Semantic modeling of collocations for lexicographic purposes

Transkript

1 Semantic modeling of collocations for lexicographic purposes Lothar Lemnitzer, Alexander Geyken Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften CCLCC Workshop at ESSLLI 2014 Tübingen, 14 Aug 2014

2 Content Context and motivation Tools, data, and theoretical framework Expected impact

3 The BB Academy of Sciences Founded 1700 by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Preußische Akademie à Deutsche Akademie à AW der DDR à BB Akademie der Wissenschaften Organisational division in Clusters, e.g. Alte Welt, Preußen, Zentrum Sprache Hosts many long-term projects ( > 25 years)

4 Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS) Long-term project ( ) 10 researchers (lexicographers, corpus linguists, computational linguists) Goal: Bringing a dictionary of contemporary German upto-date Integrating resources into a Digital Lexical System ( Dictionaries, Corpora, Statistics

5 Legacy: Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache Compiled between 1961 and full entries ~ usage examples and collocation groups Oudated (missing: Handy, Smartphone, downloaden.)!

6 Lexicographic goals Add: ~ full entries, base entries Information program for full entries includes: Collocations (drawn from a word profile) Citations (drawn from a corpus of contemporary German) Approach: Intellectual work, supported by tools (one of which is the Wortprofil)

7 word profile ( Sketch Engine )

8 Authoring enviroment (Oxygen)

9 Phase 1: Testing Phase 1: Testing (- 2012) 136 sample articles (incl. Allergie, Jeans, Handy) ~ 800 collocations drawn form the word profile Phase 2: Production (2013 now) ~ 2500 articles written ~ 5-6 collocations/entry Projection: > collocations for entries

10 Requirements To make collocational information more easy to handle for the user, we need to: Group the collocates according to their syntactic relation with the headword / base Group the collocates according to their semantic relation with the headword / base We need an appropriate model of collocation

11 Model of collocation R(B,C) (binary relation, for the sake of simplicity) Collocate: Shall we group collocation according to their semantic traits? Intuition: light, red, blue is somehow distinct from worn out, washed out R: can we provide a fixed set of (semantic) relations between base and collocate (Lexical Functions?) Base: are we able to inherit c-relations along a hierarchy of bases?

12 R

13 Lexical Function The concept was introduced by Mel čuk (Meaning Text Theory) Prototypical LF: MAGN MAGN(Raucher) = stark MAGN(smoker) = heavy Universal set of ~ 60 lexical elementary functions N Combinations of elementary functions Language specific sets of values for individual relations Used for lexicographical work, e.g. DEC

14 Ex.: Allergie / allergy The base denotes an overreaction of the immune system to sth, a durable state which is caused by sth Applicable LF MAGN(Allergie) = schwer, heftig (severe) S0_Incep_Func(Allergie) = Entstehung, Entstehen (development) S0_Caus_Oper(Allergie) = auslösen (cause) Propt(Allergie) = gegen (to) Labor (Allergie) = leiden_an (suffer_from)

15 Ex.: Jeans The base denotes a piece of wearable textile, a garment, i.e. an artifact Applicable LF Ver_Pred_Minus = hauteng (clinging), Magn_Ver_Pred_Minus = knalleng (skin-tight) Q: What to do with: schwarze Jeans (black), Jeans mit Streifen (striped)

16 Open questions / issues with LF Do the (combinations of) LF suffice to describe all collocations (to an appropriate level of specifity)? Are LF better suited for some (classes) of bases (e.g. bases denoting events and states) than for others (e.g. bases denoting artifacts)? Are we able to translate the LF labels into expressions which the average user is able to understand (following work of Polguère 2000) à Broaden our view by looking into other theoretical frameworks, e.g. Generative Lexicon

17 B

18 Inheritance of collocations Q: Are we able to model an inheritance relation for collocates along a lexical hierarchy of bases Starting point: GermaNet To do: find and extract collocates which are shared by two (closely related) bases

19 Ex. 1: co-hyponyms

20 Ex.: hyponym / hypernym

21 Expected impact Large set of manually selected and annotated collocations, could serve as a starting point for building multilingual resources A tool for generating (contrastive) collocational profiles (web service, adaptable to other languages) The model should be transferable to other lexicalsemantic resources à networks of syntagmatic relations This is work in progress, with the risk of failure, still more questions than answers

22 Thank you for your attention Correspondence: