Test Report Prüfbericht

Test Report Prüfbericht Qualification of a Solar Collector in accordance with Qualifizierung eines Solarkollektors nach DIN EN 12975-1: 2006; DIN EN 12975-2: 2006 TÜV Report No.: 21210919_1000_10hp Cologne, 2010-07-28 DAT-P-226/06-01 Publication or distribution of this report to third parties is only permissible in its complete and unabridged form. Publication or dissemination of extracts, appraisals or any other revision and adaptation hereof, in particular for advertising purposes, is only permissible on receipt of prior written agreement by the TÜV Rheinland Group. The test results presented in this report refer only to the test item. Veröffentlichung und Weitergabe an Dritte ist nur in vollständiger, ungekürzter Form zulässig. Veröffentlichung oder Verbreitung von Auszügen, Zusammenfassungen, Wertungen oder sonstigen Bearbeitungen und Umgestaltungen, insbesondere zu Werbezecken, ist nur mit vorheriger schriftlicher Zustimmung der TÜV Rheinland Group zulässig. Die in diesem Bericht dargestellten Prüfergebnisse beziehen sich ausschließlich auf den Prüfgegenstand., 51101 Köln D 51105 Köln, Am Grauen Stein, Tel.: ++49-221/806-2477, Fax: ++49-221/806-1350

2 / 18 Report-No.: 21210919_1000_10hp on Qualification of a Solar Collector in accordance with Qualifizierung eines Solarkollektors nach DIN EN 12975-1: 2006; DIN EN 12975-2: 2006 Client: Kunde Ako Tec Produktionsgesellschaft mbh Grundmühlenweg 3 16278 Angermünde Germany TÜV Quotation No.: Angebotsnummer TÜV Order No.: Auftragsnummer Order of: Datum der Beauftragung Date of Receipt of Test Item: Anlieferdatum Prüfmuster Commencement of Test: Testbeginn TÜV Client No.: Kundennummer Inspector: Prüfer Business Field: Geschäftsfeld No of Pages: Seitenzahl Appendix: Anhang 435/ 148186 21210919 2009-01-28 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 3076118 J. Sommer (Tel.: +49 221 806-2021) 18 13 to 18

3 / 18 List of Contents Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Summary of test results Zusammenfassung... 4 2 Setting of tasks; Aufgabenstellung... 6 3 Basis of testing; Grundlagen... 6 4 Sampling; Probenahme... 7 5 Description of the collector construction; Beschreibung der Kollektorkonstruktion... 7 6 Measuring results of thermal performance testing; Prüfergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Sonnenkollektoren...10 6.1 Test method according to DIN EN 12975-2:2006 chapter 6.3; Prüfgrundlage entsprechend DIN EN 12975-2:2006 Kapitel 6.3...10 6.2 Test conditions; Prüfbedingungen...10 7 General remarks; Bemerkungen...12 List of Contents Appendix Inhaltsverzeichnis - Anhang Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results 13 Appendix 2: Photo documentation 18

4 / 18 1 Summary of test results Zusammenfassung Qualification of a Solar Collector in accordance with Qualifizierung eines Solarkollektors nach DIN EN 12975-1: 2006; DIN EN 12975-2: 2006 Manufacturer Hersteller Brand Handelsname Collector type Kollektortyp Basis of testing Prüfgrundlage Test Internal pressure Innendruck High-temperature resistance Hochtemperaturbeständigkeit Exposure Exposition : Ako Tec Produktionsgesellschaft mbh : Grundmühlenweg 3 16278 Angermünde Germany Ako Tec : OEM Vario 1000-10 hp : DIN EN 12975-2:2006 Start Date End Summary of main test results Zusammenfassung der Hauptergebnisse 2009-09-22 No visual damages Not performed Not performed External thermal shock 1 st Not performed Schneller Temperaturwechsel, außen 2 nd Not performed Internal thermal shock 1 st Not performed Schneller Temperaturwechsel, innen 2 nd Not performed Rain penetration Eindringender Regen Freeze resistance Frostbeständigkeit Mechanical load Mechanische Belastung Thermal performance Wärmeleistung Impact resistance (optional) Schlagfestigkeit (wahlweise) Final inspection Endüberprüfung Not performed - - - Use of anti-freeze liquid Not performed 2010-03-18 2010-04-07 No visual damages Not performed 2010-04-07 No visual damages All above listed tests of the standard DIN EN 12975-2:2006 were passed successfully in accordance with the criteria. Alle oben aufgeführten Tests der DIN EN 12975-2:2006 wurden entsprechend der Kriterien bestanden. Cologne, 2010-07-28 Responsible for collector testing Team manager Solar Thermal Energy Dipl.-Ing. J. Sommer Dipl.-Ing. U. Fritzsche

