Inhalt: Geltungsbereich der EASA Regeln Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen Noch bestehende nationale Regulierungen VLL Kennzeichen Nationale Lizenzen VLIp Lufttüchtigkeitsanweisungen Technische Mitteilungen Störungsmeldungen Unterhaltsunterlagen BAZL Formulare Seite 1
EASA Regeln, Geltungsbereich VLL bezieht sich auf EASA Grundverordnung (216/2008) und die Durchführungsbestimmungen 1702/2003 (Zulassung, 'Part 21') und 2042/2003 (Aufrechterhaltung der Lufttüchtigkeit, 'Part M, Part 66, Part 145, Part 147') Wo EASA (noch) nicht reguliert hat, gilt weiterhin natioanles Recht, namentlich für 'Annex II' Luftfahrzeuge Segelflugzeuge und Motorsegler sind nicht 'Annex II' EASA hat die NAAs angewiesen, die Bestimmungen bei nicht gewerbsmässig eingesetzten Luftfahrzeugen unter 5.7 t nicht durchzusetzen bis 'angepasste' EASA Regeln erlassen sind. Seite 2
Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen 1056/2008 führt European Light Aircraft ein:..; sailplane or powered sailplane with an MTOM less than 1000 kg that is not classified as complex motorpowered aircraft;... Zusätzlich eine noch 'einfachere' Kategorie: Light Sport Aeroplane:... MTOM 600 kg; Vso 45 kcas; max. 2 seats; propeller... Behörde kann ()Lufttüchtigkeitszeugnis bis längstens 28.9.2011 nach nationalem Recht verlängern Gewisse Fristerstreckungen für Freigabe nicht gewerbsmässig eingesetzter Lfz unter 5.7 t Seite 3
Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen Part M ist bereits 'angepasst': Pilot-owner authorisation genauer gefasst (M.A.803) Diverse Anpassungen, u.a.verantwortlichkeiten für Unterhaltsprogramme (M.A.302), Dokumentation, Komponenten, Unterhaltsbetriebe, Berechtigungen (Airworthiness Review, Erfahrung für Lfz ARS < 2730 kg (M.A.707(a)2).... Freigabe von ELA1 (nicht gewerbsmässig eingesetzt) kann mit persönlicher Lizenz erfolgen (M.A.801(c)) Lizenzträger kann ELA1 prüfen und der Behörde Antrag auf Verlängerung des LTZ stellen (2x) Seite 4
Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen Part 66: noch keine Bestimmungen für Segelflugzeugmechaniker es gelten die bisherigen nationalen, aber CRD 2008-03 sagt was kommen soll (Opinion 04-2009 ~ April 2010?) Neue Lizenz B3 für Kolbenflugzeuge bis 2000 kg ohne Druckkabine Neue Lizenz L für Segelflugzeuge, Motorsegler und Flugzeuge bis 1000 kg, Ballone, Heissluft- und 'einfache' Luftschiffe: Limited-L, Full-L levels "Modular", Ratings: Holz- / Verbundwerkstoff- / Metall- / Flugzeuge / Segelflugzeuge / Triebwerk / Heissluft- / Gas- / Ballone + Luftschiffe / Radio-Comm/Transponder Nationale Regeln für SF, MS etc (L-Lizenz) gelten noch 3 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten (Art.8/2042) Seite 5
Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen CRD 2008-03 Fortsetzung 'L' Ausbildung in Part-147 oder NAA genehmigter Schule (66.A.25) 'Limited-L' kann auf Erfahrung + Prüfung ausgestellt werden Praktische Erfahrung: 6 / 12 Monate für Limited-L, für Full-L zusätzlich 1 Jahr als Limited-L (66.A.30(a)6/7) Vollständig neuer Syllabus für L (Appendix VII) 13 Module 66.A.20 Berechtigungen: (a)5: Kategorie B3: Flugzeuge inkl. Triebwerk, Systeme und einfach überprüfbare Avionic Arbeiten (a)6: Kategorie L Seite 6
Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen CRD 2007-07 (Opinion 05-2009): Berechtigungen B1/B2, Ratings B1 kann 'work on avionic systems' statt nur 'replacement of avionic line replaceable units' freigeben B2 kann electrical und avionic tasks auch in Triebwerken und mechanischen Systemen freigeben B2 kann auch A-Arbeiten freigeben Part-66 Ausbildung wird erweitert um Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA42) Cabin Systems (ATA44) Information systems (ATA46) Anzahl Prüfungsfragen muss durch 4 teilbar sein Seite 7
Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen CRD 2007-07 (Fortsetzung) Type training soll mit OSD (Operational Suitability Data) definiert werden: TC-Halter muss auch Mindestausbildung für Unterhaltspersonal spezifizieren (neu: ICA Instructions for Continued Airworthiness) Type training kann auch für 'non complex motor powered aircraft' verlangt weden, wenn Wartung besondere Kenntnisse erfordert Zugelassen über FL 290 Fly by wire Mehrmotorige Helikopter Group rating Möglichkeiten erweitert (?) (Bessere?) Definition von TRT (Type Rating Training) und OJT (On the Job Training) Seite 8
