DG DemoNet Validation Voltage Control from Simulation to Field Test

Transkript

1 DG DemoNet Validation Voltage Control from Simulation to Field Test IEEE ISGT Europe Innovative Smart Grid Technologies December 2011, Manchester Matthias Stifter, B. Bletterie, H. Brunner, D. Burnier, H. Sawsan, F. Andrén, R. Schwalbe A. Abart, R. Nenning, F. Herb, and R. Pointner

2 DG DemoNet Keeping voltage limits by integration of distributed generation (DG)

3 DG DemoNet (1) Distributed control (level control) 110 kv Control of tap changer according to voltage measurements from the grid (critical nodes) CVCU 110/30 kv 30 kv Information about the grid state is required ICT necessary M2 DG4 DG1 DG5 DG1 DG2 M1 DG6 M3 DG3 3

4 DG DemoNet (2) Coordinated control (level + range control) 110 kv Control of tap changer according to voltage measurements from the grid (critical nodes) CVCU 110/30 kv 30 kv Control of reactive power (Q) and as a last measurement reactive power (P) Impact of Q/P on the critical nodes (voltage sensitivity) are in a linearised model the contribution matrix DG1 M2 DG4 DG1 DG5 Local controller (in case of failure) DG2 M1 DG6 M3 Information about the grid state is required ICT necessary DG3 4

5 Voltage( p.u.) Voltage (p.u.) DG DemoNet critical nodes Nodes which have the highest or lowest voltage within a year Determined by offline power flow calculation based on historical generation and load profiles Representation of the voltage situation in the grid during operation 1.02 Voltage drop diagram of node at max_time : Voltage drop diagram of node 835 at min_time : Distance (km) Knoten kritische Knoten kritische Knoten Wasserkraft Distance (km) Knoten kritische Knoten kritische Knoten Wasserkraft 5

6 DG DemoNet contribution matrix Linearised model of the network With the matrices DG CN U P a a a ap a a a a a P 1,1 P 1,2 P 1, m P 2,1 P 2,2 P 2, m P n,1 P n,2 P n, m DG CN U Q a a a ap a a a a a Q 1,1 Q 1,2 Q 1, m Q 2,1 Q 2,2 Q 2, m Q n,1 Q n,2 Q n, m for active power and reactive power 6

7 DG DemoNet controller concept The following indicators are used: over voltage voltage band lower voltage range: distance between highest and lowest voltage measurement Two separate controllers: level control: tap changer position at the substation range control: control of Q(P) at the distributed generator (if the range is greater than the voltage band) 7

8 Voltage (p.u.) DG DemoNet level control Level control (centered) EVB Rng U set UUL ( u 2 max Rng u u max min u curr ) (1) (2) Effective Voltageband EVB = VB U DB U DB = U TAP = 0,011 k DB 0,7 1,060 1,050 modes of operation centered upper limit lower limit tap only if necessary 1,040 1,030 1,020 1,010 1,000 0,990 0,980 0,970 0,960 0,950 ucurr umax umin UUL ULL UDB-up Uset 0,940 UDB-low 0,930 0,920 0,910 Cases (before / after "Level control" action) 8

9 DG DemoNet range control Range control n min ( Q i 1 i Q 2 Q i ) (3) Q i Q i P i tan(arccos ( PF min )) 2 2 Q i Q i S n P i (4) (5) max( U i AQQ i ) min( U i AQQ i ) EVB (6) EVB VB U DB U reserve (7) standalone (without level control) keep within fixed voltage band fixed critical node limit voltage rise relative to reference node 9

10 DG DemoNet controller design Eingabe-maske Netzkonfiguration - Liste kritische Knoten - Liste aktive DEA - Beitragsmatrix Parameter - UOL / ULL -... Level Action Control Level Usoll=... Usoll Stufenregler (Eberle) Range Action Control Range Optimierung Q, P Kommunikation (PLC / Funk) DG DemoNetz-Regler (Central voltage control unit CVCU) 10

11 DG DemoNet implementation (CVCU) System architecture

12 CVCU system architecture CVCU Parameters Config MV Network Power Factory IEC 101 OPC SICAM DCOM Process Data OPC Interface Process Interface U, P, Q, UTap Controller Level Controller API User Interface Monitoring Control Power Factory OPC RPC SICAM Interface U set, P set, Q set, UTap set Range Controller Optimization Internal State Topology Network Status Contribution Matrix System: Execution Monitor, Logging 12

13 Optimisation Minimum of a nonlinear function under linear constraints Commercial optimisation library Matlab (Optimisation Toolbox) Intervallarithmetic (with University of Vienna) Open Source Optimisation library (Opt++) Development of an optimisation algorithm (constraints + minimum) Matlab runtime Optimization Toolbox (fmincon) Range Controller Controller Logic Opimization Interface Opimization Opt++ findoutofconstraints findmin Intervall arithmetic 13

