course material Transparencies with annotations will be provided References to literature Will do at least one exercise per lecture, more so, if students wish and are prepared to contribute! Exam: oral; emphasizing the understanding of the concepts 11

12 Mitarbeit in HEPHY-Forschung Projektarbeiten und Bachelor-Arbeiten am HEPHY und am CERN Teilchenphysik, Instrumentation; Analyse-Algorithmen Volle Integration in die Forschungsarbeit einer Gruppe Dauer: 6 bis 8 Wochen Master-Arbeiten; Dissertationen Schwerpunkte: Forschung mit CMS und Belle/ BelleII Instrumentierung: Entwicklung des neuen Spurendetektors für BelleII und Entwicklungen für CMS Phase II Volle Integration in die Forschungsarbeit einer Gruppe 12 Christian W. Fabjan