5 / 18 Summary of collector performance test results: Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung Manufacturer Hersteller Brand Handelsname Collector type Kollektortyp Ako Tec Produktionsgesellschaft mbh Ako Tec Year of manufacture Herstellungsjahr 2009 OEM Vario 1000-10 hp Length Länge Width Breite Height Höhe Weight (empty) Gewicht (leer) Heat transfer medium Prüfwärmeträger 2170 mm 740 mm 117 mm 24.0 kg Water Absorber area Absorberfläche 1.630 m² Aperture area Aperturfläche 1.465 m² Gross area Bruttofläche 1.606 m² Mass flow Massenstrom Test pressure: Prüfdruck 0.0344 kg/s 150 kpa Thermal performance Thermische Leistungsfähigkeit Absorber area (x A ) Aperture area (x a ) Conversion factor η 0 Konversionsfaktor 0.487 0.541 Conversion factor η 0 at 15 incidence angle * Konversionsfaktor bei 15 Einfallswinkel* 0.625 0.696 Heat transfer coefficient a 1 Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient 0.294 W/(m²K) 0.327 W/(m²K) Temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient a 2 Temperaturabhängiger Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient 0.020 W/(m²K²) 0.022 W/(m²K²) Output power per collector unit in W: Ausgangsleistung pro Kollektormodul in W: Irradiation Einstrahlung 0 15* 0 15* 0 15* T m T a in K 400 W/m² 394 W/m² 700 W/m² 689 W/m² 1000 W/m² 985 W/m² 10 309 394 547 694 785 996 30 274 358 512 659 750 976 50 213 297 451 598 689 899 (at normal and 15 incidence angle) * see further information in chapter 8: general remarks (bei senkrechter und 15 Einstrahlung) * weitere Informationen in Kapitel 8: Bemerkungen

6 / 18 2 Setting of tasks; Aufgabenstellung A complete collector test in accordance with DIN EN 12975-2:2006 of the Ako Tec Produktionsgesellschaft mbh collector OEM Vario 1000-10 hp should be performed with the aim of Solar Keymark certification. Es soll ein Kollektortest des Ako Tec Produktionsgesellschaft mbh Kollektors OEM Vario 1000-10 hp entsprechend DIN EN 12975-2:2006 mit dem Ziel der Solarkeymark Zertifizierung durchgeführt werden. 3 Basis of testing; Grundlagen DIN EN 12975-1:2006 Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile- Kollektoren- Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen DIN EN 12975-1:2006 Thermal solar systems and components - Collectors - Part 1: General requirements DIN EN 12975-2:2006 Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile- Kollektoren- Teil 2: Prüfverfahren DIN EN 12975-2:2006 Thermal solar systems and components - Collectors - Part 2: Test procedure Solar Keymark Specific Scheme Rules Final Version 11.04 December 2009: Specific CEN Keymark Scheme Rules for Solar Thermal Products

7 / 18 4 Sampling; Probenahme Prototype samples Prototyp Samples from pilot production Prüfmuster aus der Pilotfertigung Samples from serial production Prüfmuster aus der Serienproduktion Selection of test samples acc. to Solar Keymark scheme rules Prüfmusterauswahl entsprechend der Solar Keymark Regeln 5 Description of the collector construction; Beschreibung der Kollektorkonstruktion Manufacturer Hersteller Brand name Handelsname Collector Type Kollektortyp Category Kategorie Date of manufacture Produktionsdatum Serial number Seriennummer Drawing number Zeichnungsnummer Ako Tec Produktionsgesellschaft mbh Ako Tec OEM Vario 1000-10 hp Heat-pipe with absorber panels 2009 910000001 090717/1-5 (all 2009-07-17) Collector & construction: Kollektor & Konstruktion Gross dimensions l x w x t [mm] Bruttofläche l x b x h 2170 x 740 x 117 1 Absorber dimensions l x w [mm] Absorberfläche l x b x Anzahl 1940 x 84 (47 front + 37 back side) x 10 1 Aperture dimensions l x w [mm] Aperturfläche l x b x Anzahl 1980 x 740 x 1 1 Gross/ aperture/ absorber area [m²] Brutto-/ Apertur-/ Absorberfläche 1.606 / 1.465 / 1.630 1 Weight empty [kg] Leergewicht 24.0 Fluid content [l] Flüssigkeitsinhalt 0.5 1 Determinate by test laboratory 2 reviewed manufacturer information 3 according to manufacturer information

