Zur Frage 1: Wo liegt der Ursprung der somatischen Stammzellen?

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1 Zur Frage 1: Wo liegt der Ursprung der somatischen Stammzellen? 4. Doppelstunde ESF II WS2016, WT1 1

2 1.5.1.Wie entsteht das Herz während der frühe Embryogenese der Maus und des Menschen? Was geschieht nach dem Einnisten des Embryos? Entstehung des Epiblasten siehe 3.Doppelstunde Department für Medizinische Biochemie 2

3 Developmental Biology page 354 Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ESF-II/4 WS12

4 Transverse Ebene cranial /rostral Dorsal, posterior Sagittal / Medianebene rechts lateral medial links lateral Frontal Ebene ventral, anterior caudal Siehe auch:

5 Wo, wann und wie kommt es zur Kardiogenese während und nach der Gastrulation? doi: /dev DOI: Hyperplasia E7.5 E8.0 E8.5 E13.5 N2 Mouse Heart doi: /dbio doi: /S (03) DOI /dvdy doi: /pnas Department für Medizinische Biochemie 5

6 somatic splanchnic

7 From Presentation title / topic OR Presenter's name Organisational unit 7

8 Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ESF-II/4 WS12

9 Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ESF-II/4 WS12

10 File:Gray19 with color.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:gray19_with_color.png Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ESF-II/4 WS12

11 doi: /cshperspect.a013847

12 Department für Medizinische Biochemie 12

13 Heart DEvelopment Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ESF-II/4 WS12

14 Contributions from the second heart field Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ESF-II/4 WS12

15 Entwicklung des Herzens während der Embryogenese Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol Aug;14(8): doi: /nrm3619. Epub 2013 Jul 10. Mending broken hearts: cardiac development as a basis for adult heart regeneration and repair. Xin M 1, Olson EN, Bassel-Duby R. Aus MolMed2016

16 Overview of cardiac development The multifaceted role of Notch in cardiac development and disease Frances A. High & Jonathan A. Epstein Nature Reviews Genetics 9, (January 2008) doi: /nrg2279 Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ESF-II/4 WS12

17 Illustrations depict cardiac development with colour coding of morphologically related regions, seen from a ventral view. Cardiogenic precursors form a crescent (left-most panel) that is specified to form specific segments of the linear heart tube, which is patterned along the anterior posterior axis to form the various regions and chambers of the looped and mature heart. Each cardiac chamber balloons out from the outer curvature of the looped heart tube in a segmental fashion. Neural crest cells populate the bilaterally symmetrical aortic arch arteries (III, IV and VI) and aortic sac (AS) that together contribute to specific segments of the mature aortic arch, also colour coded. Mesenchymal cells form the cardiac valves from the conotruncal (CT) and atrioventricular valve (AVV) segments. Corresponding days of human embryonic development are indicated. A, atrium; Ao, aorta; DA, ductus arteriosus; LA, left atrium; LCC, left common carotid; LSCA, left subclavian artery; LV, left ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery; RA, right atrium; RCC, right common carotid; RSCA, right subclavian artery; RV, right ventricle; V, ventricle. Presentation title / topic OR Presenter's name Organisational unit doi: /

18 Morphologie und Funktionsweise des adulten Säugetierherzens. Organisational unit 18

19 Fig. 1. The adult mammalian heart. The adult mammalian heart is made up of four chambers: the right and left ventricles (RV and LV) and right and left atria (RA and LA). The ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum (IS). The vena cava and the aorta carry the flow of blood to and from the heart, respectively. Blood low in oxygen (blue arrows) from the different tissues is collected into the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava and flows to the lungs through the right ventricle. Oxygenated blood (red arrows) from the lungs flows into the left atrium and is pumped into the aorta by the left ventricle. This system allows oxygenated and nonoxygenated blood to be completely separate.

20 Aufbau des Säugetierherzens und die darin vorkommenden wichtigsten Zelltypen Reizleitungssystem: Erstes Herzfeld = Laterales Mesoderm Zweites Herzfeld = Rachen Mesoderm Craniale Neuralleistenzellen Proepicardiales Organ Mesangioblasten der Aorta Sinusknoten Atrio-Ventriklärknoten Hiss-Bündel Epikardium Myokardium Endokardium Herzklappen (4) Purkinje-Fasern Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol Aug;14(8): doi: /nrm3619. Epub 2013 Jul 10. Mending broken hearts: cardiac development as a basis for adult heart regeneration and repair. Xin M 1, Olson EN, Bassel-Duby R. Schrittmacherzellen Atriale Kardiomyozyten Ventrikuläre Kardiomyocyten Kardiale Fibroblasten Endothelzellen, glatte Muskelz. Telozyten, Perizyten Mastzellen, Makrophagen, Herzstammzellen Aus MolMed2016

21 Zelluläre Stadien im Laufe der Kardiogeneses E7.5 DOI: Department für Medizinische Biochemie 21

22 Organisational unit 22

23 Cardiogenesis in mammals at the cellular level II Endocardial progenitors Cardiac stem cells Alessandra Morettis Homepage: Department für Medizinische Biochemie

24 Cardiogenesis in mammals at the cellular level III Detaillierte Übersicht über die Kardiomyogenese The heart is composed of some 20 different cell types, but of only ~ 20% cardiomyocytes, occupying ~ 80% of the space, and of > 50% cardiac fibroblasts, occupying only ~ 20% of the space. Prevalence of cardiac stem cells: 1: : Department für Medizinische Biochemie DOI: 24

25 Molekulare Aspekte der frühen Kardiogenese (Teil 1) Organisational unit 25

26 Molekulare Aspekte der frühen Kardiogenese (Teil 1) E7.5 DOI: Department für Medizinische Biochemie 26

27 Detailliertere Beschreibung der Gastrulation: Sehr gute Bilder zur Herzentstehung: Organisational unit 27