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1 Background 3 campaigns FLEHS I ( ) FLEHS II ( ) FLEHS III ( ) Adolescents (14-15y) Adults (20-40y & 50-65y) Newborns multiple pollutants POPs: HCB, DDE, marker PCBs Pesticides:Organophosphorus pesticides, glyphosate, pyrethroid pesticides Pag. 1

2 Statistics Time trends: adjusted geometric means (GM) per age group and per campaign Selection confounders (sex, BMI, age, ) and possible influential determinants of exposure (covariates) Determinants of exposure: univariate regression analysis Determinants with p<0.20 => multiple regression, stayed in the model when significant (p<0.05) R² explaining variance of model and determinants Possible relation between Social gradient vs. Lifestyle & behaviour vs. Exposure => afternoonsession Pag. 2

3 Time trends POPs adolescents FLEHS I FLEHS III HCB: 86% PCB: 61% DDE: 47% Geometric means (95%CI) adjusted for sex, age and BMI Pag. 3

4 Determinants of exposure FLEHS III; 51% explained Alcohol consumption: +21% Weight gain during pregnancy: -32% (>16kg vs. <10kg) Organ meat consumption: + 35% Coal/wood burning: +20% FLEHS I; 39% explained Age: +34% / 5 years age increase BMI: -15% / 5 kg m - ² BMI increase Local dairy: +11% Pag. 4 Den Hond et al., 2009 Env. Research 109,

5 Determinants of exposure FLEHS I DDE: 21 % explained HCB: 22 % explained Breastfeeding: +32% DDE; +7% HCB Local meat consumption: +19% DDE; +7% HCB Local vegetables: +13% DDE; +6% HCB Sex: boys 20-40% girls (all POPs) Den Hond et al., 2009 Env. Research 109, Pag. 5

6 Determinants of exposure Weight change (5y): weight loss +59% Local eggs & DDT: +91% FLEHS III, adults 50-65y p,p -DDE: 28% explained p,p -DDT: 39% explained Local vegetables: >6/w vs never DDE: + 48% DDT: + 88% DDT/DDE: +90% with local eggs Pag. 6

7 Determinants of exposure pesticides Urine density => Important Living <1km of commercial vegetable cultivation => total (+50%) and methyl metabolites (+57%) Dimethoate => frequently used (commercial, private); found in river water (87% in 2010); most found in routine vegetable control (Federal government) Sex & age: not significant FLEHS III, adults 50-65y Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) DAP 31% explained DEP 28% DMP 19% Pag. 7

8 Determinants of exposure Glyphosate (weed control; Round Up ); 42% > LOD 3-phenoxybenzoic acid => pyrethroid pesticides 97% > LOD Mean temperature: positive correlation Smoking: +56% smoker vs never -24% ex vs never FLEHS III, adults 50-65y glyphosate: 32% explained 3-PBA: 45% explained Pag. 8

9 Conclusions Persistent, ancient pollutants (HCB, DDE, PCBs) Age dependent Lipid content (boys-girls, BMI, weight changes) Local food (contaminated soils) Fat-rich food in general Mother to child transfer (breastfeeding, cord blood, parity) Non-persistent, currently used pesticides (OPPs, glyphosate, pyrethroids) Not dependent on age, sex, lipid content => indicator of recent use Literature: correlation with certain vegetables => detailed information necessary No correlation with local food => higher influence from commercial foods Organophosphorus pesticides => living < 1km from commercial vegetable cultivation Pyrethroids & glyphosate => temperature => more use, volatilization? Pyrethroids & smoking? lifestyle accumulative Pag. 9

10 Thank you for your attention Analysis A. Covaci - UA Tox lab (POPs) H-W Hoppe ML Bremen (Glyphosate) F. Nielssen SDU (pyrethroid pesticides) S. Voorspoels & G. Jacobs VITO (OPPs) Thanks to all participants The FLEHS studies were commissioned, financed, and steered by the Ministry of the Flemish Community Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry

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