Open Source GI and Cartography. Georg Gartner TU Wien

Transkript

1 Open Source GI and Cartography Georg Gartner TU Wien

2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Free and Open Source Software for GI and cartography 3. Open standards and technologies for GI and Cartography 4. Open Software for GI and Cartography 5. Case studies in urban planning

3 1. What is Free and Open Source Software? Four essential freedoms 1 : The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (Freedom 0) The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish (Freedom 1) The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (Freedom 2) The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (Freedom 3) Access to the source code is a precondition for Freedom 1 and 3. A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. 1.

4 Definition Free software is a matter of the user s freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. Free software is a mater of liberty, not price. free speech vs. free beer

5 Google Maps (APIs) is free, but not a free software. Terms of Use

6 Bing Map? Not! Privacy and Legal

7 2. Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial Open source GIS provides accessibility, low cost solutions and lowers the entry barriers for the use of geospatial technologies for all. Relevant communities Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) Research communities: ICA Working Group on Open Source Geospatial Technologies

8 OGC The Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) is a non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization that is leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services. Mission To serve as a global forum for the collaboration of developers and users of spatial data products and services, and to advance the development of international standards for geospatial interoperability.

9 OGC s standards Geography Markup Language GML Web Map Service (WMS) Web Coverage Service (WCS) Web Feature Service (WFS) Location Services (OpenLS).

10 OSGeo The OSGeo is a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to support and promote the collaborative development of open geospatial technologies and data. provides financial, organizational and legal support to the broader open source geospatial community. Hosting the FOSS4G conferences (Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial)

11 OSGeo s Projects Web Mapping Deegree, Geomajas, GeoServer, Mapbender, MapBuilder, MapFish, MapGuide Open Source, MapServer, OpenLayers Desktop Applications GRASS GIS, OSSIM, Quantum GIS, gvsig Geospatial Libraries FDO, GDAL/OGR, GEOS, GeoTools, MetaCRS, PostGIS Metadata Catalog GeoNetwork Other Projects Public Geospatial Data, Education and Curriculum

12 ICA Working Group on Open Source Geospatial Technologies The WG aims to promote multi-national holistic research in free and open source geospatial technologies in order to make accessible the latest developments in open source tools to the wider cartographic community. The WG attempts to enhance the usage of free and open source geospatial tools among the cartographic community worldwide, especially for education. A serial of conferences and workshops

13 3. Open standards and technologies GML (current version 3.2.1) an XML grammar for expressing geographical features Used as an open interchange format for transmitting geographic data on the Internet GML was adopted as an International Standard (ISO 19136:2007) in Ordnance Survey of GB use GML as the (only) format for supply of MasterMap data

14 3. Open standards and technologies KML (Keyhole Markup Language ) a language for the visualization of geographic information tailored for "Google Earth". complements GML: KML can be used to carry GML content, and GML can be styled to KML for the purposes of presentation. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphic, by W3C) an XML-based file format for describing twodimensional vector graphics, both static and dynamic Can be used to visualize geospatial dataset (such as GML)

15 3. Open standards and technologies OGC s OpenGIS Web Services (OWS) Web Map Service (WMS 1.3.0) Provides georeferenced map images Return data types: GIF, PNG, JPEG, etc. Web Feature Service (WFS 1.1) Provides vector data on demand Return data types: GML 3.1.1, and GML Web Converage Service (WCS 1.1) Provides raster data on demand Return data types: GeoTIFF, DTED, HDF-EOS, or NITF.

16 3. Open standards and technologies WMS, WFS and WCS are designed as serverside mapping methods. Map (and other) requests are made through standard HTML methods 1 URL Parameters supplied within URL (GET) or hidden in document (POST) One request gives one response 1.

17 A WMS Example (A large image (1000 x 1000 pixels) of several cryospheric parameters in a polar stereographic projection focused on the Arctic): =1.1.1&request =GetMap&srs=EPSG:32661&format=image/gif&width=1000&height=1000&bbox= , , , &layers=sea_ice_extent_01,land,snow_extent_01,permafrost_extent,country_ borders,treeline,north_pole_geographic,arctic_circle,country_labels,geographic_features_sea

18 A WFS Example (Elevation contours for the Greenland ice sheet): GML Rendering in QGIS

19 A WCS Example (A GeoTIFF of sea ice concentration at 25-km resolution in a polar stereographic projection focused on the Arctic ) : =GetCoverage&crs=EPSG:32661&format=GeoTIFF&resx=25000&resy=25000&bbox= , , , &coverage=sea_ice_concentration_01 From:

20 3. Open standards and technologies Web Processing Service provides rules for standardizing how inputs and outputs (requests and responses) for geospatial processing services, such as polygon overlay. Sensor Observation Service provides an API for managing deployed sensors and retrieving sensor data and specifically observation data. More standards. OGC: ISO TC 211:

21 3. Open standards and technologies The above standards and technologies are adopted in many Open Source GI and Cartography applications.