Jüngste Entwicklung der EASA Regulierungen CRD 2007-07 (Fortsetzung) Mindest Theorie-Ausbildungszeiten spezifiziert TNA (Training Needs Analysis) eingeführt Ausbildung auf 6 Std pro Tag beschränkt Type Rating Training Inhalt und Dauer 'spezifiziert' Assessment of the practical training assessor (AMC) Worksheet/logbook für Praxis (AMC) (SVFB/BAZL) NAA muss 147 Zertifikat anerkennen (!) Übergangsfrist 15 Monate Etc. Seite 9
The European Regulator: EASA (Structure February 2009) www.easa easa.eu.int Seite 10
The Swiss NAA: FOCA (Structure August 2008) www.bazl bazl.admin.ch Important for airworthiness Seite 11
The structure of EASA regulations http:// http://www.easa.eu.int/home/regul_en. _en.html Basic Regulation 1592/2002, 216/2008 BR Base for EASA, essential requirements airworthiness, excepts Annex II aircraft Implementing rules 2042/2003, amended Part-M, Sections A, B 1702 Part-66 Part-145 IR define technical requirements and administrative procedures for airworthiness Parts: Section A: detailed technical requirements Section B: procedures for authorities Appendices CS, AMC and GM Certification Specifications are options! Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material are explanatory: how can the responsible person and the authority proceed to comply with a requirement. Seite 12
The structure of Swiss aviation regulations Constitution of the Confederation popular vote Aviation is matter of the Confederation (Art. 37) Federal Aviation Law Federal Assembly states principles and responsibilities of handling aviation matters Ordinances / Decrees Federal Council or DETEC specific regulations, e.g. (VLIb, VLIp etc) airworthiness, operations, airspace use, licences etc Advisory & guidance material FOCA explanatory and instruction publications on procedures, FOCA practice etc Seite 13
The remaining Swiss airworthiness regulations Federal Aviation Law Aircraft Registers are national: HB-..., F-..., D-... customs, taxes, trade, aircraft documents, VKZ markings. Ordinances / Decrees Aviation ordinance LFV: applicable rules for non EASA aircraft Airworthiness: VLL, VPL, VEL: individual CofA. non-easa, Annex II aircraft: see Certifying staff: VLIp national licences still required for "specialist" certifying (S-license) Maintenance organisations: VLIb for non commercially operated "Annex II" aircraft Charges and taxes: GebV-BAZL national schemes, except for DOA (EASA responsibility) Constitution Aviation Law Ordinances Guidance Constitution Aviation Law Ordinances Guidance Seite 14
The remaining Swiss airworthiness regulations Advisory and guidance Constitution Aviation Law Ordinances Guidance Airworthiness directives AD (LTA, CN, non-compliance = not airworthy) FOCA Technical Communications TM / CT Aircraft documents, Standard Journey Log Book FOCA Technical Folder (airworthiness records) FOCA Forms Seite 15
Aircraft documents How to recognize the certification standard Annex II CofA EASA CofA Seite 16
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: aircraft registration & markings LFV Aviation ordinance Definitions of aircraft, groups/categories Requirements for registration in Swiss aircraft register (HB-...) Swiss owner and/or operator Not in any other register Compliant with Airworthiness standards Compliant with Environment protection standards Definition of aircraft papers to be carried on board VKZ Registration markings by the way: Definition of Registration markings, national emblem, identification plate Seite 17
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: national airworthiness rules VLL national airworthiness regulation Applicable only to non-easa aircraft, parts and equipment Type certification: EASA specifications / international standards will apply, except for special category aircraft, where FOCA will decide in particular case, see TM Technical log (folder), flight log book and aircraft documents defined Maintenance required, documents, AD, certification, defect reporting, modifications etc adapted to EASA requirements, reference to TM Responsibilities and publications VPL national airworthiness review regulation Initial and continuing airworthiness review, procedure, responsibilities, report, ARC. VEL national emissions regulation All engine driven aircraft must comply with ICAO Annex 16 : noise and exhaust emissions, fuel draining; exempted aircraft are operationally limited Airport operator can limit use by non compliant aircraft Noise limit for basic training and glider towing Seite 18
