Research in Bio-fuels in Bavaria

Transkript

1 SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS WORKSHOP: Exploring technical cooperation among Regional Leaders Cape Town, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014 Research in Bio-fuels in Bavaria Jürgen Karl Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

2 1. The for Germanys Energiewende Situation of Europe s gas supply Gaps to fill by means of Biofuel 2. State-of-the-art of Biofuels and Second Generation Fuels Methanation of Biomass Other synthetic Energy Carriers Key for Second Generation Fuels 3. Hydrogen and Second Generation Fuels in Bavaria Gasification Research (Biomass Heatpipe Reformer) Bavarian Hydrogen Center (BHC) Hydrogen and Methanation projects at the Chair of Energy Process Engineering 4. Research Needs and Outline for a Joint Research program Folie 2

3 1. The for Germanys Energiewende Situation of Europe s gas supply Gaps to fill by means of Biofuel Folie 3

4 Upcoming in the Energy sector Biofuels have to substitute fossile fuels in order to improve security-of-supply Folie 4

5 Situation of Europe s gas supply Estimated natural gas reserves 1999 Norway Russia Reserves-to-production ration is 8 years for Europe and 10 years for the USA (status 2012) Europe will depend completely on Russian natural gas supplies UK NL Algeria Tunesia Egypt Ukraine Kasakhsta Uzbekistan Turkmenistan 2025 Russia Turkmenistan Folie 5

6 Situation of Europe s gas supply Reserves-to-production ration is 8 years for Europe and 10 years for the USA (status 2012) Europe will depend completely on Russian natural gas supplies Gasprom Gasprom Folie 6

7 Situation of Europe s gas supply Possible Solution Substitution of natural gas with Biomass Methanation makes Biomass transportable Biomass may be used in urban areas with high efficiency due to favorable conditions for CHP and without fine dust emissions Gasprom Gasprom Folie 7

8 Situation of Europe s gas supply Possible Solution Substitution of natural gas with Biomass Methanation makes Biomass transportable Biomass may be used in urban areas with high efficiency due to favorable conditions for CHP and without fine dust emissions Folie 8

9 Upcoming in the Energy sector Biofuels have to substitute fossil fuels in order to improve security-of-supply shall back-up increasing shares of wind and photovoltaics (PV) with highest flexibility Folie 9

10 A Summer Week in Germany Power Production In GW 70 Renewables cover 25% of Germanys power production Increasing the share of wind and PV requires affordable and most flexible back-up capacities up to 30 GW Renewables 60 PV still > 50 GW fossile and nuclear for baseload Wind Natural Gas bituminous coial lignite Nuclear Hydro Mo Tue Wed Thu Fr Sat Su Folie 10

11 Upcoming in the Energy sector Biofuels have to substitute fossil fuels in order to improve security-of-supply shall back-up increasing shares of wind and photovoltaics (PV) with highest flexibility have to use existing infrastructures and storage capacities 1 Mio. electrical vehicles 10 GWh Reference: pumped storage hydro power stations in Germany 40 GWh Natural gas grid 2170 GWh Liquid fuel 2500 GWh Quelle: M.Specht, Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung mit Biomasse, Augsburg, Folie 11

12 2. State-of-the-art of Biofuels and Second Generation Fuels Methanation of Biomass Other synthetic Energy Carriers Key for Second Generation Fuels Folie 12

13 Examples for Second Generation Fuels: 1. Step: Thermal gasification Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) Production of synthetic natural gas" from biomass ("Methanation") CH x O y + H 2 O (Biomass) gasification CO + 3 H 2 + CO 2, H 2 O, etc. CO CH 4 2. Step: Methanation hydrogenation H 2 O, CO 2, hydrogen heat Folie 13

14 Examples for Second Generation Fuels: Polygeneration is particularly interesting Carbazol CO H 2 CH H 2 O CO + 3 H 2 CH 4 CO + 2 CO syngas + snygas 2,2 H 2 4 H 2 + Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL) + H 2 O Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) Dimethylether (DME) CH 3 -O-CH 3 + heat + heat + H 2 O + heat + 2 H 2 O + heat Folie 14 H 2 further examples: hydrogen, alcohols, ammonia synthetic fuels energy carriers

15 Key for Second Generation Fuels: 1. Gasification Syngas production Hydrogen production Raw gas 2. Gas cleaning Syngas cleaning 3. Synthesis Synthesis Second Generation Fuel Biomass Particle removal Desulphurization Tar scrubbing Conditioning stochiometry and excess steam Syngas Catalytic synthesis with defined pressure and temperature Folie 15

16 3. Hydrogen and Second Generation Fuels in Bavaria Gasification Research (Biomass Heatpipe Reformer) Bavarian Hydrogen Center (BHC) Hydrogen and Methanation projects at the Chair of Energy Process Engineering Folie 16

17 Process chain for Second Generation Fuels Reaction equation for the methanation of biomass: (CH 1,37 O 0,61 ) with autothermal oxygen gasification CH 1. Option: oxygen 1,37O0,61,3525 O2 0,3425 CH 4 0, CO 2 with allothermal steam gasification CH 1,37O0,61,3525 H2O 0,51875 CH 4 0, CO 2. Option: steam 2 Thermal gasification (Reforming) Gas cleaning Synthesis CO 2 Sequestration Folie 17