14 Optimisation algorithm: principle Minimum of a nonlinear function under linear constraints (Q-control) or nonlinear constraint (PQ-control) convex problem Constraints define convex polyeder, where the valid minimum can be found Minimum is always definite Solution by declining gradients Two steps to solve two different problems 1. Find the valid area 2. Optimum without leaving the area 14

15 Requirements on ICT Interface to SCADA and telecontrol

16 Telecontrol Overview 16

17 Communication Großes Walsertal Different communication media fibre cable PLC WiMax radio link 17

18 (1) DEA_0219-KW DEA_0270-KW DEA_0209-KW DEA_0216-KW DEA_0830-KW Trafo DEA_0234-KW KKW PREDLITZ-LÄNGSREGLER DIgSILENT (1) DEA_0219-KW DEA_0270-KW DEA_0209-KW DEA_0216-KW DEA_0830-KW Trafo DEA_0234-KW KKW PREDLITZ-LÄNGSREGLER DIgSILENT Requirement on topology information Information about Critical Node (CN) / Distributed Generation (DG) connection status feeder assignment (DG CN) intra-feeder changes 0850 Zaunschirm 0.6MW 0850 Zaunschirm 0.6MW Graggaber 0.7MW DEA_0820-KW 0.54MW Graggaber 0.7MW DEA_0820-KW 0.54MW MW 0.346MW 0.49MW 0.9MW DEA_0222-KW DEA_0247-KW 0.62MW G ~ 0.62MW DEA_0235-KW 0310 Twengort 0208 Tamsweg 0813 Mauterndorf MW 0.346MW 0.49MW 0.9MW DEA_0222-KW DEA_0247-KW 0.62MW G ~ 0.62MW DEA_0235-KW 0208 Tamsweg normal operation Internal switching 0411 Predlitzort 0411 Predlitzort DEA_0410-KW DEA_0410-KW 0840 Kendlbruck 2.39MW Achtung! Profil 0447 für 0447-LAST & 0427-LAST verw enden 0840 Kendlbruck 2.39MW 18 Achtung! Profil 0447 für 0447-LAST & 0427-LAST verw enden Achtung! Hälfte des Profils von 0108 in 0813 verw enden und die andere Hälfte in 0108

19 Simulation and field tests Real time behaviour and open loop tests

20 K A TS C H B GTU S ( SS-KUPPL KATSCHBG TU-LÄNG SREG LER DEA_5562-KW UM UM DEA_5535-KW DEA_5566-KW LS/TR Sch LS-Tauriski DEA_0443-KW UM -LUN1 UM -LUN2 SL_UW_LUN / UW-LUN-30.. UW-LUN-110-SSKU DEA_0306-KW 183/ ( UM DEA_0850-KW _ _ Kupp / / kupp / / DIgSILENT Simulation and testing Distribution network Lungau UW-RDF-30- SS LS Zaunschirm 0.6MW DEA_5540-KW DEA_5538-KW DEA_0820-KW MW DEA_0830-KW SSA SSB / / / / SS Störkabel UW-LUN-NETZ SS DEA_0600-KW SSKU SSA SSB Twengort M SS DEA_0308-KW Mauterndorf F SSKU MW 0216 gelöscht DEA_0209-KW DEA_0219-KW DEA_0270-KW MW 0.49MW DEA_0222-KW DEA_0247-KW MW Trafo 0821-KKW G ~ Tamsweg 0235 gelöscht Störkabel Kupp /4-110 DEA_KW-RTG KW- ZED DEA_KW-ZED KW- RTG DEA_KW-MUR DEA_0167-KW 183/ KW- HI M DEA_0814-KW DEA_0114-KW UW-LUN-110-SS1 UW-LUN-110-SS2 UW-LUN-30- SS1 UW-LUN-30- SS (1.. SL_LUN_ DEA_KW-HIM UW-LUN-NETZ30_W G ~ G ~ UW-LUN-NETZ30_O DEA_0113-KW SS-K SSB HILFTR DEA_0234-KW DEA_0410-KW 0411 Predlitzort PREDLITZ-LÄNGSREGLER BF 1b konstante Last Konstante_Last_BF1b SS-KUPP SS-KUPP DEA_0840-KW 0840 Kendlbruck 2.39MW Achtung! Profil 0447 für 0447-LAST & 0427-LAST verwenden Achtung! Hälfte des Profils von 0108 in 0813 verwenden und die andere Hälfte in 0108 CN_Normal CN_andere Schaltzustände Regelnden Anlagen

