Sexuelle Orientierung und Geschlechtsidentität

Transkript

1 AG 5: Implementierung von Gender & Diversity-Strategien 6. Mai 2011, 14:30-16:30 Uhr Sexuelle Orientierung und Geschlechtsidentität - wohin entwickelt sich die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit? Arn Thorben Sauer, M.A. Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung / Dreilinden ggmbh Gender & Diversity-Strategien: Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Perspektiven postkolonialer Theorie Kritik, Konzepte, Praxen, Netzwerke Tagung der GIZ, Berlin, 6. und 7. Mai 2011 Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 1

2 *LGBTI(Q) = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex & queer/questioning LGBTI(Q)* Human Rights Kasha Jacqueline Nabagesera LGBT Human Rights Activist, Uganda 2011 Martin Ennals Awards for Human Rights Defenders (MEA) ( ) Navanethem Navi Pillay United Nation s High Commissioner for Human Rights Speech against homophobia & transphoia es/lgbtvideos.aspx ( ) Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 2

3 Sex - Gender Desire Sex Gender Identity Sexual Orientation + Gender Identity = SOGI Dependent on historical and spatial situatedness Gender Sexual Orientation Sexuality/ Desire Everyone has a gender identity and sexual orientation Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 3

4 Heteronormativity/Intersectionality Heteronormativity is a term for a set of [ ] norms that hold that people fall into distinct and complementary genders (male and female) with natural roles in life. It also holds that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation, and states that sexual and marital relations are most (or only) fitting between a man and a woman. Consequently, a 'heteronormative' view is one that promotes alignment of biological sex, gender identity, and gender roles. (Lovaas & Jenkins & 2006) Heteronormativity is a concept described by Queer Theory as the underlying principle that constructs society at large, normalizing its institutions and practices. (Butler 1990) Intersectionality describes the phenomenon how multiple discriminations can overlap or intersect (not additive). (Crenshaw 1989) Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 4

5 Human Rights / SOGI / Intersectionality [ ] those who suffer the greatest abuses based on sex, gender and sexuality are those who also live in poverty or face racial, ethnic or disability-based discrimination or live with addictions that criminalize them further. Program strategies must be mindful of these compound abuses. (Joanne Csete, Firelight Foundation, Full Enjoyment of Human Rights by All: Vulnerable Groups, Social Exclusion, and Progress Towards Universal Access, at the UN General Assembly High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS June 9, 2008). Photo: Blue Diamond Society Nepal, permission to publish this photo is generously given by Astrea Lesbian Foundation for Social Justice (2009) Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 5

6 Gender & SOGI Mainstreaming To progress in this area it is crucial to rethink issues around social, economic and cultural equity, gender equality, masculinities, femininities and SRHR [AS: Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights] as a totality, in order to avoid the risk that LGBT issues become an isolated pocket of acceptance and tolerance in an otherwise heteronormative discourse. Any rights, gender and sexuality policy that does not mainstream homosexuality and transgender issues has severe deficiencies in its construct and theoretical framework. There should be no reasonable argument to reduce gender to men and women only and sexuality to heterosexuality only. (SIDA, Health Division: SOGI Issues in Development, 2005, p. 51) Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 6

7 Selected References (German) Sauer, A. & Chebout, L. (2011; in Erscheinung): Regenbogen- Philanthropie 2. Deutsche Unterstützung für die lesbisch-schwule, bi-, trans- und intersexuelle (LSBTI) Menschenrechtsarbeit im globalen Süden und Osten [Arbeitstitel]. Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte & Dreilinden ggmbh (Hg.): Berlin. Sauer, A. & Heckemeyer, K. (2011): Sexuelle Orientierung und Geschlechtsidentität in der internationalen Menschenrechts- und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, in: Peripherie Zeitschrift für Politik und Ökonomie in der Dritten Welt, 121(1), p Sauer, A.; Balzer, C. & Suess, A. (Hg.) (2010). Menschenrechte & Geschlechtsidentität. Themenpapier von Thomas Hammarberg, Europarat, Kommissar für Menschenrechte [deutsche Übersetzung]. Transrespect vs. Transphobia (TvT)-Schriftenreihe Bd. 2. TransInterQueer: Berlin. Sauer, A. (2009): Regenbogen-Philanthropie! Deutsche Unterstützung für die lesbisch-schwule, bi-, trans- und intersexuelle (LSBTI) Menschenrechtsarbeit im globalen Süden und Osten. Dreilinden ggmbh & Active Philanthropie ggmbh (Hg.): Berlin. URL: Lohrenscheit, C. & Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte (Hg.) (2009): Sexuelle Selbstbestimmung als Menschenrecht. Nomos Verlag: Baden- Baden. Dudek, S. & Harnisch, R. (Hg.) (2007): Das Recht, anders zu sein. Querverlag: Berlin. Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 7

8 Selected References (internat.) Lackner, M. (2011): Sexuelle Rechte in der Ostzusammenarbeit: Österreichs Lippenbekenntnis zu Menschenrechten am Beispiel von EZA- Programmen und -Projekten in Bosnien und Herzegowina. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller: Saarbrücken. Dubel, I. & Hielkema, A. (Hg.) (2010): Urgency Required. HIVOS: Amsterdam. Lindy, A. (2010): Development, Global Governance, and Sexual Subjectivities. In: A. Lind (Hrsg.), in Development, Sexual Rights and Global Governance (p. 1-20). Routledge: New York. Kollman, K. & Waites, M. (2009): The global politics of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender human rights: an introduction. Contemporary Politics, 15(1), p Swiebel, J. (2009): Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender human rights: the search for an international strategy. Contemporary Politics, 15(1), p O'Flaherty, M. & Fisher, J. (2008): Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Contextualising the Yogyakarta Principles. Human Rights Law Review, 8(2), p International Panel of Experts in International Human Rights Law an on sexual orientation and gender identity (2007): The Yogyakarta Principles. Yogyakarta. Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 8

9 Thank you for your attention! Photo: Astrea, Justice in the Making, 2008, p. 12 Arn Sauer (Studie LSBTI-Geberförderung) 9