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: national national licences,, personal VLIp: personnal licences and authorisations To perform/certify maintenance not (yet) covered by EASA regulations Aircraft mechanic licence (former M licence, no more formation/examination available) Specialist licence (S), e.g. specific equipments, engines, propellers; special working skills, as wood, fabric, sheet metal, composites, NDT, welding, glueing, plating/coating.. See TM 90.001-10 A personal authorisation may be issued in case of limited scope of work, in lieu of an S-licence Privileges as stated in licence or authorisation FOCA may acknowledge foreign national (non EASA) licences/permits if equivalent Validity normally 5 years, renewable upon evidence of experience Seite 19
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: national licences, organisations VLIb: organisation approvals To perform/certify maintenance not covered by EASA regulations Approval requirements very similar to EASA Part-M subpart F Very limited scope of work /privileges, mainly limited to 'Annex II' aircraft FOCA to publish fields of work for which a Swiss maintenance organisation approval may be acquired (TM) Seite 20
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: LTA/CN airworthiness directives FOCA issues own Airworthiness Directives only for Swiss TC aircraft and Emergency ADs ADs are published on FOCA Website AD list provided annually to aircraft owner Owner's responsibility emphasized Seite 21
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: TM / CT advisory & guidance material FOCA's advisory and guidance material on airworthiness issues is called Technical Communications, TM Legal status of TM:see TM 00.000-01; active TM list: TM 00.040-00 TMs on maintenance: - General: TM 02.010-xx and TM 02.020-xx - Engine, propeller: TM 15.xxx-xx - Equipment, Systems: TM 20.xxx-xx - Emergency equipment: TM 50.xxx-xx - Working and inspection principles: TM 73.xxx-xx TMs for maintenmance organisations and certifying staff - FOCA procedures for issuing approvals/certificates: TM 90.xxx-xx Seite 22
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: defect defect / occurrence reporting,, SRM Referring to EU/EASA rules, occurrences which do or may compromise operational or technical safety must be reported to FOCA, e.g. by operators, maintenance organisations andpersonnel Voluntary notification by all persons involved is encouraged for situations, occurrences etc. which may have a negative effect on aviation safety. Notification may be anonymous Any aircraft parts suspected or not approved to standards must be reported to FOCA FOCA reporting requirements do not replace company policies. Safety management system SMS is required for all organisations directly or indirecty involved in commercial air operations. Seite 23
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: maintenance data National rules apply for non-easa TC aircraft only Maintenance must be performed to TC holder's or otherwise approved data Owner may determine in maintenance program how to adhere to recommended maintenance intervals (SB, SL) FOCA can define tolerances and exemptions to maintenace intervals, see TM A work report copy must be sent to FOCA after complex maintenance due to accident, technical incident or abnormal operating strain. Seite 24
Swiss (FOCA) particularities: FOCA useful Forms FOCA publishes standard Forms on its website to assist you Use filters for search, e.g. airworthiness / technical forms ->Wägebericht. Note: manufacturers may provide more appropriate, type-related documents Seite 25
FAA airworthiness regulations Until adherence to JAA / EASA, reference was mostly made to US FAA rules for airworthiness certification, maintenance, organisations and licences The Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) are US law, but still widely used in the world as the reference for aviation safety. Most aircraft are certified to EU as well as to US airworthiness requirements. To perform maintenance on (foreign registered) aircraft which are certificated to FARs, an FAA organisation approval or licence is necessary Similarly, Advisory Circulars (AC) are widely accepted advisory and guidance material (non binding) Seite 26