8 / 18 Absorber: Absorber Construction type Bauart Heat-pipe fin-absorber 2 Material Werkstoff copper 2 Absorber thickness [mm] Absorberdicke 0.12 2 Surface treatment Oberflächenbehandlung Tinox 3 Absorber grid Absorbergeometrie serial 2 Number and diameter of raiser tubes and distance [mm] Anzahl und Durchmesser der Glas- oder Absorberrohre sowie der Rohrabstand 30 * 10 2 75 2 Header/ connections: Sammelleitung/ Anschlüsse Dimensions of header [mm] Dimension der Sammlerleitung 35 2 No. and dimensions of connections Anzahl und Dimension der Anschlüsse 2 2 3/4 " external-thread 2 Cover: Abdeckung Number of covers Anzahl der Abdeckungen Cover thickness [mm] Dicke der Abdeckung 1.7 2 Cover material Material der Abdeckung Solar glass 3 Cover structure Struktur der Abdeckung Anti reflex coating 3 1 1 Determinate by test laboratory 2 reviewed manufacturer information 3 according to manufacturer information

9 / 18 Reflector: Reflektor Number of Reflectors Anzahl der Reflektoren 1 2 Reflector dimension and total Area Reflektors Abmaße und Gesamtfläche 1980 X 740 mm 1 1.465 m² 1 Reflector material and coating Reflektors Material und Beschichtung multi-layer composite 2 not mentioned 2 Reflector structure Reflektors Struktur und Stärke planar 2 0.4 2 Reflector wave-length and height Reflektor Wellenlänge und -höhe Thermal insulation: Wärmedämmung Thermal insulation thickness [mm] Dicke der Isolierung 13 2 - - Insulation material Material der Isolierung Armaflex HT 2 Thermal conductivity [W/(m*K)] Wärmeleitwert 0.042 (40 C) 3 Casing: Gehäuse Casing material Material des Gehäuses aluminium alloy 3 Sealing Dichtung 3 Limit values (given by the manufacturer): Grenzwerte Max. operating temperature [ C] Maximale Betriebstemperatur 160 3 Maximum pressure [kpa] Maximaler Betriebsdruck 1000 3 Heat transfer medium Wärmeträger Water Glycol mixture 3 Other limitations Weitere Einschränkungen 20 90 slope 3 Collector mounting Montagearten on roof and flat roof mounting is possible 3 1 Determinate by test laboratory 2 reviewed manufacturer information 3 according to manufacturer information

10 / 18 6 Measuring results of thermal performance testing; Prüfergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Sonnenkollektoren 6.1 Test method according to DIN EN 12975-2:2006 chapter 6.3; Prüfgrundlage entsprechend DIN EN 12975-2:2006 Kapitel 6.3 Serial no. Seriennummer 910000001 Date (Start/End) Datum (Start/Ende) 2010-03-18 2010-04-07 Inspector Prüfer Schaub 6.2 Test conditions; Prüfbedingungen Latitude [ ] Geographische Breite 43 28 Longitude [ ] Geographische Länge 13 04 Collector tilt [ from horizontal] Kollektorneigung 35 Collector azimuth [ from south] Kollektorazimut 0 Orientation of absorber or pipes Ausrichtung des Absorbers oder der Absorberröhren vertical Mass flow [kg/s] Massenstrom 0.0344 Aperture area A a [m²] Aperturfläche 1.465

11 / 18 Test results thermal performance; Prüfergebnisse Wärmeleistung Second order fit to data Ausgleichskurve 2. Ordnung für die Messwerte Q& = A G η 0 a 1 ( t t ) ( t t ) m G a a 2 m G a 2 Conversion factor η 0a [ ] Konversionsfaktor Conversion factor η 0a at 15 incidence angle[ ] Konversionsfaktor bei 15 Einfallswinkel Heat transfer coefficient a 1a [ W/(m²K)] Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient Temp. dependent heat transfer coefficient a 2a [W/(m²K²)] Temperaturabhängiger Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient Incidence angle modifier K θ (40.2 / 40.2 ) [ ] Einstrahlwinkel-Korrekturfaktor Effective heat capacity c [kj/(m²k)] Effektive Wärmekapazität Time constant τ c [s] Zeitkonstante 0.541 (based on aperture area) 0.696 (based on aperture area) 0.327 (based on aperture area) 0.022 (based on aperture area) 1.204 (based on aperture area) 17.977 (based on aperture area) Not necessary for quasi-dynamic test method Power curve per collector unit (for G = 1000 W/m²) Leistungskurve pro Kollektormodul 1200 1000 800 power [W] 600 400 200 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 (tkm-ta) [K] Maximum power [W peak ] Spitzenleistung (G=1000 W/m²) per collector unit/ pro Kollektormodul Maximum power [W peak ] Spitzenleistung (G=985 W/m²/ psi=15 ) per collector unit/ pro Kollektormodul 793 1004 Details of any damage and problems: Einzelheiten hinsichtlich vorhandener Fehler. No visual damages For more details about thermal performance test see Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results.