22 4. Open Software for GI and Cartography Different kinds of software Web Mapping Desktop Applications Geospatial Libraries Metadata Catalog Others We will introduce some typical software.

23 4.1 Web Mapping Map Server (from OSGeo) Originally developed at the University of Minnesota (UMN Map Server) an open source development environment for building spatiallyenabled web mapping applications and services.

24 4.1 Web Mapping OpenLayers provides an JavaScript API for building rich webbased geographic applications similar to Google Maps and Bing Maps.

25 4.2 Desktop Applications Quantum GIS (QGIS) QGIS lets you browse, edit and create a variety of vector and raster formats, including ESRI shapefiles, spatial data in PostgreSQL/PostGIS, GRASS vectors and rasters, or GeoTiff. supports different plugins

26 4.2 Desktop Applications GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) For performing spatial analysis consists of more than 350 modules for processing vector (2D/3D), raster and voxel data can serve as a Desktop GIS and as the backbone of a complete GIS infrastructure.

27 GeoTools 4.3 Geospatial Libraries an open source Java code library which provides standards compliant methods for the manipulation of geospatial data. It implements OGC specifications (standards) as they are developed.

28 4.3 Geospatial Libraries PostGIS an open source software program that adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database. follows the Simple Features for SQL specification (standard) from OGC. QGIS Displaying Vector Data from PostGIS

29 4.4 Metadata Catalog GeoNetwork opensource a catalog application to manage spatially referenced resources providing powerful metadata editing and search functions as well as an embedded interactive web map viewer.

30 5. Case studies SITEL (México) a spatial data infrastructure, allows various government agencies to share data to be included in their own projects as health, security, urban furniture or mobility. over 1,910 vectorial layers plus another 70+ raster files, provided through PostGIS and WMS/WFS/WCS services with Mapserver. QGIS is used for data checking. Satellite imagery Orthophotos Digital elevation models Data Checking in QGIS

31 1. Forestry planning (Basel, Switzerland) 1 QGIS is used to import of existing data, digitizing, Analysis, Print and export. 5. Case studies Extract of the forestry measurements map

32 5. Case studies Examples of using GRASS Case studies of QGIS

33 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Technologie Push in der Kartographie - Datenakquisition und Sensoren - WebMapping und Soziale Netzwerke - LBS und Ubiquitous Computing - 3D, AR und Cross Media - Geodateninfrastruktur

34 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Datenakquisition und Sensoren Rapid Mapping, Real-Time Cartography

35 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Datenakquisition und Sensoren Automatisierte Kartographische Modellbildung

36 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Datenakquisition und Sensoren Crowd Sourcing

37 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Datenakquisition und Sensoren Crowd Sourcing

38 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Datenverarbeitung Pipes Clouds Real-Time Streaming

39 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Earth Viewer

40 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Web Mapping 2.0 Crowd Sourcing

41 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie WebMapping 2.0 Mashups

42 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie WebMapping 2.0 Mashups API Popularity Google Maps 47% Flickr 11% YouTube 9% Amazon 7% VirtualEarth 4% Ebay 4% 411Sync 3% YahooMaps 3% Del.icio.us 3% Yahoo 3%

43 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie WebMapping 2.0

44 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie WebMapping 2.0

45 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Location Based Services / Mobile Apps

46 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Ubiquitäres Computing

47 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie 3D Modellierung

48 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Augmented Reality

51 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Geodateninfrastruktur

52 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Kartographie und das Informationszeitalter? - ständig steigende Datenmengen - dynamische Weiterentwicklung von relevanten Technologien - Anforderung an Interoperabilität/Schnittstellen - zeitnahe Weiterverarbeitung - Bedürfnis nach Interaktivität und dynam. Visualisierung - Analyse komplexer Daten - Kommunikation in nutzergerechter Form

53 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Kartographie und das Informationszeitalter? Funktion von Karten: Artefakt abnehmend

54 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Kartographie und das Informationszeitalter? Funktion von Karten: Interface zunehmend

55 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Kartographie und das Informationszeitalter? Funktion von Karten: Metapher

56 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Implikation Visualisierung Nutzergerechte Informationsvermittlung

57 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Implikation Nutzerzentrierung Nutzerabhängiger Inhalt und Gestaltung Personalisierung, Adaptivität

58 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Implikation Medienadäquanz Mediengerechte Aufbereitung

59 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Implikation Kartographisches Dogma Gleichgewicht aus Maßstäblichkeit und Perzeptivität

60 Forschungsgruppe Kartographie Implikation Kartographische Modellierung Kartographische Modellbildung unter Einhaltung der constraints