18 Gasification Agnion Heatpipe-Reformer, Pfaffenhofen, D Biomass HKW Güssing, AT steam gasification Dual Fluidized Bed gasification Applied for biomass only Small- and medium-scale plants Entrained flow, fixed bed-, fluidized bed gasification Large-scale plants Sasolburg factury Quelle: SNG-Anlage, CPI Xinjiang Energy Co. Ltd, Yili City Xingjiang, China, 8 x 500 MW Siemens SFG-500 coal gasifier, comissioning 2014 Folie 18 Oxygen gasification

19 Syngas concentration in vol-%, Temperature in C 500 kw agnion Heatpipe-Reformer pilot steam fuel syngas combustor reformer flue gas fluidized bed gasification H 2 heat pipes heat pipes reformer pressure vessel CO CO 2 CH 4 fluidized bed combustion combustion chamber 0 Folie 19 Karl, J., Biomass heat pipe reformer design and performance of an indirectly heated steam gasifier Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery: Volume 4, Issue 1 (2014), P 1-14

20 Syngas concentration in vol-%, Temperature in C Performance of the 500 kw agnion Heatpipe-Reformer pilot 900 combustor 800 reformer H CO CO 2 CH 4 Folie 20 Karl, J., Biomass heat pipe reformer design and performance of an indirectly heated steam gasifier Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery: Volume 4, Issue 1 (2014), P 1-14

21 char bed inventory in % Performance of the 500 kw agnion Heatpipe-Reformer pilot 80 % 70 % 60 % tar concentration g/nm³ Cold gas efficiency cg 50 % 100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % g/nm³ 0 % char conversion rate char in % Folie 21 Karl, J., Biomass heat pipe reformer design and performance of an indirectly heated steam gasifier Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery: Volume 4, Issue 1 (2014), P 1-14

22 Process chain for Second Generation Fuels Reaction equation for the methanation of biomass: (CH 1,37 O 0,61 ) with autothermal oxygen gasification CH 1,37O0,61,3525 O2 0,3425 CH 4 0, CO (Factor 2,5!) 2,25 CO 2 per CH 4 2 with allothermal steam gasification CH 1,37O0,61,3525 H2O 0,51875 CH 4 0, CO 2 0,92 CO 2 per CH 4 Thermische Thermal Vergasung gasification (Reformierung) (Reforming) Gasreinigung cleaning Synthese Synthesis CO 2 Sequestration Folie 22

23 EU Project CO 2 freesng 2.0 Objectives Substitute Natural Gas from Lignite (catalyst screenings, raw gas cleaning, process integration) Basic design 50 MW Heatpipe-Reformer with integrated sequestration of CO 2 Folie 23

24 Process chain for Second Generation Fuels Reaction equation for the methanation of biomass: (CH 1,37 O 0,61 ) with autothermal oxygen gasification CH 1,37O0,61,3525 O2 0,3425 CH 4 0, CO 2 with allothermal steam gasification CH 1,37O0,61,3525 H2O 0,51875 CH 4 0, CO 2 Thermal gasification (Reforming) Gas cleaning Hydrogen production Folie 24

25 Bavarian Hydrogen Center BHC focuses on the efficient production, storage and utilization of renewable hydrogen so-called liquid hydrogen carriers (liquid organic hydrogen carrier LOHC, i.e. Carbazol) store large amounts of hydrogen without losses at ambient conditions. Folie 25

26 Bavarian Hydrogen Center BHC focuses on the efficient production, storage and utilization of renewable hydrogen so-called liquid hydrogen carriers (liquid organic hydrogen carrier LOHC, i.e. Carbazol) store large amounts of hydrogen without losses at ambient conditions. a functional storage facility will be revealed as part of a demonstration system Carbazol + Folie 26 H 2

27 Bavarian Hydrogen Center Heatpipe-Reformer EVT with in-situ hydrogen separation biomass H 2 Work package Production of Hydrogen CO, CO 2, H 2 O etc. hydrogen permeable membrane (z.b. PdAg) porous filter tube Folie 27

28 4. Research Needs and Outline for a Joint Research program Folie 28

29 Research needs for Biofuels in the Energy sector (example: methanation) there are many technologies and route options still to be developed Gas production Gas cleaning methanation Gasconditioning Biomass Thermochemical gasification Syngascleaning Syngas/ town gas 1. Gasfamily Process heat Wind, PV, Hydro Power Fermentation Elektrolysis Partial Reforming Catalytic Methanation biological Methanation CO 2 separation H 2 separation Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) Biomethan Power-to- Gas Power-to- Hydrogen 2. Gasfamily up to 5% H 2 Hydrogen CHP Natural gas grid Folie 29 State-of-the-art Research

30 Do we need another joint research program? If there s a gap between academic research and public policies do academics fail to comply with public needs? do policy makers fail to comply with scientific insights realizations? What is needed to gap bridges? Communication Folie 30

31 We have to faciliate the dating process Policy makers favorite type of communication Scientists favorite type of communication What is needed to gap bridges? Communication Folie 31

32 Policy makers favorite type of communication Scientists communication 2.0 What is needed to gap bridges? Communication Folie 32

33 Proposal for a Joint Research Program: each partner region should finance 1-2 PhD student for three years each PhD student shall stay 36 month at his own university and 2 x 3 months at an University of a partner region all students/instructors should meet once a year in order to communicate Expected outcome: Scientific exchange and gain of knowledge Lasting personal links between scientists and regions Sustainable ond ongoing communication New concepts and arguments for policy makers What is needed to gap bridges? Scientists communication 3.0 Communication Folie 33