12 / 18 7 General remarks; Bemerkungen All results only refer to the test samples that were subjected to testing. The extended total measuring uncertainty for the outdoor performance test is: η ± 2.8 % (for irradiation levels above 700 W/m²) The longitudinal incidence angle modifier was determined with a horizontal mounted collector using the same tubes. Special IAM characteristic: This kind of collector with a flat fin absorber and a planar reflector shows a special IAMcharacteristic. Only at normal incidence, the reflector is not in operation: Because of that, the point of maximum output power lies between 10 and 20 transversal angle. Following EN 12975-2, the conversion factor out of quasi-dynamic test procedure will be calculated for an incidence angle of 15. This angle will typical be divided into 10.7 longitudinal and 10.7 transversal incidence angle. For simulation calculation, where the complete incidence angle modifier will be taken into account, the conversion factor at normal incidence needs to be used. The point of maximum output power will be described with the conversion factor at 15 incidence angle.

13 / 18 13 Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results Evaluation of quasi-dynamic collector test based on aperture area and mean temperature of heat transfer fluid (multi linear regression/ simulation) Based on aperture area: Aperture collector area used for curve: 1.465 m² The quasi-dynamic collector model is defined by Q/A a = F (τα) en K θb (θ) G b + F (τα) en K θd (θ) G d - c 6 ug* - c 1 (t m -t a ) - c 2 (t m -t a )² - c 3 u(t m -t a ) - c 4 (E L -σt 4 a ) - c 5 dt m /dt Mass flow during test [kg/s] 0.0344 Operating pressure during test [kpa] 150 Based on aperture area Value Unit F (τα) en 0.536 [ ] K θd 1.066 [ ] b 0 ( θ ) 0.060 [ ] c 1 0.327 [W/(m²K)] c 2 0.022 [W/(m²K²)] c 3 not determined [J/(m³K)] c 4 not determined [W/(m²K)] c 5 17.977 [kj/(m²k)] c 6 not determined [s/m] Angle [ ] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 K θ b longi () [ ] 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.94 0.88 K θ b trans () [ ] 1.33 1.37 1.33 1.20 1.26 1.27 1.01 Incidence angle modifier K θ (40.2 / 40.2 ) [ ] Einstrahlwinkel-Korrekturfaktor 1.204 (based on aperture area)

14 / 18 Comparison between measurement and regression (see Figure A1.4): Total energy deviation [%] 0.63 Objective [%] 3.90 The objective describes the ratio of the integrated absolute energy difference between measurement and simulation/ regression to the total measured energy during the complete test sequence. Calculation of collector parameters Conversion factor η 0 = F (τα) en K θb (θ l,t =15.0 ) 0.85 + F (τα) en K θd (θ) 0.15 Heat transfer coefficient a 1 Temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient a 2 Effective heat capacity c = c1 = c2 = c5 Presentation of the used data set for regression 1000 900 800 beam solar irradiance [W/m²] 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0-90 -70-50 -30-10 10 30 50 70 90 incidence angle transversal [ ] gure A1.1: Direct solar irradiance over its incidence angle Fi

15 / 18 400 350 diffuse solar irradiance Gd [W/m²] 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Global solar irradiance [W/m²] Figure A1.2: Diffuse solar irradiance over global irradiance 80 70 temperature difference between mean collector and ambient [K] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200-10 Global solar irradiance G* [W/m²] Figure A1.3: Temperature difference between mean collector and ambient temperature over global irradiance

16 / 18 1200 output power [W/collector unit] 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 timecode [s] Q_Measure [W] Q_Reg [W] Figure A1.4: Measured and calculated power over time (full data set) 1.6 1.4 incidence angle modifier [ ] 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 incidence angle [ ] longi trans Figure A1.5: incidence angle modifier over incidence angle

17 / 18 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 efficiency [ ] 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 Reduced temperture difference T*m [K*m²/W] Figure A1.6: efficiency curve over reduced temperature difference at 1000W/m² irradiation 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 efficiency [ ] 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 Reduced temperture difference T*m [K*m²/W] Figure A1.7: efficiency curve over reduced temperature difference at 800W/m² irradiation

18 / 18 18 Appendix 2: Photo documentation Fig. 1: performance test