21 Simulation and testing Application in planning and operation N e t w o r k o p e r a t i o n ( p r o c e s s ) M V N e t w o r k R e a l T i m e S i m u l a ti o n P o w e r F a c t o r y I E C O P C T e l e c o n tr o l i n te r fa c e S I C A M O ffl i n e S i m u l a ti o n C O M O P C P r o c e s s In te r fa c e v i a S C A D A C V C U N e tz d a te n - m o d e l l N E P L A N? S p e k t r u m I E C C I M S I N C A L? S C A D A ( M a n g o ) O P C I E C N e t w o r k p l a n n i n g ( s i m u l a t i o n ) 21

22 Q (kvar) RANGE - EVB (p.u.) RANGE - EVB (p.u.) Offline simulation Offline-Simulation: Simulation and analysis of functionality One year JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 22

23 Realtime simulation Dynamic simulation controller cycles latency in communication generators and transformer (OLTC) 23

24 Field test - DG Brunnenfeld / Substation Bürs 24

25 Field test - DG Brunnenfeld (Substation Bürs) Set points for reactive and active power [math.] V [V] kv [kv] kw [kw ] :05:37 15:19:17 15:32:58 15:46:38 16:00:

26 Field test DG Brunnenfeld (Substation Bürs) Without range control 26

27 Field test DG Brunnenfeld (Substation Bürs) With range control 27

28 Outlook Next steps

29 Outlook DG DemoNet Validation Open und closed loop operation in Großes Walsertal and Lungau experiences and long term tests Mastering different network states topology recognition Interaction with local controller Strategies to start and stop the controller Analyse influence of the HV grid Interoperability with other simulation and SCADA systems Communication based on IEC61850 Optimise overall losses (reactive power) Consider thermal constraints (?) Dataconcentrator AMI in substations as critical nodes Dynamic assessment of voltage sensitivity / topology coupling with state estimator 29

30 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology your ingenious partner Matthias Stifter Energy Department Electric Energy Systems AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Österreichisches Forschungs- und Prüfzentrum Arsenal Ges.m.b.H. Giefinggasse Vienna Austria T +43(0) M +43(0) F +43(0) matthias.stifter@ait.ac.at

31 Zusätzliche Folien Backup

32 Range Control : Beitragsmatrix-Konzept U P a a a ap a a a a a P 1,1 P 1,2 P 1, m P 2,1 P 2,2 P 2, m P n,1 P n,2 P n, m U Q a a a ap a a a a a Q 1,1 Q 1,2 Q 1, m Q 2,1 Q 2,2 Q 2, m Q n,1 Q n,2 Q n, m In der Beitragsmatrix wird in der CVCU hinterlegt wie groß die Auswirkung einer regelbaren Erzeugungsanlage auf die Spannungen an den einzelnen kritischen Knoten ist (Basis für die Verkleinerung der Spreizung) Entsprechend der Reihung in der Beitragsmatrix werden Blindleistungssollwerte an die Anlagen gesendet bis die Spreizung der Spannung der kritischen Knoten wieder innerhalb des zur Verfügung stehenden Spannungsbandes liegt bzw. so klein ist, dass eine Stufenschaltung (über den Level Controller) möglich ist 32

33 Range Control : Berechnung der Blindleistungssollwerte für die zu regelnden Anlagen m m Q n Q n Q n m Q Q Q m Q Q Q CNn CN CN CNn CN CN CNn CN CN Q Q Q a a a a a a a a a U U U U U U U U U 2 1,,2,1 2, 2,2 2,1 1, 1,2 1, DG n i Q i Q i _ 2 ) ( )) ( tan(arccos min PF P Q Q i i i Minimiere unter den Randbedingungen 2 2 max i, i i i P S Q Q

34 Topologieerkennung Ausgehend von einem Normalschaltzustand des Netzes müssen Änderungen der Topologie dem Regelalgorithmus mitgeteilt werden, damit die CVCU mit dem richtigen Netzmodell (Beitragsmatrix) arbeiten kann. Die Änderung des Einflusses eines regelbaren Kraftwerks auf die korrespondierenden kritischen Knoten (Messpunkt) kann zu falschen Berechnungen führen. Die Anforderungen für den zuverlässigen Betrieb der CVCU an die Fernwirktechnik werden in vier Stufen eingeteilt, wobei die Informationen für die ersten beiden Stufen unbedingt notwendig sind: 1. Kritischer Knoten (KK) oder regelbares Kraftwerk (rkw) am Netz. 2. Kritischer Knoten (KK) oder regelbares Kraftwerk (rkw) im Einflussbereich des Umspanners 3. Änderung der Zugehörigkeit zum Abzweig eines kritischen Knotens (KK) oder eines regelbaren Kraftwerks (rkw) 4. Dynamische Ermittlung der Beitragsmatrix nach Änderung der Topologie 34