ANNEX II to basic regulation Article 4(1), (2) and (3) do not apply to aircraft falling in one or more of the categories set out below: (a) historic aircraft meeting the criteria below: (i) non-complex aircraft whose: initial design was established before 1 January 1955, and production has been stopped before 1 January 1975; or (ii) aircraft having a clear historical relevance, related to: a participation in a noteworthy historical event, or a major step in the development of aviation, or a major role played into the armed forces of a Member State; (b) aircraft specifically designed or modified for research, experimental or scientific purposes, and likely to be produced in very limited numbers; (c) aircraft of which at least 51 % is built by an amateur, or a nonprofit making association of amateurs, for their own purposes and without any commercial objective; (d) aircraft that have been in the service of military forces, unless the aircraft is of a type for which a design standard has been adopted by the Agency; Seite 27
ANNEX II to basic regulation (continued) (e) aeroplanes, helicopters and powered parachutes having no more than two seats, a maximum take-off mass (MTOM), as recorded by the Member States, of no more than: (i) 300 kg for a land plane/helicopter, single-seater; or (ii) 450 kg for a land plane/helicopter, two-seater; or (iii) 330 kg for an amphibian or floatplane/helicopter single-seater; or (iv) 495 kg for an amphibian or floatplane/helicopter two-seater, provided that, where operating both as a floatplane/helicopter and as a land plane/helicopter, it falls below both MTOM limits, as appropriate; (v) 472,5 kg for a land plane, two-seater equipped with an airframe mounted total recovery parachute system; (vi) 315 kg for a land plane single-seater equipped with an airframe mounted total recovery parachute system; and, for aeroplanes, having the stall speed or the minimum steady flight speed in landing configuration not exceeding 35 knots calibrated air speed (CAS); Seite 28
ANNEX II to basic regulation (continued) (f) single and two-seater gyroplanes with a maximum take off mass not exceeding 560 kg; (g) gliders with a maximum empty mass, of no more than 80 kg when single-seater or 100 kg when two-seater, including those which are foot launched; (h) replicas of aircraft meeting the criteria of (a) or (d) above, for which the structural design is similar to the original aircraft; (i) unmanned aircraft with an operating mass of no more than 150 kg; (j) any other aircraft which has a maximum empty mass, including fuel, of no more than 70 kg. Seite 29
66.A.20 Privileges (CRD 2008-03)... (a)5: A category L aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder the following: - For the Limited-L licence: o For the powerplant rating: issue certificates of release to service following maintenance on the powerplant. o For all the other ratings: issue certificates of release to service following maintenance on aircraft structure, mechanical and electrical systems as well as maintenance on avionic systems not requiring troubleshooting and requiring simple tests to prove their serviceability. - For the Full-L licence: o For the RadioComm/Transponder rating: issue certificates of release to service following maintenance on radio, communication and transponder systems. o For all the other ratings: issue certificates of release to service following maintenance on aircraft structure, powerplant, mechanical and electrical systems as well as work on avionic systems not requiring troubleshooting and requiring simple tests to prove their serviceability. Seite 30
66.A.20 (CRD 2008-03) 5. (contd) The Limited-L aircraft maintenance licence does not allow the release of complete aircraft after annual inspections or equivalent or after implementation of major repairs and modifications. These are privileges of the Full-L aircraft maintenance licence holder. The Full-L licence shall automatically include the Limited-L licence. 66.A.30 Experience requirements... 6. for Limited-L, a sufficient period of time of practical experience covering a representative crosssection of maintenance activities relevant to the ratings applied for. This period shall not be less than: (i)six months for applicants qualified under 66.A.25(b) (ii)one year for applicants qualified under 66.A.25(c) 7. for Full-L, one year of experience exercising the Limited-L privileges covering a representative crosssection of maintenance activities in the corresponding rating, except that for the inclusion of an additional rating on an existing Full-L licence it is only required the completion of the corresponding training and examination in accordance with Appendixes VII and VIII and the practical experience required in paragraph 6 above. Seite 31